
READ ME File - Dataset for: Synthesis of Vanadium Nitride-Hard Carbon Composites from Cellulose and their Performance for Sodium Ion Batteries

Dataset DOI: https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1330

ReadMe Author: Andrew Hector, University of Southampton

This dataset supports the publication:
AUTHORS: Hang Cheng, Nuria Garcia-Araez and Andrew L. Hector
TITLE: Synthesis of Vanadium Nitride-Hard Carbon Composites from Cellulose and their Performance for Sodium Ion Batteries
JOURNAL: ACS Applied Energy Materials
PAPER DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00003

This dataset contains: The original data associated with each figure in the manuscript and supporting information


The figures are as follows:

Figure 2. (a) XRD patterns of HC and VN-HC composites; (b) TGA and differential TGA results of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.
Fig2a.txt: Each two columns show the X-ray diffraction intensity and 2 theta degree. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.
Fig2b.txt: First two columns represent the relative mass and temperature. Last two columns represent the differential relative mass and temperature.

Figure 3. Raman spectra of VN-HC composites with different VN loadings.
Fig3.txt: Each two columns show the Raman scattering intensity and Raman shift. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.

Figure 4. (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of HC-N2 and VN-HC composites; (b) pore size distribution calculated using the DFT method.
Fig4a.txt: Each two columns show the absorbed volume and relative pressure. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.
Fig4b.txt: Each two columns show the incremental pore volume and pore width. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.

Figure 5. Fitted N 1s (a), and O 1s and V 2p (b) XPS spectra of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.
Fig5a.txt: XPS fitting data of N 1S 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.
Fig5b.txt: XPS fitting data of O 1s and V 2p 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.

Figure 6. (a) First cycle differential capacity plots and (b) first cycle charge-discharge capacity curves of VN-HC composites with different VN content; (c) ex situ XRD patterns of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode before and after first cycling.
Fig6a.txt: Each two columns show the first cycle differential capacity and voltage. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.
Fig6b.txt: Each two columns show the voltage and specific capacity in first cycle. Columns from left to right represent VN-HC composites with increase content of VN.
Fig6c.txt: Each two columns show the X-ray diffraction intensity and 2 theta degree. Columns from left to right represent electrodes before cycling, after first reduction and after first reoxidation, respectively. 

Figure 7. (a) Cycling performance of HC and VN-HC composite electrodes, with open symbols representing reduction capacity and solid symbols oxidation capacity; (b) Nyquist plots of HC and 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite electrodes before and after 50 cycles.
Fig7a.txt: Columns from left to right represent the cycle number and specific capacity of VN-HC composites with increase content of VN in 50 cycles. Last column show the Coulombic efficiency of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode in 50 cycles.
Fig7b.txt: First 4 columns represent Nyquist plot data of HC electrode before and after 50 cycles; last 4 columns represent Nyquist plot data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode before and after 50 cycles.

Figure S2. XRD pattern of V2O5 obtained from firing 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite during TGA measurement in the mixture gas of argon and oxygen.
FigS2.txt: Column shows the XRD data of V2O5 obtained from firing 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.

Figure S3. Typical curve fitting for the Raman spectrum of HC and VN-HC composites.
FigS3.txt: Raman curve fitting data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.

Figure S4. Raman spectrum of V2O5 obtained from firing 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite during TGA measurement in the mixture gas of argon and oxygen.
FigS4.txt: Raman data of V2O5 obtained from firing 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.

Figure S5. XPS survey and C 1s spectrum of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.
FigS5_1.txt: XPS survey data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.
FigS5_2.txt: XPS fitting data of C 1s of 8.6 wt% VN-HC composite.

Figure S6. Differential capacity plots of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode over the first 10 cycles. Specific current: 50 mA/g.
FigS6.txt: Each two columns show the differential capacity and voltage. Columns from left to right represent 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 10th cycle, respectively. 

Figure S7. Rietveld  refinement of ex-situ XRD data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode (a) before cycling (b) after first reduction (c) after first re-oxidation.
FigS7a.txt: Rietveld refinement of ex-situ XRD data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode before cycling.
FigS7b.txt: Rietveld refinement of ex-situ XRD data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode after first reduction.
FigS7c.txt: Rietveld refinement of ex-situ XRD data of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode after first reoxidation.

Figure S8. Cycling performance of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode, showing oxidation (desodiation) specific capacity and coulombic efficiency. Specific current: 50 mA/g.
FigS8.txt: Columns from left to right represent the cycle number, specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency of 8.6 wt% VN-HC electrode.

Figure S9. Analysis of the total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for a HC electrode. Specific current: 50 mA/g.
FigS9.txt: First column represent the cycle number. The next three columns represent total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Last three columns represent total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for pure hard carbon. Specific current is 50 mA g-1.

Figure S10. Analysis of the total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for pure hard carbon and 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Specific current: 200 mA/g. 
FigS10.txt: First column represent the cycle number. The next three columns represent total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Last three columns represent total capacity and capacity contributions under and over 0.1 V for pure hard carbon. Specific current is 200 mA g-1.

Figure S11. Evolution of charge-discharge voltage profile of (a) pure hard carbon and (b) 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Specific current: 50 mA/g.
FigS11a.txt: Each two columns show the voltage and specific capacity of hard carbon. Columns from left to right represent 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th cycle. Specific current is 50 mA g-1.
FigS11b.txt: Each two columns show the voltage and specific capacity of 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Columns from left to right represent 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th cycle. Specific current is 50 mA g-1.

Figure S12. Evolution of charge-discharge voltage profile of (a) pure hard carbon and (b) 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Specific current: 200 mA/g.
FigS12a.txt: Each two columns show the voltage and specific capacity of hard carbon. Columns from left to right represent 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th cycle. Specific current is 200 mA g-1.
FigS12b.txt: Each two columns show the voltage and specific capacity of 8.6 wt% VN-HC. Columns from left to right represent 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th and 50th cycle. Specific current is 200 mA g-1.


Date of data collection: 2018-2019

License: CC-BY

Information about geographic location of data collection: University of Southampton, UK and Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK

Date that the file was created: April, 2020