Long term rates of change in musculoskeletal aging and body composition: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Long term rates of change in musculoskeletal aging and body composition: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Musculoskeletal disorders are common among older people. Preventive strategies require understanding of age-related changes in strength, function and body composition, including how they interrelate. We have described, and examined associations between, 9-year changes in these parameters among 2917 Health, Aging and Body Composition Study participants (aged 70-79 years). Appendicular lean mass (ALM), whole body fat mass and total hip BMD were ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and muscle function by gait speed. For each characteristic annualised percentage changes were calculated; measures of conditional change (independent of baseline) were derived and their interrelationships were examined using Pearson correlations; proportion of variance at 9-year follow-up explained by baseline level was estimated; and mean trajectories in relation to age were estimated using linear mixed models. Analyses were stratified by sex. Median [lower quartile, upper quartile] annual percentage declines were grip strength (1.5 [0.0, 2.9]), gait speed (2.0 [0.6, 3.7]), ALM (0.7 [0.1, 1.4]), fat mass (0.4 [- 1.1, 1.9]) and hip BMD (0.5 [0.0, 1.1]). Declines were linear for ALM and accelerated over time for other characteristics. Most conditional change measures were positively correlated, most strongly between ALM, fat mass and hip BMD (r > 0.28). Proportion of variation at follow-up explained by baseline was lower for grip strength and gait speed (39-52%) than other characteristics (69-86%). Strength and function declined more rapidly, and were less correlated between baseline and follow-up, than measures of body composition. Therefore, broader intervention strategies to prevent loss of strength and function in later life are required as those targeting body composition alone may be insufficient.
Epidemiology, Frailty, Muscle, Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia
616-624
Westbury, Leo D.
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Syddall, Holly E.
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Fuggle, Nicholas
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Dennison, Elaine M.
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Cauley, Jane A.
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Shiroma, Eric J.
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Fielding, Roger A.
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Newman, Anne B.
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Cooper, Cyrus
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1 June 2020
Westbury, Leo D.
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Syddall, Holly E.
a0181a93-8fc3-4998-a996-7963f0128328
Fuggle, Nicholas
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Dennison, Elaine M.
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Cauley, Jane A.
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Shiroma, Eric J.
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Fielding, Roger A.
36b26592-ce59-4443-ab26-185919da78c0
Newman, Anne B.
c20887ec-62be-4736-b599-256e76ca00d5
Cooper, Cyrus
e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6
Westbury, Leo D., Syddall, Holly E., Fuggle, Nicholas, Dennison, Elaine M., Cauley, Jane A., Shiroma, Eric J., Fielding, Roger A., Newman, Anne B. and Cooper, Cyrus
(2020)
Long term rates of change in musculoskeletal aging and body composition: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.
Calcified Tissue International, 106 (6), .
(doi:10.1007/s00223-020-00679-2).
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common among older people. Preventive strategies require understanding of age-related changes in strength, function and body composition, including how they interrelate. We have described, and examined associations between, 9-year changes in these parameters among 2917 Health, Aging and Body Composition Study participants (aged 70-79 years). Appendicular lean mass (ALM), whole body fat mass and total hip BMD were ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and muscle function by gait speed. For each characteristic annualised percentage changes were calculated; measures of conditional change (independent of baseline) were derived and their interrelationships were examined using Pearson correlations; proportion of variance at 9-year follow-up explained by baseline level was estimated; and mean trajectories in relation to age were estimated using linear mixed models. Analyses were stratified by sex. Median [lower quartile, upper quartile] annual percentage declines were grip strength (1.5 [0.0, 2.9]), gait speed (2.0 [0.6, 3.7]), ALM (0.7 [0.1, 1.4]), fat mass (0.4 [- 1.1, 1.9]) and hip BMD (0.5 [0.0, 1.1]). Declines were linear for ALM and accelerated over time for other characteristics. Most conditional change measures were positively correlated, most strongly between ALM, fat mass and hip BMD (r > 0.28). Proportion of variation at follow-up explained by baseline was lower for grip strength and gait speed (39-52%) than other characteristics (69-86%). Strength and function declined more rapidly, and were less correlated between baseline and follow-up, than measures of body composition. Therefore, broader intervention strategies to prevent loss of strength and function in later life are required as those targeting body composition alone may be insufficient.
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Accepted/In Press date: 19 February 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 3 March 2020
Published date: 1 June 2020
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute on Aging (NIA) Grants (R01AG027017, P30AG024827, T32AG021885 and K07AG033174); the Intramural Research program of the National Institutes of Health (N01AG62101, N01AG62103, N01AG62106 and R01AG028050); a National Institute of Nursing Research Grant (R01NR012459); the Medical Research Council (MRC_MC_UU_12011/2 and MRC_MC_UP_A620_1015) and the University of Southampton, UK. Dr Fielding’s participation was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), under agreement No. 58-1950-4-003. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. The authors thank the participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study as well as members of the scientific and data collection teams.
Funding Information:
CC reports personal fees (outside the submitted work) from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Takeda and UCB. EMD reports personal fees (outside the submitted work) from Pfizer Healthcare and from the UCB Discussion panel. RAF reports grants from National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Aging) and the USDA, during the conduct of the study; grants, personal fees and other from Axcella Health, other from Inside Tracker, grants and personal fees from Biophytis, grants and personal fees from Astellas, personal fees from Cytokinetics, personal fees from Amazentis, grants and personal fees from Nestle', personal fees from Glaxo Smith Kline, outside the submitted work. LDW, HES, NRF, JAC, EJS and ABN declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Keywords:
Epidemiology, Frailty, Muscle, Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 438407
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/438407
ISSN: 0171-967X
PURE UUID: 1899c820-a443-4f0b-8642-e4491ee564e6
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Date deposited: 09 Mar 2020 17:32
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 03:49
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Contributors
Author:
Jane A. Cauley
Author:
Eric J. Shiroma
Author:
Roger A. Fielding
Author:
Anne B. Newman
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