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Point of care urine culture to inform appropriate antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care (POETIC):: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness

Point of care urine culture to inform appropriate antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care (POETIC):: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness
Point of care urine culture to inform appropriate antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care (POETIC):: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness
Background: urinary tract infection (UTI) is common and widespread use of antibiotics contributes to antimicrobial resistance. The effectiveness of point of care test (POCT) for urine culture is unknown.

Aim /Design: individually randomised trial of the clinical and cost effectiveness of Flexicult™ SSI-Urinary Kit (that identifies and quantifies bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility) to guide antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated UTI in adult women in primary care vs. standard care.

Methods: multi-level regression compared outcomes between the two groups controlling for clustering.

Results: 329 were randomised to POCT and 325 to standard care. Mean age was 47.6, and 90% had two or more of dysuria, frequency and urgency. 82.4% of women randomised to POCT and 88.4% to standard care were prescribed antibiotics at the initial consultation. Clinicians indicated that they had changed management in response to the test result for 190 (63.1%) of 301: 14 (7.4%) were advised not to start taking an antibiotic, 10 (5.3%) were advised to stop taking an antibiotic they had already started, 29 (15.3%) to start taking an antibiotic, 63 (33.2%) to keep taking an antibiotic that was prescribed at the baseline visit, and 74 (38.9%) were prescribed a new antibiotic. Despite this, there was no significant difference in antibiotic use that was concordant with laboratory culture results (primary outcome) at day 3 (39.3% POCT culture vs. 44.1% standard care, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.20), and there was no evidence of any differences in recovery, patient enablement, UTI recurrences, re-consultation and hospitalisations at follow up. POCT culture was not cost-effective.

Conclusions: point of care urine culture marginally reduced initial antibiotic prescribing and resulted in changed management for two thirds of women, but it did not achieve more concordant antibiotic use overall or improve patient reported outcomes including patient enablement, and therefore was neither clinically nor cost effective when used mainly to adjust immediate antibiotic prescriptions. Further research should explore approaches to encourage use of the test to guide initiation of ‘delayed antibiotics’.
0960-1643
Moore, Michael
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Butler, Christopher C. Butler
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Francis, Nick A.
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Thomas-Jones, Emma
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Longo, Mirella
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Wootton, Mandy
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Llor, Carl
a7fcfced-28f4-4771-8ca5-2c1ce2095d61
Little, Paul
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Bates, J.
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Pickles, T.
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Kirby, N.
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Gillespie, D.
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Rumsby, Kate
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Brugman, C.
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Gal, M.
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Hood, K.
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Verheij, T.
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Moore, Michael
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Butler, Christopher C. Butler
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Francis, Nick A.
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Thomas-Jones, Emma
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Longo, Mirella
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Wootton, Mandy
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Llor, Carl
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Little, Paul
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Bates, J.
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Pickles, T.
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Kirby, N.
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Gillespie, D.
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Rumsby, Kate
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Brugman, C.
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Gal, M.
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Hood, K.
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Verheij, T.
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Moore, Michael, Butler, Christopher C. Butler, Francis, Nick A., Thomas-Jones, Emma, Longo, Mirella, Wootton, Mandy, Llor, Carl, Little, Paul, Bates, J., Pickles, T., Kirby, N., Gillespie, D., Rumsby, Kate, Brugman, C., Gal, M., Hood, K. and Verheij, T. (2018) Point of care urine culture to inform appropriate antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary care (POETIC):: a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness. British Journal of General Practice.

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: urinary tract infection (UTI) is common and widespread use of antibiotics contributes to antimicrobial resistance. The effectiveness of point of care test (POCT) for urine culture is unknown.

Aim /Design: individually randomised trial of the clinical and cost effectiveness of Flexicult™ SSI-Urinary Kit (that identifies and quantifies bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility) to guide antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated UTI in adult women in primary care vs. standard care.

Methods: multi-level regression compared outcomes between the two groups controlling for clustering.

Results: 329 were randomised to POCT and 325 to standard care. Mean age was 47.6, and 90% had two or more of dysuria, frequency and urgency. 82.4% of women randomised to POCT and 88.4% to standard care were prescribed antibiotics at the initial consultation. Clinicians indicated that they had changed management in response to the test result for 190 (63.1%) of 301: 14 (7.4%) were advised not to start taking an antibiotic, 10 (5.3%) were advised to stop taking an antibiotic they had already started, 29 (15.3%) to start taking an antibiotic, 63 (33.2%) to keep taking an antibiotic that was prescribed at the baseline visit, and 74 (38.9%) were prescribed a new antibiotic. Despite this, there was no significant difference in antibiotic use that was concordant with laboratory culture results (primary outcome) at day 3 (39.3% POCT culture vs. 44.1% standard care, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.20), and there was no evidence of any differences in recovery, patient enablement, UTI recurrences, re-consultation and hospitalisations at follow up. POCT culture was not cost-effective.

Conclusions: point of care urine culture marginally reduced initial antibiotic prescribing and resulted in changed management for two thirds of women, but it did not achieve more concordant antibiotic use overall or improve patient reported outcomes including patient enablement, and therefore was neither clinically nor cost effective when used mainly to adjust immediate antibiotic prescriptions. Further research should explore approaches to encourage use of the test to guide initiation of ‘delayed antibiotics’.

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BUtler POETIC TRIAL BJGP_ - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 26 October 2017
Published date: 2018

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 419625
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/419625
ISSN: 0960-1643
PURE UUID: 5cfe7873-fcca-41cd-8ea9-86f88ca51fa3
ORCID for Michael Moore: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-4509
ORCID for Paul Little: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-1873
ORCID for Kate Rumsby: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-3718

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Date deposited: 16 Apr 2018 16:30
Last modified: 12 Jul 2024 04:01

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Contributors

Author: Michael Moore ORCID iD
Author: Christopher C. Butler Butler
Author: Nick A. Francis
Author: Emma Thomas-Jones
Author: Mirella Longo
Author: Mandy Wootton
Author: Carl Llor
Author: Paul Little ORCID iD
Author: J. Bates
Author: T. Pickles
Author: N. Kirby
Author: D. Gillespie
Author: Kate Rumsby ORCID iD
Author: C. Brugman
Author: M. Gal
Author: K. Hood
Author: T. Verheij

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