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A matter of fat

A matter of fat
A matter of fat
Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of critical illness, associated with significant morbidity, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and increased mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in ARDS, with inflammatory eicosanoid mediators produced from the ?-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, such as leukotriene B4, being involved. The ?-3 fatty acids found in fish oil exert anti-inflammatory effects, including decreasing production of inflammatory eicosanoids from arachidonic acid. The ?-3 fatty acids are effective in models relevant to ARDS. Several randomized controlled trials of enteral formulas rich in ?-3 fatty acids, often in combination with other bioactive substances, have been conducted in patients with ARDS. Four of these trials reported marked clinical benefits, 2 reported no effect, and 1 reported a negative impact. A systematic review and meta-analysis of these 7 trials identified no overall effect on ventilator-free days or on ICU-free days. There was a small reduction in ICU length of stay and no overall effect on mortality. However, the authors formally identified that trials that used high fat in both treatment and control groups showed a significant reduction in mortality, while trials that used a high, or higher, fat treatment and a low-fat control group showed a trend toward an increase in mortality. It is concluded that differences in outcome reported among these studies largely relate to the relative fat contents of the treatment and control formulas. Further, it is concluded that high-fat enteral formulas should not be used in this patient group
adult, enteral formulas, lipids, critical care, fatty acids, immunonutrition, pulmonary, disease, trauma, sepsis
0148-6071
756-758
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6
Calder, P.C.
1797e54f-378e-4dcb-80a4-3e30018f07a6

Calder, P.C. (2015) A matter of fat. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 39 (7), 756-758. (doi:10.1177/0148607114565613). (PMID:25533963)

Record type: Editorial

Abstract

Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of critical illness, associated with significant morbidity, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and increased mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in ARDS, with inflammatory eicosanoid mediators produced from the ?-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, such as leukotriene B4, being involved. The ?-3 fatty acids found in fish oil exert anti-inflammatory effects, including decreasing production of inflammatory eicosanoids from arachidonic acid. The ?-3 fatty acids are effective in models relevant to ARDS. Several randomized controlled trials of enteral formulas rich in ?-3 fatty acids, often in combination with other bioactive substances, have been conducted in patients with ARDS. Four of these trials reported marked clinical benefits, 2 reported no effect, and 1 reported a negative impact. A systematic review and meta-analysis of these 7 trials identified no overall effect on ventilator-free days or on ICU-free days. There was a small reduction in ICU length of stay and no overall effect on mortality. However, the authors formally identified that trials that used high fat in both treatment and control groups showed a significant reduction in mortality, while trials that used a high, or higher, fat treatment and a low-fat control group showed a trend toward an increase in mortality. It is concluded that differences in outcome reported among these studies largely relate to the relative fat contents of the treatment and control formulas. Further, it is concluded that high-fat enteral formulas should not be used in this patient group

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More information

Published date: September 2015
Keywords: adult, enteral formulas, lipids, critical care, fatty acids, immunonutrition, pulmonary, disease, trauma, sepsis
Organisations: Human Development & Health

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 381157
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/381157
ISSN: 0148-6071
PURE UUID: aea2250e-dd8b-44be-b11f-969325c35210
ORCID for P.C. Calder: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-710X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 05 Oct 2015 13:28
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:50

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