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North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability

North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability
North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability
Simulated inter-annual to decadal variability and trends in the North Atlantic for the 1958–2007 period from twenty global ocean – sea-ice coupled models are presented. These simulations are performed as contributions to the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). The study is Part II of our companion paper (Danabasoglu et al., 2014) which documented the mean states in the North Atlantic from the same models. A major focus of the present study is the representation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability in the participating models. Relationships between AMOC variability and those of some other related variables, such as subpolar mixed layer depths, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Labrador Sea upper-ocean hydrographic properties, are also investigated. In general, AMOC variability shows three distinct stages. During the first stage that lasts until the mid- to late-1970s, AMOC is relatively steady, remaining lower than its long-term (1958–2007) mean. Thereafter, AMOC intensifies with maximum transports achieved in the mid- to late-1990s. This enhancement is then followed by a weakening trend until the end of our integration period. This sequence of low frequency AMOC variability is consistent with previous studies. Regarding strengthening of AMOC between about the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s, our results support a previously identified variability mechanism where AMOC intensification is connected to increased deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic, driven by NAO-related surface fluxes. The simulations tend to show general agreement in their temporal representations of, for example, AMOC, sea surface temperature (SST), and subpolar mixed layer depth variabilities. In particular, the observed variability of the North Atlantic SSTs is captured well by all models. These findings indicate that simulated variability and trends are primarily dictated by the atmospheric datasets which include the influence of ocean dynamics from nature superimposed onto anthropogenic effects. Despite these general agreements, there are many differences among the model solutions, particularly in the spatial structures of variability patterns. For example, the location of the maximum AMOC variability differs among the models between Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Global ocean – sea-ice modelling, Ocean model comparisons, Atmospheric forcing, Inter-annual to decadal variability and mechanisms, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability, Variability in the North Atlantic
1463-5003
65-90
Danabasoglu, Gokhan
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Yeager, Steve G.
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Kim, Who M.
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Behrens, Erik
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Bentsen, Mats
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Bi, Daohua
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Biastoch, Arne
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Canuto, Vittorio M.
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Cassou, Christophe
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Chassignet, Eric
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Coward, Andrew C.
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Diansky, Nikolay
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Scheinert, Markus
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Sidorenko, Dmitry
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Treguier, Anne-Marie
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Uotila, Petteri
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Valcke, Sophie
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Voldoire, Aurore
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Wang, Qiang
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Yashayaev, Igor
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Danabasoglu, Gokhan
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Yeager, Steve G.
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Kim, Who M.
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Behrens, Erik
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Bentsen, Mats
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Bi, Daohua
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Biastoch, Arne
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Bleck, Rainer
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Canuto, Vittorio M.
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Chassignet, Eric
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Danilov, Sergey
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Diansky, Nikolay
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Fogli, Pier Giuseppe
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Fujii, Yosuke
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Griffies, Stephen M.
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Jung, Thomas
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Karspeck, Alicia R.
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Kelley, Maxwell
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Large, William G.
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Lu, Jianhua
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Masina, Simona
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Navarra, Antonio
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Romanou, Anastasia
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Uotila, Petteri
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Valcke, Sophie
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Voldoire, Aurore
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Wang, Qiang
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Yashayaev, Igor
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Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Yeager, Steve G., Kim, Who M., Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Bleck, Rainer, Böning, Claus, Bozec, Alexandra, Canuto, Vittorio M., Cassou, Christophe, Chassignet, Eric, Coward, Andrew C., Danilov, Sergey, Diansky, Nikolay, Drange, Helge, Farneti, Riccardo, Fernandez, Elodie, Fogli, Pier Giuseppe, Forget, Gael, Fujii, Yosuke, Griffies, Stephen M., Gusev, Anatoly, Heimbach, Patrick, Howard, Armando, Ilicak, Mehmet, Jung, Thomas, Karspeck, Alicia R., Kelley, Maxwell, Large, William G., Leboissetier, Anthony, Lu, Jianhua, Madec, Gurvan, Marsland, Simon J., Masina, Simona, Navarra, Antonio, Nurser, A.J. George, Pirani, Anna, Romanou, Anastasia, Salas y Mélia, David, Samuels, Bonita L., Scheinert, Markus, Sidorenko, Dmitry, Sun, Shan, Treguier, Anne-Marie, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valcke, Sophie, Voldoire, Aurore, Wang, Qiang and Yashayaev, Igor (2016) North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability. Ocean Modelling, 97, 65-90. (doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.11.007).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Simulated inter-annual to decadal variability and trends in the North Atlantic for the 1958–2007 period from twenty global ocean – sea-ice coupled models are presented. These simulations are performed as contributions to the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). The study is Part II of our companion paper (Danabasoglu et al., 2014) which documented the mean states in the North Atlantic from the same models. A major focus of the present study is the representation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability in the participating models. Relationships between AMOC variability and those of some other related variables, such as subpolar mixed layer depths, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Labrador Sea upper-ocean hydrographic properties, are also investigated. In general, AMOC variability shows three distinct stages. During the first stage that lasts until the mid- to late-1970s, AMOC is relatively steady, remaining lower than its long-term (1958–2007) mean. Thereafter, AMOC intensifies with maximum transports achieved in the mid- to late-1990s. This enhancement is then followed by a weakening trend until the end of our integration period. This sequence of low frequency AMOC variability is consistent with previous studies. Regarding strengthening of AMOC between about the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s, our results support a previously identified variability mechanism where AMOC intensification is connected to increased deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic, driven by NAO-related surface fluxes. The simulations tend to show general agreement in their temporal representations of, for example, AMOC, sea surface temperature (SST), and subpolar mixed layer depth variabilities. In particular, the observed variability of the North Atlantic SSTs is captured well by all models. These findings indicate that simulated variability and trends are primarily dictated by the atmospheric datasets which include the influence of ocean dynamics from nature superimposed onto anthropogenic effects. Despite these general agreements, there are many differences among the model solutions, particularly in the spatial structures of variability patterns. For example, the location of the maximum AMOC variability differs among the models between Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

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More information

Published date: January 2016
Keywords: Global ocean – sea-ice modelling, Ocean model comparisons, Atmospheric forcing, Inter-annual to decadal variability and mechanisms, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability, Variability in the North Atlantic
Organisations: Marine Systems Modelling

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 386762
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/386762
ISSN: 1463-5003
PURE UUID: a6086dab-a458-4052-9163-f9b464d18ac0

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Date deposited: 01 Feb 2016 14:05
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 22:37

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Contributors

Author: Gokhan Danabasoglu
Author: Steve G. Yeager
Author: Who M. Kim
Author: Erik Behrens
Author: Mats Bentsen
Author: Daohua Bi
Author: Arne Biastoch
Author: Rainer Bleck
Author: Claus Böning
Author: Alexandra Bozec
Author: Vittorio M. Canuto
Author: Christophe Cassou
Author: Eric Chassignet
Author: Andrew C. Coward
Author: Sergey Danilov
Author: Nikolay Diansky
Author: Helge Drange
Author: Riccardo Farneti
Author: Elodie Fernandez
Author: Pier Giuseppe Fogli
Author: Gael Forget
Author: Yosuke Fujii
Author: Stephen M. Griffies
Author: Anatoly Gusev
Author: Patrick Heimbach
Author: Armando Howard
Author: Mehmet Ilicak
Author: Thomas Jung
Author: Alicia R. Karspeck
Author: Maxwell Kelley
Author: William G. Large
Author: Anthony Leboissetier
Author: Jianhua Lu
Author: Gurvan Madec
Author: Simon J. Marsland
Author: Simona Masina
Author: Antonio Navarra
Author: A.J. George Nurser
Author: Anna Pirani
Author: Anastasia Romanou
Author: David Salas y Mélia
Author: Bonita L. Samuels
Author: Markus Scheinert
Author: Dmitry Sidorenko
Author: Shan Sun
Author: Anne-Marie Treguier
Author: Hiroyuki Tsujino
Author: Petteri Uotila
Author: Sophie Valcke
Author: Aurore Voldoire
Author: Qiang Wang
Author: Igor Yashayaev

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