Quantifying feedback from narrow line region outflows in nearby active galaxies. II. Spatially resolved mass outflow rates for the QSO2 Markarian 34

Abstract

We present spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements (M_out) for the narrow line region of Markarian 34, the nearest Compton-thick type 2 quasar (QSO2). Spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and at Apache Point Observatory reveal complex kinematics, with distinct signatures of outflow and rotation within 2 kpc of the nucleus. Using multi-component photoionization models, we find that the outflow contains a total ionized gas mass of M ≈ 1.6 × 10⁶M_⊙. Combining this with the kinematics yields a peak outflow rate of M_out ≈ 2.0 ± 0.4 M_⊙ yr^-1 at a distance of 470 pc from the nucleus, with a spatially integrated kinetic energy of E ≈ 1.4 × 10⁵⁵ erg. These outflows are more energetic than those observed in Mrk 573 and NGC 4151, supporting a correlation between luminosity and outflow strength even though they have similar peak outflow rates. The mix of rotational and outflowing components suggests that spatially resolved observations are required to determine accurate outflow parameters in systems with complex kinematics.

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