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What causes nations to recover from disasters? An inquiry into the role of wealth, income inequality, and social welfare provisioning

What causes nations to recover from disasters? An inquiry into the role of wealth, income inequality, and social welfare provisioning
What causes nations to recover from disasters? An inquiry into the role of wealth, income inequality, and social welfare provisioning
Disasters affect significant numbers of people in the poorest parts of the world. The main impediment to progress in reducing the extent of disaster outcomes appears to come from inabilities to address macro-economic drivers of vulnerability. This study examines the association between three key drivers of vulnerability, i.e. wealth/poverty, income inequality and the absence/presence of social welfare systems, and short-term and long-term disaster outcomes. Drawing on lengthy time-series data, we apply a data driven approach, focusing only on those countries that have experienced major natural or technological disasters, to generate new understanding of these drivers. Our study finds that in relation to natural hazards: less developed countries experience worse human impacts than more developed countries; developed countries suffer larger economic losses; countries with greater levels of income inequality have more people affected than in more equal countries; and social welfare (using both Sen’s indexes and public social spending) in OECD countries appears to reduce the human impacts of disasters. We also conclude that the human impacts of natural disasters delay economic growth in poor countries. For the technological hazard-associated disasters, while there is no evidence that national wealth and
income inequality determine human impacts, we find that larger human impacts in poor countries undermines economic growth. Our key finding is the unequivocal and central role of income inequality in shaping disaster outcomes. Future research and policy on disaster risk reduction has to acknowledge this ‘elephant in the room’.
natural disaster, technological disaster, national wealth, income inequality, social welfare
2212-4209
162-180
Tselios, Vassilis
a1fc70a6-a193-4075-8e36-5b07b65ebd17
Tompkins, Emma
a6116704-7140-4e37-bea1-2cbf39b138c3
Tselios, Vassilis
a1fc70a6-a193-4075-8e36-5b07b65ebd17
Tompkins, Emma
a6116704-7140-4e37-bea1-2cbf39b138c3

Tselios, Vassilis and Tompkins, Emma (2019) What causes nations to recover from disasters? An inquiry into the role of wealth, income inequality, and social welfare provisioning. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 33, 162-180. (doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.10.003).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Disasters affect significant numbers of people in the poorest parts of the world. The main impediment to progress in reducing the extent of disaster outcomes appears to come from inabilities to address macro-economic drivers of vulnerability. This study examines the association between three key drivers of vulnerability, i.e. wealth/poverty, income inequality and the absence/presence of social welfare systems, and short-term and long-term disaster outcomes. Drawing on lengthy time-series data, we apply a data driven approach, focusing only on those countries that have experienced major natural or technological disasters, to generate new understanding of these drivers. Our study finds that in relation to natural hazards: less developed countries experience worse human impacts than more developed countries; developed countries suffer larger economic losses; countries with greater levels of income inequality have more people affected than in more equal countries; and social welfare (using both Sen’s indexes and public social spending) in OECD countries appears to reduce the human impacts of disasters. We also conclude that the human impacts of natural disasters delay economic growth in poor countries. For the technological hazard-associated disasters, while there is no evidence that national wealth and
income inequality determine human impacts, we find that larger human impacts in poor countries undermines economic growth. Our key finding is the unequivocal and central role of income inequality in shaping disaster outcomes. Future research and policy on disaster risk reduction has to acknowledge this ‘elephant in the room’.

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Accepted/In Press date: 3 October 2018
e-pub ahead of print date: 26 October 2018
Published date: February 2019
Keywords: natural disaster, technological disaster, national wealth, income inequality, social welfare

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 425762
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/425762
ISSN: 2212-4209
PURE UUID: 6c8cf561-c0c0-47b7-a7e9-839f0041d8ca
ORCID for Emma Tompkins: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-9797

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Date deposited: 02 Nov 2018 17:30
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 04:08

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Contributors

Author: Vassilis Tselios
Author: Emma Tompkins ORCID iD

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