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Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study

Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study
Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in the UK is still largely open to debate. Additionally its pathogenesis is also unclear although it is known that there are differing phenotypes. Determining its prevalence, along with identifying those factors associated with its development will help to assess its clinical importance within the national setting and also add to the debate on appropriate prevention strategies.

METHODS: A population based birth cohort study conducted in Hampshire, UK as part of the EuroPrevall birth cohort study. 1140 infants were recruited with 823 being followed up until 2 years of age. Infants with suspected food reactions were assessed including specific IgE measurement and skin prick testing. Diagnosis of food hypersensitivity was by positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) where symptoms up to 48 h after the end of the food challenge were considered indicative of a food hypersensitivity. Factors associated with food hypersensitivity and its two phenotypes of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated disease were modelled in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity by 2 years of age was 5.0 %. The cumulative incidence for individual food allergens were hens' egg 2.7 % (1.6-3.8); cows' milk 2.4 % (1.4-3.5); peanut 0.7 % (0.1-1.3); soy 0.4 % (0.0-0.8); wheat 0.2 % (0.0-0.5) and 0.1 % (0.0-0.32) for fish. The cumulative incidence of IgE-mediated food allergy was 2.6 % with 2.1 % reacting to hens' egg. For non-IgE-mediated food allergy the cumulative incidence was 2.4 % (cows' milk 1.7 %). Predictors for any food hypersensitivity were wheeze, maternal atopy, increasing gestational age, age at first solid food introduction and mean healthy dietary pattern score. Predictors for IgE mediated allergy were eczema, rhinitis and healthy dietary pattern score whereas for non-IgE-mediated food allergy the predictors were dog in the home, healthy dietary pattern score, maternal consumption of probiotics during breastfeeding and age at first solid food introduction.

CONCLUSIONS: Just under half the infants with confirmed food hypersensitivity had no demonstrable IgE. In an exploratory analysis, risk factors for this phenotype of food hypersensitivity differed from those for IgE-mediated food allergy except for a healthy infant diet which was associated with less risk for both phenotypes.
food hypersensitivity, food allergy, epidemiology, europrevall, incidence, risk factors, dietary pattern analysis, healthy eating
1-13
Grimshaw, Kate E.C.
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Bryant, Trevor
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Oliver, Erin M.
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Martin, Jane
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Maskell, Joe
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Kemp, Terri
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Clare Mills, E.N.
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Foote, Keith D.
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Margetts, Barrie M.
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Beyer, Kirsten
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Roberts, Graham
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Grimshaw, Kate E.C.
766b6cf0-347a-447d-aeab-f07366f8ce28
Bryant, Trevor
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Oliver, Erin M.
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Martin, Jane
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Maskell, Joe
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Kemp, Terri
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Clare Mills, E.N.
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Foote, Keith D.
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Margetts, Barrie M.
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Beyer, Kirsten
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Roberts, Graham
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Grimshaw, Kate E.C., Bryant, Trevor, Oliver, Erin M., Martin, Jane, Maskell, Joe, Kemp, Terri, Clare Mills, E.N., Foote, Keith D., Margetts, Barrie M., Beyer, Kirsten and Roberts, Graham (2016) Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 6 (1), 1-13. (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0089-8). (PMID:26816616)

Record type: Article

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in the UK is still largely open to debate. Additionally its pathogenesis is also unclear although it is known that there are differing phenotypes. Determining its prevalence, along with identifying those factors associated with its development will help to assess its clinical importance within the national setting and also add to the debate on appropriate prevention strategies.

METHODS: A population based birth cohort study conducted in Hampshire, UK as part of the EuroPrevall birth cohort study. 1140 infants were recruited with 823 being followed up until 2 years of age. Infants with suspected food reactions were assessed including specific IgE measurement and skin prick testing. Diagnosis of food hypersensitivity was by positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) where symptoms up to 48 h after the end of the food challenge were considered indicative of a food hypersensitivity. Factors associated with food hypersensitivity and its two phenotypes of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated disease were modelled in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity by 2 years of age was 5.0 %. The cumulative incidence for individual food allergens were hens' egg 2.7 % (1.6-3.8); cows' milk 2.4 % (1.4-3.5); peanut 0.7 % (0.1-1.3); soy 0.4 % (0.0-0.8); wheat 0.2 % (0.0-0.5) and 0.1 % (0.0-0.32) for fish. The cumulative incidence of IgE-mediated food allergy was 2.6 % with 2.1 % reacting to hens' egg. For non-IgE-mediated food allergy the cumulative incidence was 2.4 % (cows' milk 1.7 %). Predictors for any food hypersensitivity were wheeze, maternal atopy, increasing gestational age, age at first solid food introduction and mean healthy dietary pattern score. Predictors for IgE mediated allergy were eczema, rhinitis and healthy dietary pattern score whereas for non-IgE-mediated food allergy the predictors were dog in the home, healthy dietary pattern score, maternal consumption of probiotics during breastfeeding and age at first solid food introduction.

CONCLUSIONS: Just under half the infants with confirmed food hypersensitivity had no demonstrable IgE. In an exploratory analysis, risk factors for this phenotype of food hypersensitivity differed from those for IgE-mediated food allergy except for a healthy infant diet which was associated with less risk for both phenotypes.

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Accepted/In Press date: 7 December 2015
e-pub ahead of print date: 26 January 2016
Published date: 26 January 2016
Keywords: food hypersensitivity, food allergy, epidemiology, europrevall, incidence, risk factors, dietary pattern analysis, healthy eating
Organisations: Clinical & Experimental Sciences

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 388659
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/388659
PURE UUID: e49c6aa6-f15a-44d9-b9ef-7fba8721fba4
ORCID for Graham Roberts: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-1248

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Date deposited: 01 Mar 2016 14:03
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 03:22

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Contributors

Author: Trevor Bryant
Author: Erin M. Oliver
Author: Jane Martin
Author: Joe Maskell
Author: Terri Kemp
Author: E.N. Clare Mills
Author: Keith D. Foote
Author: Kirsten Beyer
Author: Graham Roberts ORCID iD

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