A systematic review of the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in autoimmune diseases
A systematic review of the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases are chronic, multifactorial conditions. Through machine learning (ML), a branch of the wider field of artificial intelligence, it is possible to extract patterns within patient data, and exploit these patterns to predict patient outcomes for improved clinical management. Here, we surveyed the use of ML methods to address clinical problems in autoimmune disease. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, embase and computers and applied sciences complete databases. Relevant papers included “machine learning” or “artificial intelligence” and the autoimmune diseases search term(s) in their title, abstract or key words. Exclusion criteria: studies not written in English, no real human patient data included, publication prior to 2001, studies that were not peer reviewed, non-autoimmune disease comorbidity research and review papers. 169 (of 702) studies met the criteria for inclusion. Support vector machines and random forests were the most popular ML methods used. ML models using data on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease were most common. A small proportion of studies (7.7% or 13/169) combined different data types in the modelling process. Cross-validation, combined with a separate testing set for more robust model evaluation occurred in 8.3% of papers (14/169). The field may benefit from adopting a best practice of validation, cross-validation and independent testing of ML models. Many models achieved good predictive results in simple scenarios (e.g. classification of cases and controls). Progression to more complex predictive models may be achievable in future through integration of multiple data types.
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Stafford, I.S.
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Kellermann, M.
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Mossotto, E.
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Beattie, R.M.
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MacArthur, B.D.
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Ennis, S.
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9 March 2020
Stafford, I.S.
50987dc1-3772-408f-9093-9124f3d6b2cd
Kellermann, M.
e4cc843f-d5a5-4ec2-be22-1c83c9a46102
Mossotto, E.
a2a572db-3e95-41c6-94f6-f1b019594372
Beattie, R.M.
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MacArthur, B.D.
2c0476e7-5d3e-4064-81bb-104e8e88bb6b
Ennis, S.
7b57f188-9d91-4beb-b217-09856146f1e9
Stafford, I.S., Kellermann, M., Mossotto, E., Beattie, R.M., MacArthur, B.D. and Ennis, S.
(2020)
A systematic review of the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in autoimmune diseases.
npj Digital Medicine, 3 (1), , [30].
(doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0229-3).
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are chronic, multifactorial conditions. Through machine learning (ML), a branch of the wider field of artificial intelligence, it is possible to extract patterns within patient data, and exploit these patterns to predict patient outcomes for improved clinical management. Here, we surveyed the use of ML methods to address clinical problems in autoimmune disease. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, embase and computers and applied sciences complete databases. Relevant papers included “machine learning” or “artificial intelligence” and the autoimmune diseases search term(s) in their title, abstract or key words. Exclusion criteria: studies not written in English, no real human patient data included, publication prior to 2001, studies that were not peer reviewed, non-autoimmune disease comorbidity research and review papers. 169 (of 702) studies met the criteria for inclusion. Support vector machines and random forests were the most popular ML methods used. ML models using data on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease were most common. A small proportion of studies (7.7% or 13/169) combined different data types in the modelling process. Cross-validation, combined with a separate testing set for more robust model evaluation occurred in 8.3% of papers (14/169). The field may benefit from adopting a best practice of validation, cross-validation and independent testing of ML models. Many models achieved good predictive results in simple scenarios (e.g. classification of cases and controls). Progression to more complex predictive models may be achievable in future through integration of multiple data types.
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Systematic Review AI and ML in Autoimmune Disease FINAL DRAFT
- Accepted Manuscript
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s41746-020-0229-3
- Version of Record
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Accepted/In Press date: 6 January 2020
Published date: 9 March 2020
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© The Author(s) 2020.
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Local EPrints ID: 438409
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/438409
ISSN: 2398-6352
PURE UUID: 22da0a87-40e2-4838-8185-5d67e9be99fb
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Date deposited: 09 Mar 2020 17:32
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:53
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Author:
I.S. Stafford
Author:
M. Kellermann
Author:
E. Mossotto
Author:
R.M. Beattie
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