Can peptides be orally-delivered in crustaceans? The case study of the Crustacean Hyperglycaemic Hormone in Procambarus clarkii

Manfrin, Chiara, Piazza, Federica, Cocchietto, Moreno, Antcheva, Nikolinka, Masiello, Domenico, Franceschin, Andrea, Peruzza, Luca, Bonzi, Lucrezia C., Mosco, Alessandro, Guarnaccia, Corrado, Sava, Gianni and Giulianini, Piero Giulio (2016) Can peptides be orally-delivered in crustaceans? The case study of the Crustacean Hyperglycaemic Hormone in Procambarus clarkii. Aquaculture, 463, 209-216. (doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.044).

Abstract

The oral administration of substances in crustaceans is a growing field of research, and is considered the most effective way to convey elements in their body instead injections or other invasive techniques. It presents huge potentialities, in fact the production of emulsions that preserves the substance to be conveyed until it reaches the target organ finds application in the development of new vaccines, in the convey of substances for aquaculture purposes and in the administration of stressors to contrast the spreading of invasive crustacean species. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard 1852) is one of the most spread invasive species worldwide, but it is also considered among the most economically important freshwater crustacean species. For these reasons it is considered as a paradigmatic species.

The chemical synthesis of the D-Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone isoform (D-Phe-CHH) from P. clarkii is here presented, with its species-specificity, verified through the injection of D-Phe-CHH in both the red swamp crayfish and the threatened European species Austropotamobius italicus (Faxon, 1984). The D-Phe-CHH has been successfully oral-delivered in P. clarkii by using a water/oil/water microemulsion entrapped in a jellified matrix. After the administration of CHH, the glycaemia levels significantly increased in eyestalk-less animals at hour 6, and in intact crayfish at hour 5, from the ingestion.

These encouraging findings pave the way for the use of the double emulsion method to oral administer different peptides to both handle physiological aspects of P. clarkii life cycle for aquaculture purposes and to create species-specific peptides-based mix to hamper the spreading of invasive crayfish populations.

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