Flexible work arrangements and work-family conflict: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies among academics

Abstract

Quantitative research has reported variable and inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between flexible work arrangements (FWA) and work–family conflict (WFC). In this article, we address this inconsistency through the lens of qualitative research. We synthesize the findings of 45 qualitative studies from a variety of disciplines that have explored work–family interface (WFI) among academics whose profession offers high levels of FWA by nature. Analyzing the findings of these qualitative studies, we developed six themes of which five could be translated to moderators of the relationship between FWA and WFC. These moderator variables are boundary management preferences, time management skills and approach, career/family stage, nature of an academic job, and workplace culture. Our findings have theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for work–family and human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners motivated to improve the quality of employees’ work–life through initiation of FWA interventions.

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