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An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes
In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean–sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the shelves.
Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Water, St. Anna Trough, Density currents, CORE-II atmospheric forcing
1463-5003
141-161
Ilıcak, Mehmet
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Drange, Helge
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Wang, Qiang
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Gerdes, Rüdiger
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Bentsen, Mats
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Böning, Claus
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Cassou, Christophe
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Chassignet, Eric
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Coward, Andrew C
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Curry, Beth
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Danabasoglu, Gokhan
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Roth, Christina
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Voldoire, Aurore
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Wang, Xuezhu
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Yeager, Steve G.
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Ilıcak, Mehmet
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Drange, Helge
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Wang, Qiang
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Gerdes, Rüdiger
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Aksenov, Yevgeny
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Curry, Beth
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Roth, Christina
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Samuels, Bonita L.
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Tsujino, Hiroyuki
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Valcke, Sophie
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Yeager, Steve G.
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Ilıcak, Mehmet, Drange, Helge, Wang, Qiang, Gerdes, Rüdiger, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Bailey, David, Bentsen, Mats, Biastoch, Arne, Bozec, Alexandra, Böning, Claus, Cassou, Christophe, Chassignet, Eric, Coward, Andrew C, Curry, Beth, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Fernandez, Elodie, Fogli, Pier Giuseppe, Fujii, Yosuke, Griffies, Stephen M., Iovino, Doroteaciro, Jahn, Alexandra, Jung, Thomas, Large, William G., Lee, Craig, Lique, Camille, Lu, Jianhua, Masina, Simona, Nurser, A.J. George, Roth, Christina, Salas y Mélia, David, Samuels, Bonita L., Spence, Paul, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Valcke, Sophie, Voldoire, Aurore, Wang, Xuezhu and Yeager, Steve G. (2016) An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes. Ocean Modelling, 100, 141-161. (doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004).

Record type: Article

Abstract

In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean–sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the shelves.

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Published date: April 2016
Keywords: Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Water, St. Anna Trough, Density currents, CORE-II atmospheric forcing
Organisations: Marine Systems Modelling

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 393185
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/393185
ISSN: 1463-5003
PURE UUID: 65a980bc-dacc-4359-b54e-f49999afcd6a

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Date deposited: 21 Apr 2016 10:32
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 23:57

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Contributors

Author: Mehmet Ilıcak
Author: Helge Drange
Author: Qiang Wang
Author: Rüdiger Gerdes
Author: Yevgeny Aksenov
Author: David Bailey
Author: Mats Bentsen
Author: Arne Biastoch
Author: Alexandra Bozec
Author: Claus Böning
Author: Christophe Cassou
Author: Eric Chassignet
Author: Andrew C Coward
Author: Beth Curry
Author: Gokhan Danabasoglu
Author: Sergey Danilov
Author: Elodie Fernandez
Author: Pier Giuseppe Fogli
Author: Yosuke Fujii
Author: Stephen M. Griffies
Author: Doroteaciro Iovino
Author: Alexandra Jahn
Author: Thomas Jung
Author: William G. Large
Author: Craig Lee
Author: Camille Lique
Author: Jianhua Lu
Author: Simona Masina
Author: A.J. George Nurser
Author: Christina Roth
Author: David Salas y Mélia
Author: Bonita L. Samuels
Author: Paul Spence
Author: Hiroyuki Tsujino
Author: Sophie Valcke
Author: Aurore Voldoire
Author: Xuezhu Wang
Author: Steve G. Yeager

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