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Detection of long repeat expansions from PCR-free whole-genome sequence data

Detection of long repeat expansions from PCR-free whole-genome sequence data
Detection of long repeat expansions from PCR-free whole-genome sequence data

Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. We developed a software tool called ExpansionHunter that, using PCR-free WGS short-read data, can genotype repeats at the locus of interest, even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length. We applied our algorithm to WGS data from 3001 ALS patients who have been tested for the presence of the C9orf72 repeat expansion with repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR). Compared against this truth data, ExpansionHunter correctly classified all (212/212, 95% CI [0.98, 1.00]) of the expanded samples as either expansions (208) or potential expansions (4). Additionally, 99.9% (2786/2789, 95% CI [0.997, 1.00]) of the wild-type samples were correctly classified as wild type by this method with the remaining three samples identified as possible expansions. We further applied our algorithm to a set of 152 samples in which every sample had one of eight different pathogenic repeat expansions, including those associated with fragile X syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, and Huntington's disease, and correctly flagged all but one of the known repeat expansions. Thus, ExpansionHunter can be used to accurately detect known pathogenic repeat expansions and provides researchers with a tool that can be used to identify new pathogenic repeat expansions.

Journal Article
1088-9051
1895-1903
Dolzhenko, Egor
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van Vugt, Joke J.F.A.
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Shaw, Richard J
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Bekritsky, Mitchell A
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van Blitterswijk, Marka
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Narzisi, Giuseppe
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Ajay, Subramanian S.
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Rajan, Vani
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Lajoie, Bryan R.
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Johnson, Nathan H.
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Kingsbury, Zoya
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Humphray, Sean J.
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Schellevis, Raymond D
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Brands, William J.
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Baker, Matt
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Rademakers, Rosa
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Kooyman, Maarten
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Tazelaar, Gijs H.P.
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van Es, Michael A.
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McLaughlin, Russell
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Sproviero, William
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Shatunov, Aleksey
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Jones, Ashley
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Al Khleifat, Ahmad
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Pittman, Alan
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Morgan, Sarah
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Hardiman, Orla
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Al-Chalabi, Ammar
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Shaw, Chris
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Smith, Bradley
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Neo, Edmund J.
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Morrison, Karen
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Shaw, Pamela J.
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Reeves, Catherine
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Winterkorn, Lara
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Wexler, Nancy S.
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Housman, David E.
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Ng, Christopher W.
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Li, Alina L.
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Taft, Ryan J.
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van den Berg, Leonard H.
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Bentley, David R.
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Veldink, Jan H.
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Eberle, Michael A.
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US–Venezuela Collaborative Research Group
Dolzhenko, Egor
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van Vugt, Joke J.F.A.
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Shaw, Richard J
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Bekritsky, Mitchell A
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van Blitterswijk, Marka
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Narzisi, Giuseppe
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Ajay, Subramanian S.
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Rajan, Vani
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Lajoie, Bryan R.
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Johnson, Nathan H.
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Kingsbury, Zoya
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Humphray, Sean J.
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Schellevis, Raymond D
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Brands, William J.
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Baker, Matt
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Rademakers, Rosa
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Kooyman, Maarten
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Tazelaar, Gijs H.P.
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van Es, Michael A.
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McLaughlin, Russell
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Sproviero, William
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Shatunov, Aleksey
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Jones, Ashley
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Al Khleifat, Ahmad
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Pittman, Alan
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Morgan, Sarah
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Hardiman, Orla
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Al-Chalabi, Ammar
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Shaw, Chris
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Smith, Bradley
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Neo, Edmund J.
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Morrison, Karen
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Shaw, Pamela J.
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Reeves, Catherine
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Winterkorn, Lara
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Wexler, Nancy S.
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Housman, David E.
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Ng, Christopher W.
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Li, Alina L.
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Taft, Ryan J.
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van den Berg, Leonard H.
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Bentley, David R.
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Veldink, Jan H.
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Eberle, Michael A.
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Dolzhenko, Egor, van Vugt, Joke J.F.A., Shaw, Richard J, Bekritsky, Mitchell A, van Blitterswijk, Marka, Narzisi, Giuseppe, Ajay, Subramanian S., Rajan, Vani, Lajoie, Bryan R., Johnson, Nathan H., Kingsbury, Zoya, Humphray, Sean J., Schellevis, Raymond D, Brands, William J., Baker, Matt, Rademakers, Rosa, Kooyman, Maarten, Tazelaar, Gijs H.P., van Es, Michael A., McLaughlin, Russell, Sproviero, William, Shatunov, Aleksey, Jones, Ashley, Al Khleifat, Ahmad, Pittman, Alan, Morgan, Sarah, Hardiman, Orla, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Shaw, Chris, Smith, Bradley, Neo, Edmund J., Morrison, Karen, Shaw, Pamela J., Reeves, Catherine, Winterkorn, Lara, Wexler, Nancy S., Housman, David E., Ng, Christopher W., Li, Alina L., Taft, Ryan J., van den Berg, Leonard H., Bentley, David R., Veldink, Jan H. and Eberle, Michael A. , US–Venezuela Collaborative Research Group (2017) Detection of long repeat expansions from PCR-free whole-genome sequence data. Genome Research, 27 (11), 1895-1903. (doi:10.1101/gr.225672.117).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. We developed a software tool called ExpansionHunter that, using PCR-free WGS short-read data, can genotype repeats at the locus of interest, even if the expanded repeat is larger than the read length. We applied our algorithm to WGS data from 3001 ALS patients who have been tested for the presence of the C9orf72 repeat expansion with repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR). Compared against this truth data, ExpansionHunter correctly classified all (212/212, 95% CI [0.98, 1.00]) of the expanded samples as either expansions (208) or potential expansions (4). Additionally, 99.9% (2786/2789, 95% CI [0.997, 1.00]) of the wild-type samples were correctly classified as wild type by this method with the remaining three samples identified as possible expansions. We further applied our algorithm to a set of 152 samples in which every sample had one of eight different pathogenic repeat expansions, including those associated with fragile X syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, and Huntington's disease, and correctly flagged all but one of the known repeat expansions. Thus, ExpansionHunter can be used to accurately detect known pathogenic repeat expansions and provides researchers with a tool that can be used to identify new pathogenic repeat expansions.

Text
Genome Res.-2017-Dolzhenko-1895-903 - Version of Record
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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Accepted/In Press date: 28 August 2017
e-pub ahead of print date: 8 September 2017
Published date: November 2017
Keywords: Journal Article

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 417051
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/417051
ISSN: 1088-9051
PURE UUID: 1737088b-a632-4b2e-846f-273755284d46
ORCID for Karen Morrison: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5717

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Date deposited: 18 Jan 2018 17:30
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 17:59

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Contributors

Author: Egor Dolzhenko
Author: Joke J.F.A. van Vugt
Author: Richard J Shaw
Author: Mitchell A Bekritsky
Author: Marka van Blitterswijk
Author: Giuseppe Narzisi
Author: Subramanian S. Ajay
Author: Vani Rajan
Author: Bryan R. Lajoie
Author: Nathan H. Johnson
Author: Zoya Kingsbury
Author: Sean J. Humphray
Author: Raymond D Schellevis
Author: William J. Brands
Author: Matt Baker
Author: Rosa Rademakers
Author: Maarten Kooyman
Author: Gijs H.P. Tazelaar
Author: Michael A. van Es
Author: Russell McLaughlin
Author: William Sproviero
Author: Aleksey Shatunov
Author: Ashley Jones
Author: Ahmad Al Khleifat
Author: Alan Pittman
Author: Sarah Morgan
Author: Orla Hardiman
Author: Ammar Al-Chalabi
Author: Chris Shaw
Author: Bradley Smith
Author: Edmund J. Neo
Author: Karen Morrison ORCID iD
Author: Pamela J. Shaw
Author: Catherine Reeves
Author: Lara Winterkorn
Author: Nancy S. Wexler
Author: David E. Housman
Author: Christopher W. Ng
Author: Alina L. Li
Author: Ryan J. Taft
Author: Leonard H. van den Berg
Author: David R. Bentley
Author: Jan H. Veldink
Author: Michael A. Eberle
Corporate Author: US–Venezuela Collaborative Research Group

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