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Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane

Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
We report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri-halide anions, [GeCl3]?, [GeBr3]? and [GeI3]?, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1?MPa and 358?K. The voltammetry shows mass-transport-limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4??m of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri-halides are in the order [GeCl3]? <[GeBr3]? <[GeI3]?, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1?MPa and 358?K, using either 16?mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60?mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16?mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3??m?h?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix
726-733
Cummings, Charles
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Bartlett, Philip N.
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Pugh, David
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Reid, Gill
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Levason, William
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Hasan, Mahboba
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Hector, Andrew
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Spencer, Joe
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Smith, David C.
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Marks, Samuel
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Beanland, Richard
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Cummings, Charles
37ed515b-eb09-4c6b-9c66-61013c8c132a
Bartlett, Philip N.
d99446db-a59d-4f89-96eb-f64b5d8bb075
Pugh, David
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Reid, Gill
37d35b11-40ce-48c5-a68e-f6ce04cd4037
Levason, William
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Hasan, Mahboba
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Hector, Andrew
f19a8f31-b37f-4474-b32a-b7cf05b9f0e5
Spencer, Joe
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Smith, David C.
cc2ef49e-7c4a-4476-9ed0-18ec22976bf1
Marks, Samuel
496b286b-3040-4089-8d32-1f9452715cd3
Beanland, Richard
b8f4ba50-f35d-4880-9b97-ce2bcb1bd57a

Cummings, Charles, Bartlett, Philip N., Pugh, David, Reid, Gill, Levason, William, Hasan, Mahboba, Hector, Andrew, Spencer, Joe, Smith, David C., Marks, Samuel and Beanland, Richard (2016) Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane. ChemElectroChem, 3 (5), 726-733. (doi:10.1002/celc.201500539).

Record type: Article

Abstract

We report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri-halide anions, [GeCl3]?, [GeBr3]? and [GeI3]?, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1?MPa and 358?K. The voltammetry shows mass-transport-limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4??m of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri-halides are in the order [GeCl3]? <[GeBr3]? <[GeI3]?, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1?MPa and 358?K, using either 16?mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60?mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16?mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60?mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3??m?h?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix

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Accepted/In Press date: 19 February 2016
Published date: 2 March 2016
Organisations: Electrochemistry

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Local EPrints ID: 396250
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/396250
PURE UUID: 11cb2bc0-689e-4b61-90b9-4cd1121869b4
ORCID for Philip N. Bartlett: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-6900
ORCID for Gill Reid: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-3468
ORCID for William Levason: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3540-0971
ORCID for Andrew Hector: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-2163

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Date deposited: 06 Jun 2016 13:08
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:52

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Contributors

Author: Charles Cummings
Author: David Pugh
Author: Gill Reid ORCID iD
Author: William Levason ORCID iD
Author: Mahboba Hasan
Author: Andrew Hector ORCID iD
Author: Joe Spencer
Author: David C. Smith
Author: Samuel Marks
Author: Richard Beanland

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