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The "less-is-more" effect in group decision making

The "less-is-more" effect in group decision making
The "less-is-more" effect in group decision making

If each member of a group makes less accurate decisions than those of another group, can the former actually make more accurate decisions collectively than the latter? Through four simulation studies, the chapter shows conditions under which such "less-ismore" effect may occur. In each study, a group member adopted either the take-thebest or the minimalist heuristic to make an individual decision, and a simple majority rule was then applied to determine the group decision. Although an individual using take-thebest can generally achieve higher decision accuracy than one using the minimalist, results in Study 1 show that the decision accuracy of a group of take-the-best individuals can be lower than that of a group of minimalist individuals in task environments where the distribution of cue validities is relatively flat. Similar less-is-more effects are found in Studies 2 and 3, where a group of less accurate individuals, due to either their usage of erroneous cue information or cue orders differing from cues' validity order, can outperform another group of more accurate individuals. Finally, the chapter compares the decision accuracy of five-member groups with varying compositions of take-the-best and minimalist members, and found that groups with either one or two take-the-best members can achieve the most robust performance across four task environments. Informational diversity and characteristics of task environments are the main factors underlying the observed less-is-more effects. Therefore, the chapter argues that to understand the rationality of group decision making, these two factors, in addition to the competency of group members, must be taken into consideration.

Diversity, Ecological rationality, Group decision making, Heuristics, Information search, Less-is-more, Majority rule, Minimalist, Social rationality, Take-the-best
Oxford University Press
Luan, Shenghua
f8304c69-bccb-4b70-ab5e-7bac817dac9c
Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos V.
b97c23d9-8b24-4225-8da4-be7ac2a14fba
Reimer, Torsten
c1a99c85-455f-4625-81cf-8462431b326a
Luan, Shenghua
f8304c69-bccb-4b70-ab5e-7bac817dac9c
Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos V.
b97c23d9-8b24-4225-8da4-be7ac2a14fba
Reimer, Torsten
c1a99c85-455f-4625-81cf-8462431b326a

Luan, Shenghua, Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos V. and Reimer, Torsten (2013) The "less-is-more" effect in group decision making. In, Simple Heuristics in a Social World. Oxford. Oxford University Press. (doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388435.003.0010).

Record type: Book Section

Abstract

If each member of a group makes less accurate decisions than those of another group, can the former actually make more accurate decisions collectively than the latter? Through four simulation studies, the chapter shows conditions under which such "less-ismore" effect may occur. In each study, a group member adopted either the take-thebest or the minimalist heuristic to make an individual decision, and a simple majority rule was then applied to determine the group decision. Although an individual using take-thebest can generally achieve higher decision accuracy than one using the minimalist, results in Study 1 show that the decision accuracy of a group of take-the-best individuals can be lower than that of a group of minimalist individuals in task environments where the distribution of cue validities is relatively flat. Similar less-is-more effects are found in Studies 2 and 3, where a group of less accurate individuals, due to either their usage of erroneous cue information or cue orders differing from cues' validity order, can outperform another group of more accurate individuals. Finally, the chapter compares the decision accuracy of five-member groups with varying compositions of take-the-best and minimalist members, and found that groups with either one or two take-the-best members can achieve the most robust performance across four task environments. Informational diversity and characteristics of task environments are the main factors underlying the observed less-is-more effects. Therefore, the chapter argues that to understand the rationality of group decision making, these two factors, in addition to the competency of group members, must be taken into consideration.

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More information

Published date: 24 January 2013
Keywords: Diversity, Ecological rationality, Group decision making, Heuristics, Information search, Less-is-more, Majority rule, Minimalist, Social rationality, Take-the-best

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 440605
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/440605
PURE UUID: 82dba297-cb53-4049-99b6-0ad2a6fb8200
ORCID for Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9572-1980

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Date deposited: 12 May 2020 16:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:44

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Author: Shenghua Luan
Author: Torsten Reimer

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