Tartaglia, L., Sand, D. J., Smartt, S. J., Fraser, M., McCully, C., Anderson, J. P., Arcavi, I., Galbany, L., Gal-Yam, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Howell, D. A., Inserra, C., Jha, S. W., Lundqvist, P., Maguire, K., Smith, M., Stritzinger, M. and Sullivan, M. (2017) The Progenitor and Early Evolution of the Type IIb SN 2016gkg. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 836 (1). (doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa5c7f).
Abstract
We report initial observations and analysis on the Type IIb SN 2016gkg in the nearby galaxy NGC 613. SN 2016gkg exhibited a clear double-peaked light curve during its early evolution, as evidenced by our intensive photometric follow-up campaign. SN 2016gkg shows strong similarities with other Type IIb SNe, in particular, with respect to the He i emission features observed in both the optical and near-infrared. SN 2016gkg evolved faster than the prototypical Type IIb SN 1993J, with a decline similar to that of SN 2011dh after the first peak. The analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope images indicate a pre-explosion source at SN 2016gkg’s position, suggesting a progenitor star with a ˜mid-F spectral type and initial mass 15{--}20 M {}⊙ , depending on the distance modulus adopted for NGC 613. Modeling the temperature evolution within 5 {days} of explosion, we obtain a progenitor radius of ˜ 48{--}124 R {}⊙ , smaller than that obtained from the analysis of the pre-explosion images (240{--}320 R {}⊙ ).
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