Extrusion-based 3D printing technologies for 3D scaffold engineering

Vaezi, Mohammad, Zhong, Gaoyan, Kalami, Hamed and Yang, Shoufeng (2018) Extrusion-based 3D printing technologies for 3D scaffold engineering. In, Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Elsevier, pp. 235-254. (doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100979-6.00010-0).

Abstract

Different fabrication methods from traditional chemical engineering methods to advanced additive manufacturing (AM) are used for fabrication of tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. The traditional techniques are subjected to limitations such as manual intervention, and inconsistent and inflexible processing procedures. In addition, the traditional techniques usually cannot control pore size, pore geometry, and spatial distribution of pores properly. To complement these limitations, there has been a trend in recent years to fabricate TE scaffolds using AM processes directly (3D printing of final scaffold) or indirectly (making negative scaffold to be used as a mold). In particular, extrusion-based AM systems have been widely used for fabrication of TE scaffolds due to their ability of processing different biomaterials, their possibility of manufacturing scaffolds in a cell-friendly environment, their high reproducibility and flexibility, and their simple process control in comparison with other AM techniques. In this chapter, the applications of extrusion-based 3D printing techniques are reviewed. In addition, an in-depth discussion on solvent-based extrusion freeforming (SEF) method, recent advances in printing bioceramic scaffolds, and its new application to make polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK)-based composites are presented.

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Contributors

Author: Shoufeng Yang

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