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Mutation screening using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: a stratified approach according to DNA quality

Mutation screening using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: a stratified approach according to DNA quality
Mutation screening using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: a stratified approach according to DNA quality

DNA samples from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues are highly degraded with variable quality, and this imposes a big challenge for targeted sequencing due to false positives, largely caused by PCR errors and cytosine deamination. To eliminate false positives, a common practice is to validate the detected variants by Sanger sequencing or perform targeted sequencing in duplicate. Technically, PCR errors could be removed by molecular barcoding of template DNA prior to amplification as in the HaloPlexHS design. Nonetheless, it is uncertain to what extent variants detected using this approach should be further validated. Here, we addressed this question by correlating variant reproducibility with DNA quality using HaloPlexHS target enrichment and Illumina HiSeq4000, together with an in-house validated variant calling algorithm. The overall sequencing coverage, as shown by analyses of 70 genes in 266 cases of large B-cell lymphoma, was excellent (98%) in DNA samples amenable for PCR of ≥400 bp, but suboptimal (92%) and poor (80%) in those amenable for PCR of 300 bp and 200 bp respectively. By mutation analysis in duplicate in 93 cases, we demonstrated that 20 alternative allele depth (AAD) was an optimal cut-off value for separating reproducible from non-reproducible variants in DNA samples amenable for PCR of ≥300 bp, with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. By cross validation with a previously established targeted sequencing protocol by Fluidigm-PCR and Illumina MiSeq, the HaloPlexHS protocol was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in mutation screening. To conclude, we proposed a stratified approach for mutation screening by HaloplexHS and Illumina HiSeq4000 according to DNA quality. DNA samples with good quality (≥400 bp) are amenable for mutation analysis with a single replicate, with only variants at 15–20 AAD requiring for further validation, while those with suboptimal quality (300 bp) are better analysed in duplicate with reproducible variants at >15 AAD regarded as true genetic changes.

0023-6837
1084–1092
Cucco, Francesco
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Clipson, Alexandra
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Kennedy, Hannah
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Sneath Thompson, Joe
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Wang, Ming
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Barrans, Sharon
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van Hoppe, Moniek
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Ochoa Ruiz, Eguzkine
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Caddy, Josh
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Hamid, Debbie
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Cummin, Thomas
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Burton, Cathy
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Davies, Andrew J.
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Johnson, Peter
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Du, Ming Qing
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Cucco, Francesco
4592e677-378e-40cf-81bb-1c9a3dfc16df
Clipson, Alexandra
fd09ae19-0594-4c23-ad4f-c5b800097989
Kennedy, Hannah
f53ffccb-8c1a-4265-884e-0e871689c8ef
Sneath Thompson, Joe
b6d0bd0f-7a31-4a30-ab9f-61608cceb3d8
Wang, Ming
e9175a37-2c3e-473e-9e50-4781f233aef0
Barrans, Sharon
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van Hoppe, Moniek
c5ad6d6e-5442-429d-8be5-5348d4703dae
Ochoa Ruiz, Eguzkine
a7fc028a-d1d0-49c4-81e9-47f2eef83dc4
Caddy, Josh
c9f48059-2d70-45e4-a80a-978bf74fac34
Hamid, Debbie
9e13568d-14a1-463f-8bd7-97e6bf02b62c
Cummin, Thomas
fcce88a2-7ed7-4bde-a5f5-3f3c834382a4
Burton, Cathy
564f69b5-4053-474f-a921-d946b71cdae2
Davies, Andrew J.
0fe6a40a-10d1-4ade-a7e6-d1dceb2470af
Johnson, Peter
3f6068ce-171e-4c2c-aca9-dc9b6a37413f
Du, Ming Qing
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Cucco, Francesco, Clipson, Alexandra, Kennedy, Hannah, Sneath Thompson, Joe, Wang, Ming, Barrans, Sharon, van Hoppe, Moniek, Ochoa Ruiz, Eguzkine, Caddy, Josh, Hamid, Debbie, Cummin, Thomas, Burton, Cathy, Davies, Andrew J., Johnson, Peter and Du, Ming Qing (2018) Mutation screening using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: a stratified approach according to DNA quality. Laboratory Investigation, 98, 1084–1092. (doi:10.1038/s41374-018-0066-z).

Record type: Article

Abstract

DNA samples from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues are highly degraded with variable quality, and this imposes a big challenge for targeted sequencing due to false positives, largely caused by PCR errors and cytosine deamination. To eliminate false positives, a common practice is to validate the detected variants by Sanger sequencing or perform targeted sequencing in duplicate. Technically, PCR errors could be removed by molecular barcoding of template DNA prior to amplification as in the HaloPlexHS design. Nonetheless, it is uncertain to what extent variants detected using this approach should be further validated. Here, we addressed this question by correlating variant reproducibility with DNA quality using HaloPlexHS target enrichment and Illumina HiSeq4000, together with an in-house validated variant calling algorithm. The overall sequencing coverage, as shown by analyses of 70 genes in 266 cases of large B-cell lymphoma, was excellent (98%) in DNA samples amenable for PCR of ≥400 bp, but suboptimal (92%) and poor (80%) in those amenable for PCR of 300 bp and 200 bp respectively. By mutation analysis in duplicate in 93 cases, we demonstrated that 20 alternative allele depth (AAD) was an optimal cut-off value for separating reproducible from non-reproducible variants in DNA samples amenable for PCR of ≥300 bp, with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. By cross validation with a previously established targeted sequencing protocol by Fluidigm-PCR and Illumina MiSeq, the HaloPlexHS protocol was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in mutation screening. To conclude, we proposed a stratified approach for mutation screening by HaloplexHS and Illumina HiSeq4000 according to DNA quality. DNA samples with good quality (≥400 bp) are amenable for mutation analysis with a single replicate, with only variants at 15–20 AAD requiring for further validation, while those with suboptimal quality (300 bp) are better analysed in duplicate with reproducible variants at >15 AAD regarded as true genetic changes.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 29 March 2018
e-pub ahead of print date: 16 May 2018
Published date: August 2018

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 424876
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/424876
ISSN: 0023-6837
PURE UUID: 8eb8d2e3-1286-4e97-918c-e8d41cecb5aa
ORCID for Andrew J. Davies: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-6938
ORCID for Peter Johnson: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-4974

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 05 Oct 2018 11:51
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 06:41

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Contributors

Author: Francesco Cucco
Author: Alexandra Clipson
Author: Hannah Kennedy
Author: Joe Sneath Thompson
Author: Ming Wang
Author: Sharon Barrans
Author: Moniek van Hoppe
Author: Eguzkine Ochoa Ruiz
Author: Josh Caddy
Author: Debbie Hamid
Author: Thomas Cummin
Author: Cathy Burton
Author: Peter Johnson ORCID iD
Author: Ming Qing Du

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