Increased "hindsight bias" in schizophrenia

Woodward, Todd S., Moritz, Steffen, Arnold, Michelle M., Cuttler, Carrie, Whitman, Jennifer C. and Lindsay, D. Stephen (2006) Increased "hindsight bias" in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 20 (4), 461-467.

Abstract

An underlying theme common to the most prominent theoretical accounts of cognition and schizophrenia is that information processing is disproportionately influenced by recently/currently processed information relative to the influence of previously learned information. In the current study, we tested the this account using the knew-it-all-along (KIA) or hindsight bias paradigm, which demonstrates that newly acquired knowledge influences recall of past events, typically without the awareness of the subject. In line with the account that schizophrenia patients display a disproportionately strong influence of recently processed information relative to the influence of previously learned information, patients displayed a KIA effect that was significantly greater than controls. This result is discussed in the context of the cognitive underpinnings of the KIA effect and delusion formation.

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