Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
We report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri-halide anions, [GeCl3]?, [GeBr3]? and [GeI3]?, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1?MPa and 358?K. The voltammetry shows mass-transport-limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4??m of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri-halides are in the order [GeCl3]? <[GeBr3]? <[GeI3]?, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1?MPa and 358?K, using either 16?mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60?mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16?mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3??m?h?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix
726-733
Cummings, Charles
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Bartlett, Philip N.
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Pugh, David
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Reid, Gill
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Levason, William
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Hasan, Mahboba
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Hector, Andrew
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Spencer, Joe
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Smith, David C.
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Marks, Samuel
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Beanland, Richard
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2 March 2016
Cummings, Charles
37ed515b-eb09-4c6b-9c66-61013c8c132a
Bartlett, Philip N.
d99446db-a59d-4f89-96eb-f64b5d8bb075
Pugh, David
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Reid, Gill
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Levason, William
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Hasan, Mahboba
fdb892ba-7f72-4e59-98c1-f070733840c9
Hector, Andrew
f19a8f31-b37f-4474-b32a-b7cf05b9f0e5
Spencer, Joe
56254311-5dbf-4901-a386-f1b3f91846d2
Smith, David C.
cc2ef49e-7c4a-4476-9ed0-18ec22976bf1
Marks, Samuel
496b286b-3040-4089-8d32-1f9452715cd3
Beanland, Richard
b8f4ba50-f35d-4880-9b97-ce2bcb1bd57a
Cummings, Charles, Bartlett, Philip N., Pugh, David, Reid, Gill, Levason, William, Hasan, Mahboba, Hector, Andrew, Spencer, Joe, Smith, David C., Marks, Samuel and Beanland, Richard
(2016)
Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane.
ChemElectroChem, 3 (5), .
(doi:10.1002/celc.201500539).
Abstract
We report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri-halide anions, [GeCl3]?, [GeBr3]? and [GeI3]?, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1?MPa and 358?K. The voltammetry shows mass-transport-limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4??m of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri-halides are in the order [GeCl3]? <[GeBr3]? <[GeI3]?, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1?MPa and 358?K, using either 16?mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60?mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16?mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3??m?h?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix
Text
SCFED EMIM GeX3_revised.pdf
- Accepted Manuscript
Text
SCFED EMIM GeX3_Supporting infomation 8.pdf
- Other
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Accepted/In Press date: 19 February 2016
Published date: 2 March 2016
Organisations:
Electrochemistry
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 396250
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/396250
PURE UUID: 11cb2bc0-689e-4b61-90b9-4cd1121869b4
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Date deposited: 06 Jun 2016 13:08
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:52
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Author:
Charles Cummings
Author:
David Pugh
Author:
Mahboba Hasan
Author:
Joe Spencer
Author:
David C. Smith
Author:
Samuel Marks
Author:
Richard Beanland
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