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Quantifying niche availability, niche overlap and competition for recruitment sites in plant populations without explicit knowledge of niche axes

Quantifying niche availability, niche overlap and competition for recruitment sites in plant populations without explicit knowledge of niche axes
Quantifying niche availability, niche overlap and competition for recruitment sites in plant populations without explicit knowledge of niche axes

Niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability are key determinants of the distribution and abundance of species. However, quantifying each of these components is difficult because it is not always possible to identify or measure relevant environmental gradients (niche axes) along which species might partition or compete for niche space. We describe a method that uses seed addition experiments to quantify the number of ‘safe-sites’ (microsites suitable for a species to recruit from seed) at a location and show how this method can be used to quantify niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability. We illustrate our approach using two seed addition experiments in grassland. In the first experiment, we added seeds of one native and two exotic grass species, alone and in mixture, to plots that were arrayed along a gradient of soil moisture availability. We show that the three species partitioned safe-sites, implying that all three species could locally co-occur through niche partitioning, in part due to different responses to moisture availability. In the second experiment, we added seeds of three commonly co-occurring native grass species, alone and in mixture, to plots with no obvious environmental gradients. One species out-competed two others for site occupancy, allowing us to quantify both the degree of niche overlap and the relative ability of each species to compete for safe-site occupancy without a priori knowledge of the niche axes. Results from both experiments demonstrate the fine-scales at which species can partition niches to facilitate co-occurrence. Synthesis. By conceptualising a plot of ground as containing a limited number of microsites that are safe for the recruitment of a given species, and using seed addition experiments to measure both the number of safe-sites and degree of safe-site overlap among species, we show how niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability can be quantified at fine-scales without a priori knowledge of niche axes. Our approach allows questions about niche availability and competition for shared niche space to be empirically tested, and to examine how these processes vary along environmental gradients to shape species distributions and patterns of co-occurrence.

biotic interactions, coexistence, environmental heterogeneity, facilitation, fundamental niche, niche partitioning, recruitment function, seed limitation
0022-0477
Wandrag, Elizabeth M.
bdbff9a6-642b-482b-8bf6-43c41f0b37c1
Catford, Jane A.
c80a4529-b7cb-4d36-aba8-f38de01ce729
Duncan, Richard P.
a1b76d4b-2b02-4883-b27f-5c37e19c67f6
Wandrag, Elizabeth M.
bdbff9a6-642b-482b-8bf6-43c41f0b37c1
Catford, Jane A.
c80a4529-b7cb-4d36-aba8-f38de01ce729
Duncan, Richard P.
a1b76d4b-2b02-4883-b27f-5c37e19c67f6

Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Catford, Jane A. and Duncan, Richard P. (2019) Quantifying niche availability, niche overlap and competition for recruitment sites in plant populations without explicit knowledge of niche axes. Journal of Ecology. (doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13137).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability are key determinants of the distribution and abundance of species. However, quantifying each of these components is difficult because it is not always possible to identify or measure relevant environmental gradients (niche axes) along which species might partition or compete for niche space. We describe a method that uses seed addition experiments to quantify the number of ‘safe-sites’ (microsites suitable for a species to recruit from seed) at a location and show how this method can be used to quantify niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability. We illustrate our approach using two seed addition experiments in grassland. In the first experiment, we added seeds of one native and two exotic grass species, alone and in mixture, to plots that were arrayed along a gradient of soil moisture availability. We show that the three species partitioned safe-sites, implying that all three species could locally co-occur through niche partitioning, in part due to different responses to moisture availability. In the second experiment, we added seeds of three commonly co-occurring native grass species, alone and in mixture, to plots with no obvious environmental gradients. One species out-competed two others for site occupancy, allowing us to quantify both the degree of niche overlap and the relative ability of each species to compete for safe-site occupancy without a priori knowledge of the niche axes. Results from both experiments demonstrate the fine-scales at which species can partition niches to facilitate co-occurrence. Synthesis. By conceptualising a plot of ground as containing a limited number of microsites that are safe for the recruitment of a given species, and using seed addition experiments to measure both the number of safe-sites and degree of safe-site overlap among species, we show how niche availability, niche overlap and competitive ability can be quantified at fine-scales without a priori knowledge of niche axes. Our approach allows questions about niche availability and competition for shared niche space to be empirically tested, and to examine how these processes vary along environmental gradients to shape species distributions and patterns of co-occurrence.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 14 January 2019
e-pub ahead of print date: 22 January 2019
Keywords: biotic interactions, coexistence, environmental heterogeneity, facilitation, fundamental niche, niche partitioning, recruitment function, seed limitation

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 430384
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/430384
ISSN: 0022-0477
PURE UUID: cb5ad53f-5d55-470c-8b20-093411e0959b
ORCID for Jane A. Catford: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-5960

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 26 Apr 2019 16:30
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 00:45

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Contributors

Author: Elizabeth M. Wandrag
Author: Jane A. Catford ORCID iD
Author: Richard P. Duncan

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