Optimisation of syngas composition for emissions minimisation and cost reduction through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and gas mixtures in a gas turbine

Abstract

The fuel flexibility of a gas turbine allows it to operate on a large variety of fuels, with syngas gaining prominence in recent years due to its versatility to be produced from any hydrocarbon-based feedstock. The feedstock versatility also meant that the syngas produced could be hydrogen-rich or carbon monoxide-rich in its composition. In this experimental study, the emissions characteristics of syngas combustion in a gas turbine, and their associated cost to minimise emissions using the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method and gas mixtures were investigated. The syngas composition comprised of four gases, namely H₂, CO, CO₂ and CH₄. The syngas mixture is combusted under an equivalence ratio (ER) range of 0.4-0.9. Using Design of Experiments (DOE) optimisation procedures for simultaneous NO_x-CO reduction, the emission indices of the NO_x and CO pollutants for the best H₂-rich syngas (ER=0.5) were found to be 0.0189 g/kWh and 0.0028 g/kWh lower than that of the optimum CO-rich syngas (ER=0.5), respectively. This implies that H₂-rich syngas has greater potential for emissions reduction. However, the general combined costs for an optimum H₂-rich syngas mixture with the SCR post-treatment method is about six folds greater than the CO-rich syngas counterparts. The actual cost is even greater on a cost per mass reduction basis, with the NO_x and CO emissions being 21.6 and 8.9 times more for the H₂-rich mixture. It was also determined that the combined use of SCR method and optimum gas mixture is a more cost-effective emissions control measure than purely using direct gas mixture.

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