Development, epigenetics and metabolic programming
Development, epigenetics and metabolic programming
It is now widely recognized that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the ‘programming' of far-reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other noncommunicable diseases in later life. We have shown that greater childhood adiposity is associated with higher maternal adiposity, low maternal vitamin D status, excessive gestational weight gain and short duration of breast-feeding; maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and vitamin D status have been linked with childhood bone mineral content and muscle function. Human studies have identified fetal liver blood flow adaptations and epigenetic changes as potential mechanisms that could link maternal influences with offspring body composition. In experimental studies, there is now substantial evidence that the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs, can induce changes in gene expression without a change in DNA base sequence. Such processes are involved in cell differentiation and genomic imprinting, as well as the phenomenon of developmental plasticity in response to environmental influences. Elucidation of such epigenetic processes may enable early intervention strategies to improve early development and growth.
71-80
Godfrey, Keith
0931701e-fe2c-44b5-8f0d-ec5c7477a6fd
Costello, Paula
8fc5c643-2d38-4443-975a-8704af2fa755
Lillycrop, Karen
eeaaa78d-0c4d-4033-a178-60ce7345a2cc
18 April 2016
Godfrey, Keith
0931701e-fe2c-44b5-8f0d-ec5c7477a6fd
Costello, Paula
8fc5c643-2d38-4443-975a-8704af2fa755
Lillycrop, Karen
eeaaa78d-0c4d-4033-a178-60ce7345a2cc
Godfrey, Keith, Costello, Paula and Lillycrop, Karen
(2016)
Development, epigenetics and metabolic programming.
Fewtrell, M.S., Haschke, F. and Prescott, S.L
(eds.)
In Preventive Aspects of Early Nutrition.
vol. 85,
Karger.
.
(doi:10.1159/000439488).
Record type:
Conference or Workshop Item
(Paper)
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the ‘programming' of far-reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other noncommunicable diseases in later life. We have shown that greater childhood adiposity is associated with higher maternal adiposity, low maternal vitamin D status, excessive gestational weight gain and short duration of breast-feeding; maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and vitamin D status have been linked with childhood bone mineral content and muscle function. Human studies have identified fetal liver blood flow adaptations and epigenetic changes as potential mechanisms that could link maternal influences with offspring body composition. In experimental studies, there is now substantial evidence that the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs, can induce changes in gene expression without a change in DNA base sequence. Such processes are involved in cell differentiation and genomic imprinting, as well as the phenomenon of developmental plasticity in response to environmental influences. Elucidation of such epigenetic processes may enable early intervention strategies to improve early development and growth.
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Published date: 18 April 2016
Venue - Dates:
85th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, London, United Kingdom, 2014-11-01
Organisations:
MRC Life-Course Epidemiology Unit
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 393345
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/393345
PURE UUID: 017a54b5-7a75-4362-9566-895e3579ed10
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Date deposited: 26 Apr 2016 08:32
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:49
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Contributors
Author:
Paula Costello
Editor:
M.S. Fewtrell
Editor:
F. Haschke
Editor:
S.L Prescott
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