Optimizing hydropower dam location and removal in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil to balance hydropower and river biodiversity tradeoffs
Optimizing hydropower dam location and removal in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil to balance hydropower and river biodiversity tradeoffs
To support eco-friendly hydropower planning in developing regions, we propose a spatial optimization model for locating dams to balance tradeoffs between hydropower generation and migratory fish species richness. Our model incorporates two special features. First, it is tailored to the dispersal of tropical migratory fishes, which typically require long, unimpeded river stretches to complete their life-cycle. To model fish with this type of dispersal pattern, we introduce the concept of a river pathway, which represents a novel way to describe river connectivity. Second, it combines decisions about dam placement and removal, thus facilitating opportunities for hydropower offsetting. We apply our model to the São Francisco River basin, Brazil, an area of hydropower-freshwater biodiversity conflict. We find that dams have reduced weighted migratory fish richness 51% compared to a pre-dam baseline. We also find that even limited dam removal has the potential to significantly enhance fish biodiversity. Offsetting the removal of a single dam by the optimal siting of new dams could increase fish richness by 25% above the current average. Moving forward, optimizing new dam sites to increase hydropower by 20%, rather than selecting the fewest number of dams, could reduce fish species losses by 89%. If decisions about locating new dams are combined with dam removal, then a win-win can even be achieved with 20% greater hydropower and 19% higher species richness. Regardless of hydropower targets and dam removal options, a key observation is that optimal sites for dams are mostly located in the upper reaches of the basin rather than along the main stem of the São Francisco River or its main tributaries.
Fish species richness, Hydropower planning, Migratory fish dispersal, Optimization, River connectivity, Sustainable development
1-9
O'Hanley, Jesse
46faf024-662e-43f5-b2bb-53983e89822d
Pompeu, Paulo S.
36e361e2-c1d2-4954-9c48-063bc53b25b4
Louzada, Marina
2fa1b808-0a15-48ef-9c0f-f6ba58e3a3f8
Zambaldi, Ludimilla P.
1ba92ea4-43ef-4ff3-a95d-6fdc852ec111
Kemp, Paul
9e33fba6-cccf-4eb5-965b-b70e72b11cd7
March 2020
O'Hanley, Jesse
46faf024-662e-43f5-b2bb-53983e89822d
Pompeu, Paulo S.
36e361e2-c1d2-4954-9c48-063bc53b25b4
Louzada, Marina
2fa1b808-0a15-48ef-9c0f-f6ba58e3a3f8
Zambaldi, Ludimilla P.
1ba92ea4-43ef-4ff3-a95d-6fdc852ec111
Kemp, Paul
9e33fba6-cccf-4eb5-965b-b70e72b11cd7
O'Hanley, Jesse, Pompeu, Paulo S., Louzada, Marina, Zambaldi, Ludimilla P. and Kemp, Paul
(2020)
Optimizing hydropower dam location and removal in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil to balance hydropower and river biodiversity tradeoffs.
Landscape and Urban Planning, 195, , [103725].
(doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103725).
Abstract
To support eco-friendly hydropower planning in developing regions, we propose a spatial optimization model for locating dams to balance tradeoffs between hydropower generation and migratory fish species richness. Our model incorporates two special features. First, it is tailored to the dispersal of tropical migratory fishes, which typically require long, unimpeded river stretches to complete their life-cycle. To model fish with this type of dispersal pattern, we introduce the concept of a river pathway, which represents a novel way to describe river connectivity. Second, it combines decisions about dam placement and removal, thus facilitating opportunities for hydropower offsetting. We apply our model to the São Francisco River basin, Brazil, an area of hydropower-freshwater biodiversity conflict. We find that dams have reduced weighted migratory fish richness 51% compared to a pre-dam baseline. We also find that even limited dam removal has the potential to significantly enhance fish biodiversity. Offsetting the removal of a single dam by the optimal siting of new dams could increase fish richness by 25% above the current average. Moving forward, optimizing new dam sites to increase hydropower by 20%, rather than selecting the fewest number of dams, could reduce fish species losses by 89%. If decisions about locating new dams are combined with dam removal, then a win-win can even be achieved with 20% greater hydropower and 19% higher species richness. Regardless of hydropower targets and dam removal options, a key observation is that optimal sites for dams are mostly located in the upper reaches of the basin rather than along the main stem of the São Francisco River or its main tributaries.
Text
Optimizing hydropower river biodiversity - KAR
- Accepted Manuscript
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 30 November 2019
e-pub ahead of print date: 18 December 2019
Published date: March 2020
Additional Information:
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords:
Fish species richness, Hydropower planning, Migratory fish dispersal, Optimization, River connectivity, Sustainable development
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 436367
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/436367
ISSN: 0169-2046
PURE UUID: defa66a4-18f1-4e55-bca0-292f47c3f4c3
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Date deposited: 09 Dec 2019 17:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 05:07
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Contributors
Author:
Jesse O'Hanley
Author:
Paulo S. Pompeu
Author:
Marina Louzada
Author:
Ludimilla P. Zambaldi
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