Locomotor activity measures in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analyses and new findings
Locomotor activity measures in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analyses and new findings
Introduction
Our aim was to assess differences in movement measures in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vs. typically developing (TD) controls.
Methods
We performed meta-analyses of published studies on motion measures contrasting ADHD with controls. We also conducted a case–control study with children/adolescents (n = 61 TD, n = 62 ADHD) and adults (n = 30 TD, n = 19 ADHD) using the McLean motion activity test, semi-structured diagnostic interviews and the behavior rating inventory of executive function and Conners (parent, teacher; self) rating scales.
Results
Meta-analyses revealed medium-to-large effect sizes for actigraph (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 0.85) and motion tracking systems (SDM: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.20) measures in differentiating individuals with ADHD from controls. Effects sizes were similar in studies of children/adolescents ([SMD]: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.01) and of adults ([SMD]: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.00). In our sample, ADHD groups differed significantly in number of head movements (p = 0.02 in children; p = 0.002 in adults), displacement (p = 0.009/p < 0.001), head area (p = 0.03/p < 0.001), spatial complexity (p = 0.06/p = 0.02) and temporal scaling (p = 0.05/p = 0.04). Mean effect sizes were non-significantly larger (d = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.45) in adults vs. children/adolescents with ADHD (d = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.82). In the concurrent go/no-go task, reaction time variability was significantly greater in ADHD (p < 0.05 in both age groups) than controls.
Conclusions
Locomotor hyperactivity remains core to the construct of ADHD even in adults. Our results suggest that objective locomotion measures may be particularly useful in evaluating adults with possible ADHD.
14-26
García Murillo, Lourdes
5dbba622-3195-4443-acd6-f9f959318534
Cortese, Samuele
53d4bf2c-4e0e-4c77-9385-218350560fdb
Anderson, David
ace373df-c58c-4cd4-941f-1a596a62b5a8
Di Martino, Adriana
86328f4a-566d-4ff5-9b6d-209801a0632e
Castellanos, Francisco Xavier
bd1644e9-cb92-4e21-a493-51d526e00c4c
García Murillo, Lourdes
5dbba622-3195-4443-acd6-f9f959318534
Cortese, Samuele
53d4bf2c-4e0e-4c77-9385-218350560fdb
Anderson, David
ace373df-c58c-4cd4-941f-1a596a62b5a8
Di Martino, Adriana
86328f4a-566d-4ff5-9b6d-209801a0632e
Castellanos, Francisco Xavier
bd1644e9-cb92-4e21-a493-51d526e00c4c
García Murillo, Lourdes, Cortese, Samuele, Anderson, David, Di Martino, Adriana and Castellanos, Francisco Xavier
(2015)
Locomotor activity measures in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analyses and new findings.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 252, .
(doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.001).
Abstract
Introduction
Our aim was to assess differences in movement measures in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vs. typically developing (TD) controls.
Methods
We performed meta-analyses of published studies on motion measures contrasting ADHD with controls. We also conducted a case–control study with children/adolescents (n = 61 TD, n = 62 ADHD) and adults (n = 30 TD, n = 19 ADHD) using the McLean motion activity test, semi-structured diagnostic interviews and the behavior rating inventory of executive function and Conners (parent, teacher; self) rating scales.
Results
Meta-analyses revealed medium-to-large effect sizes for actigraph (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43, 0.85) and motion tracking systems (SDM: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.20) measures in differentiating individuals with ADHD from controls. Effects sizes were similar in studies of children/adolescents ([SMD]: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.01) and of adults ([SMD]: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.00). In our sample, ADHD groups differed significantly in number of head movements (p = 0.02 in children; p = 0.002 in adults), displacement (p = 0.009/p < 0.001), head area (p = 0.03/p < 0.001), spatial complexity (p = 0.06/p = 0.02) and temporal scaling (p = 0.05/p = 0.04). Mean effect sizes were non-significantly larger (d = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.45) in adults vs. children/adolescents with ADHD (d = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.82). In the concurrent go/no-go task, reaction time variability was significantly greater in ADHD (p < 0.05 in both age groups) than controls.
Conclusions
Locomotor hyperactivity remains core to the construct of ADHD even in adults. Our results suggest that objective locomotion measures may be particularly useful in evaluating adults with possible ADHD.
This record has no associated files available for download.
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 2 March 2015
e-pub ahead of print date: 11 March 2015
Organisations:
Clinical Neuroscience
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 380064
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/380064
ISSN: 0165-0270
PURE UUID: 40609f82-e88f-4fdd-af1a-93f9c5248758
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 19 Aug 2015 14:21
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:52
Export record
Altmetrics
Contributors
Author:
Lourdes García Murillo
Author:
David Anderson
Author:
Adriana Di Martino
Author:
Francisco Xavier Castellanos
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.
View more statistics