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Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: examples from Lake Hazar, Turkey

Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: examples from Lake Hazar, Turkey
Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: examples from Lake Hazar, Turkey
Turbidity currents and their deposits can be investigated using several methods, i.e. direct monitoring, physical and numerical modelling, sediment cores and outcrops. The present study focused on thin clayey sand turbidites found in Lake Hazar (Turkey) occurring in eleven clusters of closely spaced thin beds. Depositional processes and sources for three of those eleven clusters are studied at three coring sites. Bathymetrical data and seismic reflection profiles are used to understand the specific geomorphology of each site. X-ray, thin sections and CT scan imagery combined with grain-size, geochemical and mineralogical measurements on the cores allow characterization of the turbidites. Turbidites included in each cluster were produced by remobilization of surficial slope sediment, a process identified in very few studies worldwide. Three types of turbidites are distinguished and compared with deposits obtained in flume studies published in the literature. Type 1 is made of an ungraded clayey silt layer issued from a cohesive flow. Type 2 is composed of a partially graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap, attributed to a transitional flow. Type 3 corresponds to a graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap issued from a turbulence-dominated flow. While the published experimental studies show that turbulence is damped by cohesion for low clay content, type 3 deposits of this study show evidence for a turbulence-dominated mechanism despite their high clay content. This divergence may in part relate to input variables, such as water chemistry and clay mineralogy, that are not routinely considered in experimental studies. Furthermore, the large sedimentological variety observed in the turbidites from one coring site to another is related to the evolution of a sediment flow within a field-scale basin made of a complex physiography that cannot be tackled by flume experiments.
0037-0746
1929-1956
Hage, Sophie
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Hubert-Ferrari, Aurélia
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Lamair, Laura
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Avşar, Ulaş
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El Ouahabi, Meriam
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Van Daele, Maarten
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Boulvain, Frédéric
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Ali Bahri, Mohamed
adbf09f6-85b4-479e-b4c5-d53a17f8028b
Seret, Alain
9972cc36-d55a-4563-96b6-ceef45cdc0d8
Plenevaux, Alain
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Baas, Jaco
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Hage, Sophie
a914d294-89b9-4686-94f3-e3d7b0c41d76
Hubert-Ferrari, Aurélia
0595a540-0972-4bf0-aaf5-532610addfb4
Lamair, Laura
1cbee1d2-1021-4dc1-97bf-d8e889ec4440
Avşar, Ulaş
4ffaa957-fef6-4bfd-b25e-f4d8071a5e04
El Ouahabi, Meriam
f8c8edba-b1a0-4164-9b6e-d5fa3b933aca
Van Daele, Maarten
6aea1fe6-fd49-44e6-bf5e-31833a6220f8
Boulvain, Frédéric
72059f53-ecff-4cf0-8051-65809f64a4d3
Ali Bahri, Mohamed
adbf09f6-85b4-479e-b4c5-d53a17f8028b
Seret, Alain
9972cc36-d55a-4563-96b6-ceef45cdc0d8
Plenevaux, Alain
81bf71d6-c695-4f31-830d-393459163da2
Baas, Jaco
b0769c25-0a5a-460d-9c7d-5b4d53e5d09a

Hage, Sophie, Hubert-Ferrari, Aurélia, Lamair, Laura, Avşar, Ulaş, El Ouahabi, Meriam, Van Daele, Maarten, Boulvain, Frédéric, Ali Bahri, Mohamed, Seret, Alain and Plenevaux, Alain , Baas, Jaco (ed.) (2017) Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: examples from Lake Hazar, Turkey. Sedimentology, 64 (7), 1929-1956. (doi:10.1111/sed.2017.64.issue-7).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Turbidity currents and their deposits can be investigated using several methods, i.e. direct monitoring, physical and numerical modelling, sediment cores and outcrops. The present study focused on thin clayey sand turbidites found in Lake Hazar (Turkey) occurring in eleven clusters of closely spaced thin beds. Depositional processes and sources for three of those eleven clusters are studied at three coring sites. Bathymetrical data and seismic reflection profiles are used to understand the specific geomorphology of each site. X-ray, thin sections and CT scan imagery combined with grain-size, geochemical and mineralogical measurements on the cores allow characterization of the turbidites. Turbidites included in each cluster were produced by remobilization of surficial slope sediment, a process identified in very few studies worldwide. Three types of turbidites are distinguished and compared with deposits obtained in flume studies published in the literature. Type 1 is made of an ungraded clayey silt layer issued from a cohesive flow. Type 2 is composed of a partially graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap, attributed to a transitional flow. Type 3 corresponds to a graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap issued from a turbulence-dominated flow. While the published experimental studies show that turbulence is damped by cohesion for low clay content, type 3 deposits of this study show evidence for a turbulence-dominated mechanism despite their high clay content. This divergence may in part relate to input variables, such as water chemistry and clay mineralogy, that are not routinely considered in experimental studies. Furthermore, the large sedimentological variety observed in the turbidites from one coring site to another is related to the evolution of a sediment flow within a field-scale basin made of a complex physiography that cannot be tackled by flume experiments.

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Accepted/In Press date: 12 April 2017
Published date: 1 December 2017

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 416050
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/416050
ISSN: 0037-0746
PURE UUID: 0f18e8a5-26bc-4c8b-a45b-033bff5f4cdc

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Date deposited: 01 Dec 2017 17:30
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 17:09

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Contributors

Author: Sophie Hage
Author: Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari
Author: Laura Lamair
Author: Ulaş Avşar
Author: Meriam El Ouahabi
Author: Maarten Van Daele
Author: Frédéric Boulvain
Author: Mohamed Ali Bahri
Author: Alain Seret
Author: Alain Plenevaux
Editor: Jaco Baas

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