Comparison of balance changes after inspiratory muscle or Otago exercise training
Comparison of balance changes after inspiratory muscle or Otago exercise training
The inspiratory muscles contribute to balance via diaphragmatic contraction and by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. We have shown inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves dynamic balance significantly with healthy community-dwellers. However, it is not known how the magnitude of balance improvements following IMT compares to that of an established balance program. This study compared the effects of 8-week of IMT for community-dwellers, to 8-week of the Otago exercise program (OEP) for care-residents, on balance and physical performance outcomes. Nineteen healthy community-dwellers (74 ± 4 years) were assigned to self-administered IMT. Eighteen, healthy care-residents (82 ± 4 years) were assigned to instructor-led OEP. The IMT involved 30 breaths twice-daily at ~50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The OEP group undertook resistance and mobility exercises for ~60 minutes, twice-weekly. Balance and physical performance were assessed using the mini Balance Evaluation System Test (mini-BEST) and time up and go (TUG). After 8-week, both groups improved balance ability significantly (mini-BEST: IMT by 24 ± 34%; OEP by 34 ± 28%), with no between-group difference. Dynamic balance sub-tasks improved significantly more for the IMT group (P < 0.01), than the OEP group and vice versa for static balance sub-tasks (P = 0.01). The IMT group also improved MIP (by 66 ± 97%), peak inspiratory power (by 31 ± 12%) and TUG (by -11 ± 27%); whereas the OEP did not. IMT and OEP improved balance ability similarly, with IMT eliciting greater improvement in dynamic balance, whilst OEP improved static balance more than IMT. Unlike IMT, the OEP did not provide additional benefits in inspiratory muscle function and TUG performance. Our findings suggest that IMT offers a novel method of improving dynamic balance in older adults, which may be more relevant to function than static balance and potentially a useful adjunct to the OEP in frailty prevention.
Ferraro, Francesco Vincenzo
efb11893-c180-4588-b28e-a37bb4e7eca8
Gavin, James Peter
e0d9b404-3f63-4855-8e64-bf1692e6cc3f
Wainwright, Thomas William
b3ed7db0-1679-4068-8241-744328946468
Mcconnell, Alison K.
2be65a3b-b800-4f04-be3f-5ac49ca4fa28
24 January 2020
Ferraro, Francesco Vincenzo
efb11893-c180-4588-b28e-a37bb4e7eca8
Gavin, James Peter
e0d9b404-3f63-4855-8e64-bf1692e6cc3f
Wainwright, Thomas William
b3ed7db0-1679-4068-8241-744328946468
Mcconnell, Alison K.
2be65a3b-b800-4f04-be3f-5ac49ca4fa28
Ferraro, Francesco Vincenzo, Gavin, James Peter, Wainwright, Thomas William and Mcconnell, Alison K.
(2020)
Comparison of balance changes after inspiratory muscle or Otago exercise training.
PLoS ONE, 15 (1), [e0227379].
(doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227379).
Abstract
The inspiratory muscles contribute to balance via diaphragmatic contraction and by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. We have shown inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves dynamic balance significantly with healthy community-dwellers. However, it is not known how the magnitude of balance improvements following IMT compares to that of an established balance program. This study compared the effects of 8-week of IMT for community-dwellers, to 8-week of the Otago exercise program (OEP) for care-residents, on balance and physical performance outcomes. Nineteen healthy community-dwellers (74 ± 4 years) were assigned to self-administered IMT. Eighteen, healthy care-residents (82 ± 4 years) were assigned to instructor-led OEP. The IMT involved 30 breaths twice-daily at ~50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The OEP group undertook resistance and mobility exercises for ~60 minutes, twice-weekly. Balance and physical performance were assessed using the mini Balance Evaluation System Test (mini-BEST) and time up and go (TUG). After 8-week, both groups improved balance ability significantly (mini-BEST: IMT by 24 ± 34%; OEP by 34 ± 28%), with no between-group difference. Dynamic balance sub-tasks improved significantly more for the IMT group (P < 0.01), than the OEP group and vice versa for static balance sub-tasks (P = 0.01). The IMT group also improved MIP (by 66 ± 97%), peak inspiratory power (by 31 ± 12%) and TUG (by -11 ± 27%); whereas the OEP did not. IMT and OEP improved balance ability similarly, with IMT eliciting greater improvement in dynamic balance, whilst OEP improved static balance more than IMT. Unlike IMT, the OEP did not provide additional benefits in inspiratory muscle function and TUG performance. Our findings suggest that IMT offers a novel method of improving dynamic balance in older adults, which may be more relevant to function than static balance and potentially a useful adjunct to the OEP in frailty prevention.
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journal.pone.0227379
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Accepted/In Press date: 17 January 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 24 January 2020
Published date: 24 January 2020
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© 2020 Ferraro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Local EPrints ID: 438048
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/438048
ISSN: 1932-6203
PURE UUID: 1e7a215f-15fb-46ac-a767-a030c7825f5b
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Date deposited: 26 Feb 2020 17:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:55
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Author:
Francesco Vincenzo Ferraro
Author:
Thomas William Wainwright
Author:
Alison K. Mcconnell
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