The contrasting roles of PPARδ and PPARγ in regulating the metabolic switch between oxidation and storage of fats in white adipose tissue
The contrasting roles of PPARδ and PPARγ in regulating the metabolic switch between oxidation and storage of fats in white adipose tissue
Background: The nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) play central roles in regulating metabolism in adipose tissue, as well as being targets for the treatment of insulin resistance. While the role of PPARγ in regulating insulin sensitivity has been well defined, research into PPARδ has been limited until recently due to a scarcity of selective PPARδ agonists.
Results: The metabolic effects of PPARγ and PPARδ activation have been examined in vivo in white adipose tissue from ob/ob mice and in vitro in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry metabolomics to understand the receptors' contrasting roles. These steady state measurements were supplemented with 13C-stable isotope substrate labeling to assess fluxes, in addition to respirometry and transcriptomic microarray analysis. The metabolic effects of the receptors were readily distinguished, with PPARγ activation characterized by increased fat storage, synthesis and elongation, while PPARδ activation caused increased fatty acid β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle rate and oxidation of extracellular branch chain amino acids. Stimulated glycolysis and increased fatty acid desaturation were common pathways for the agonists.
Conclusions: PPARγ and PPARδ restore insulin sensitivity through varying mechanisms. PPARδ activation increases total oxidative metabolism in white adipose tissue, a tissue not traditionally thought of as oxidative. However, the increased metabolism of branch chain amino acids may provide a mechanism for muscle atrophy, which has been linked to activation of this nuclear receptor. PPARδ has a role as an anti-obesity target and as an anti-diabetic, and hence may target both the cause and consequences of dyslipidemia.
1-19
Roberts, Lee D.
b88baf39-097a-4cb5-a448-f39381229837
Murray, Andrew J.
b4710645-e8f4-4d2e-8a31-cf341f98ed20
Menassa, David A.
eeb394a6-c72b-49d7-a820-95b0256c22d5
Ashmore, Tom
3c15ded2-cdd0-4ca1-966e-39dd8dd7f80d
Nicholls, Andrew W.
cab0b7d0-ceda-40c0-9628-86b124278303
Griffin, Julian L.
efbf2925-ee1c-4e28-8e89-c1a70d143928
11 August 2011
Roberts, Lee D.
b88baf39-097a-4cb5-a448-f39381229837
Murray, Andrew J.
b4710645-e8f4-4d2e-8a31-cf341f98ed20
Menassa, David A.
eeb394a6-c72b-49d7-a820-95b0256c22d5
Ashmore, Tom
3c15ded2-cdd0-4ca1-966e-39dd8dd7f80d
Nicholls, Andrew W.
cab0b7d0-ceda-40c0-9628-86b124278303
Griffin, Julian L.
efbf2925-ee1c-4e28-8e89-c1a70d143928
Roberts, Lee D., Murray, Andrew J., Menassa, David A., Ashmore, Tom, Nicholls, Andrew W. and Griffin, Julian L.
(2011)
The contrasting roles of PPARδ and PPARγ in regulating the metabolic switch between oxidation and storage of fats in white adipose tissue.
Genome Biology, 12 (8), , [R75].
(doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-8-r75).
Abstract
Background: The nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) play central roles in regulating metabolism in adipose tissue, as well as being targets for the treatment of insulin resistance. While the role of PPARγ in regulating insulin sensitivity has been well defined, research into PPARδ has been limited until recently due to a scarcity of selective PPARδ agonists.
Results: The metabolic effects of PPARγ and PPARδ activation have been examined in vivo in white adipose tissue from ob/ob mice and in vitro in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry metabolomics to understand the receptors' contrasting roles. These steady state measurements were supplemented with 13C-stable isotope substrate labeling to assess fluxes, in addition to respirometry and transcriptomic microarray analysis. The metabolic effects of the receptors were readily distinguished, with PPARγ activation characterized by increased fat storage, synthesis and elongation, while PPARδ activation caused increased fatty acid β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle rate and oxidation of extracellular branch chain amino acids. Stimulated glycolysis and increased fatty acid desaturation were common pathways for the agonists.
Conclusions: PPARγ and PPARδ restore insulin sensitivity through varying mechanisms. PPARδ activation increases total oxidative metabolism in white adipose tissue, a tissue not traditionally thought of as oxidative. However, the increased metabolism of branch chain amino acids may provide a mechanism for muscle atrophy, which has been linked to activation of this nuclear receptor. PPARδ has a role as an anti-obesity target and as an anti-diabetic, and hence may target both the cause and consequences of dyslipidemia.
Text
gb-2011-12-8-r75
- Version of Record
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 11 August 2011
Published date: 11 August 2011
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 415035
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/415035
ISSN: 1474-7596
PURE UUID: f081b654-929a-4826-92c6-0e34766f8fc9
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 23 Oct 2017 16:30
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 16:32
Export record
Altmetrics
Contributors
Author:
Lee D. Roberts
Author:
Andrew J. Murray
Author:
David A. Menassa
Author:
Tom Ashmore
Author:
Andrew W. Nicholls
Author:
Julian L. Griffin
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.
View more statistics