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Impact of rapid urbanization on the City of Bhubaneswar, India

Impact of rapid urbanization on the City of Bhubaneswar, India
Impact of rapid urbanization on the City of Bhubaneswar, India
Rapid and unplanned urbanization of cities has been a cause of great concern world over. Increased urbanization has immensely altered the Land Use pattern of several Indian cities, thereby altering the physical properties of the land surface. The pronounced effect of urban heat island (UHI) apart from the acute stress on limited natural resources are consequences of this rapid urbanization. UHI effect manifests as unexpected rise in city temperatures when compared to their surrounding areas, thus making them unfriendly for habitation over time. The present work analyses the effect of UHI on Bhubaneswar, an Indian city undergoing rapid urbanization in recent times, utilizing land use and land cover (LULC) change data from Landsat over a 25 km radius about the city and MODIS land surface temperatures (LST) at 1 km2 spatial resolution for a period of 15 years (2000–2014). From the study, significant changes in LULC through over-exploitation of natural resources and the related spatio-temporal variations in LST has been identified as one major factor responsible for changes in the UHI effect over Bhubaneswar. Owing to rapid urbanization (83% increase in 15 years), the city has undergone major changes in LULC aggregating to a massive ~ 89% decrease in dense vegetation and ~ 83% decrease in crop fields over this time period. Analyses of the changes in the urban energy balance and resulting UHI effect across many such Indian cities undergoing rapid urban growth is quite essential for mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization for a long-term sustainability.
0369-8203
845-853
Swain, D.
52208ea4-5d39-40b3-98d0-c8e760add553
Roberts, G.J.
fa1fc728-44bf-4dc2-8a66-166034093ef2
Dash, J.
51468afb-3d56-4d3a-aace-736b63e9fac8
Lekshmi, K.
763b21c2-a6bd-42fc-985f-5d7c4b2b919e
Vinoj, V.
f4571846-9f02-40d3-90fb-cdf15dbd00e6
Tripathy, S.
5f619770-42e5-4621-8c50-533392c62f59
Swain, D.
52208ea4-5d39-40b3-98d0-c8e760add553
Roberts, G.J.
fa1fc728-44bf-4dc2-8a66-166034093ef2
Dash, J.
51468afb-3d56-4d3a-aace-736b63e9fac8
Lekshmi, K.
763b21c2-a6bd-42fc-985f-5d7c4b2b919e
Vinoj, V.
f4571846-9f02-40d3-90fb-cdf15dbd00e6
Tripathy, S.
5f619770-42e5-4621-8c50-533392c62f59

Swain, D., Roberts, G.J., Dash, J., Lekshmi, K., Vinoj, V. and Tripathy, S. (2017) Impact of rapid urbanization on the City of Bhubaneswar, India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, 87 (4), 845-853. (doi:10.1007/s40010-017-0453-7).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Rapid and unplanned urbanization of cities has been a cause of great concern world over. Increased urbanization has immensely altered the Land Use pattern of several Indian cities, thereby altering the physical properties of the land surface. The pronounced effect of urban heat island (UHI) apart from the acute stress on limited natural resources are consequences of this rapid urbanization. UHI effect manifests as unexpected rise in city temperatures when compared to their surrounding areas, thus making them unfriendly for habitation over time. The present work analyses the effect of UHI on Bhubaneswar, an Indian city undergoing rapid urbanization in recent times, utilizing land use and land cover (LULC) change data from Landsat over a 25 km radius about the city and MODIS land surface temperatures (LST) at 1 km2 spatial resolution for a period of 15 years (2000–2014). From the study, significant changes in LULC through over-exploitation of natural resources and the related spatio-temporal variations in LST has been identified as one major factor responsible for changes in the UHI effect over Bhubaneswar. Owing to rapid urbanization (83% increase in 15 years), the city has undergone major changes in LULC aggregating to a massive ~ 89% decrease in dense vegetation and ~ 83% decrease in crop fields over this time period. Analyses of the changes in the urban energy balance and resulting UHI effect across many such Indian cities undergoing rapid urban growth is quite essential for mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization for a long-term sustainability.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 11 August 2017
e-pub ahead of print date: 24 November 2017
Published date: December 2017

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 417027
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/417027
ISSN: 0369-8203
PURE UUID: a11551eb-955c-477c-834f-05f82afe2142
ORCID for G.J. Roberts: ORCID iD orcid.org/0009-0007-3431-041X
ORCID for J. Dash: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-2109

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Date deposited: 17 Jan 2018 17:30
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 04:07

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Contributors

Author: D. Swain
Author: G.J. Roberts ORCID iD
Author: J. Dash ORCID iD
Author: K. Lekshmi
Author: V. Vinoj
Author: S. Tripathy

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