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Vascular dysfunction—the disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease

Vascular dysfunction—the disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease
Vascular dysfunction—the disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease

Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker-based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.

Alzheimer's disease, Biomarkers, Blood-brain barrier, Cerebral blood flow, MRI, Vascular
1552-5260
158-167
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Sweeney, Melanie D., Montagne, Axel, Sagare, Abhay P., Nation, Daniel A., Schneider, Lon S., Chui, Helena C., Harrington, Michael G., Pa, Judy, Law, Meng, Wang, Danny J.J., Jacobs, Russell E., Doubal, Fergus N., Ramirez, Joel, Black, Sandra E., Nedergaard, Maiken, Benveniste, Helene, Dichgans, Martin, Iadecola, Costantino, Love, Seth, Bath, Philip M., Markus, Hugh S., Salman, Rustam A., Allan, Stuart M., Quinn, Terence J., Kalaria, Rajesh N., Werring, David J., Carare, Roxana O., Touyz, Rhian M., Williams, Steve C.R., Moskowitz, Michael A., Katusic, Zvonimir S., Lutz, Sarah E., Lazarov, Orly, Minshall, Richard D., Rehman, Jalees, Davis, Thomas P., Wellington, Cheryl L., González, Hector M., Yuan, Chun, Lockhart, Samuel N., Hughes, Timothy M., Chen, Christopher L.H., Sachdev, Perminder, O'Brien, John T., Skoog, Ingmar, Pantoni, Leonardo, Gustafson, Deborah R., Biessels, Geert Jan, Wallin, Anders, Smith, Eric E., Mok, Vincent, Wong, Adrian, Passmore, Peter, Barkof, Frederick, Muller, Majon, Breteler, Monique M.B., Román, Gustavo C., Hamel, Edith, Seshadri, Sudha, Gottesman, Rebecca F., van Buchem, Mark A., Arvanitakis, Zoe, Schneider, Julie A., Drewes, Lester R., Hachinski, Vladimir, Finch, Caleb E., Toga, Arthur W., Wardlaw, Joanna M. and Zlokovic, Berislav V. (2019) Vascular dysfunction—the disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 15 (1), 158-167. (doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.222).

Record type: Review

Abstract

Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker-based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts.

This record has no associated files available for download.

More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 11 January 2019
Published date: January 2019
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Biomarkers, Blood-brain barrier, Cerebral blood flow, MRI, Vascular

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 430231
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/430231
ISSN: 1552-5260
PURE UUID: 85a74775-2d21-42c6-893c-b77cf11cd571
ORCID for Roxana O. Carare: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-3776

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 16 Apr 2019 16:30
Last modified: 11 Jul 2024 01:38

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Contributors

Author: Melanie D. Sweeney
Author: Axel Montagne
Author: Abhay P. Sagare
Author: Daniel A. Nation
Author: Lon S. Schneider
Author: Helena C. Chui
Author: Michael G. Harrington
Author: Judy Pa
Author: Meng Law
Author: Danny J.J. Wang
Author: Russell E. Jacobs
Author: Fergus N. Doubal
Author: Joel Ramirez
Author: Sandra E. Black
Author: Maiken Nedergaard
Author: Helene Benveniste
Author: Martin Dichgans
Author: Costantino Iadecola
Author: Seth Love
Author: Philip M. Bath
Author: Hugh S. Markus
Author: Rustam A. Salman
Author: Stuart M. Allan
Author: Terence J. Quinn
Author: Rajesh N. Kalaria
Author: David J. Werring
Author: Rhian M. Touyz
Author: Steve C.R. Williams
Author: Michael A. Moskowitz
Author: Zvonimir S. Katusic
Author: Sarah E. Lutz
Author: Orly Lazarov
Author: Richard D. Minshall
Author: Jalees Rehman
Author: Thomas P. Davis
Author: Cheryl L. Wellington
Author: Hector M. González
Author: Chun Yuan
Author: Samuel N. Lockhart
Author: Timothy M. Hughes
Author: Christopher L.H. Chen
Author: Perminder Sachdev
Author: John T. O'Brien
Author: Ingmar Skoog
Author: Leonardo Pantoni
Author: Deborah R. Gustafson
Author: Geert Jan Biessels
Author: Anders Wallin
Author: Eric E. Smith
Author: Vincent Mok
Author: Adrian Wong
Author: Peter Passmore
Author: Frederick Barkof
Author: Majon Muller
Author: Monique M.B. Breteler
Author: Gustavo C. Román
Author: Edith Hamel
Author: Sudha Seshadri
Author: Rebecca F. Gottesman
Author: Mark A. van Buchem
Author: Zoe Arvanitakis
Author: Julie A. Schneider
Author: Lester R. Drewes
Author: Vladimir Hachinski
Author: Caleb E. Finch
Author: Arthur W. Toga
Author: Joanna M. Wardlaw
Author: Berislav V. Zlokovic

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