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Isotype switching converts anti-CD40 antagonism to agonism to elicit potent antitumor activity

Isotype switching converts anti-CD40 antagonism to agonism to elicit potent antitumor activity
Isotype switching converts anti-CD40 antagonism to agonism to elicit potent antitumor activity
Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprise agonists and antagonists, which display promising therapeutic activities in cancer and autoimmunity, respectively. We previously showed that epitope and isotype interact to deliver optimal agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. The impact of Fc engineering on antagonists, however, remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that clinically relevant antagonists used for treating autoimmune conditions can be converted into potent FcγR-independent agonists with remarkable antitumor activity by isotype switching to hIgG2. One antagonist is converted to a super-agonist with greater potency than previously reported highly agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. Such conversion is dependent on the unique disulfide bonding properties of the hIgG2 hinge. This investigation highlights the transformative capacity of the hIgG2 isotype for converting antagonists to agonists to treat cancer.
CD40, Fc engineering, TNF receptor, agonists, antagonists, antibody, hIgG2, immunostimulatory, immunotherapy, structure function
1535-6108
850-866.e7
Yu, Xiaojie
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Chan, H. T.Claude
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Fisher, Hayden
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Penfold, Christine A.
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Kim, Jinny
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Inzhelevskaya, Tatyana
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Mockridge, C. Ian
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French, Ruth R.
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Duriez, Patrick J.
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Douglas, Leon R.
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English, Vikki
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Verbeek, J. Sjef
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White, Ann L.
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Tews, Ivo
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Glennie, Martin J.
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Cragg, Mark S.
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Yu, Xiaojie
44d52374-eacc-4e23-b7da-c881e6d3a5dd
Chan, H. T.Claude
b109c93f-7e9a-44ee-ad12-da757b1b11fc
Fisher, Hayden
160b3dea-4f68-4638-b2a3-48757c0efd73
Penfold, Christine A.
400d743e-a639-45ea-a027-5b778800f6d3
Kim, Jinny
ea81033c-8f9b-427b-be10-7a320a3f2651
Inzhelevskaya, Tatyana
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Mockridge, C. Ian
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French, Ruth R.
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Duriez, Patrick J.
4cf499bc-007a-43b3-b180-d6e5dc3d151b
Douglas, Leon R.
049b5f33-6870-4773-ae34-663489b472ba
English, Vikki
b0c062ea-d836-4bea-9d46-44c414e11b6e
Verbeek, J. Sjef
115ffb7c-4760-444f-888c-0798469e0b9c
White, Ann L.
b8c81272-e959-4acb-bbfe-1adc8a6c43f0
Tews, Ivo
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Glennie, Martin J.
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Cragg, Mark S.
ec97f80e-f3c8-49b7-a960-20dff648b78c

Yu, Xiaojie, Chan, H. T.Claude, Fisher, Hayden, Penfold, Christine A., Kim, Jinny, Inzhelevskaya, Tatyana, Mockridge, C. Ian, French, Ruth R., Duriez, Patrick J., Douglas, Leon R., English, Vikki, Verbeek, J. Sjef, White, Ann L., Tews, Ivo, Glennie, Martin J. and Cragg, Mark S. (2020) Isotype switching converts anti-CD40 antagonism to agonism to elicit potent antitumor activity. Cancer Cell, 37 (6), 850-866.e7. (doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.013).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprise agonists and antagonists, which display promising therapeutic activities in cancer and autoimmunity, respectively. We previously showed that epitope and isotype interact to deliver optimal agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. The impact of Fc engineering on antagonists, however, remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that clinically relevant antagonists used for treating autoimmune conditions can be converted into potent FcγR-independent agonists with remarkable antitumor activity by isotype switching to hIgG2. One antagonist is converted to a super-agonist with greater potency than previously reported highly agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs. Such conversion is dependent on the unique disulfide bonding properties of the hIgG2 hinge. This investigation highlights the transformative capacity of the hIgG2 isotype for converting antagonists to agonists to treat cancer.

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Accepted/In Press date: 21 April 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 21 May 2020
Published date: 8 June 2020
Additional Information: Funding Information: We thank the members of the Antibody and Vaccine group for useful discussions and the preclinical unit staff for animal husbandry. We thank Diamond Light Source for beam time on B21 (ref. SM21035-186) and to Nikul Khunti for his support. We thank David Johnston from the Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK, for assistance with Confocal. Funding was provided by Cancer Research UK grants A10834 , A20537 , A18087 , A25139 , and A25169 , as well as European Union FP7 grant 602262-2 . Funding Information: M.S.C. acts as a consultant for a number of biotech companies, being retained as a consultant for BioInvent and has received research funding from BioInvent, GSK, UCB, iTeos, and Roche. M.J.G. acts as a consultant to a number of biotech companies and receives institutional payments and royalties from antibody patents and licenses. This work is related to patent Family WO 2015/145360 protecting antibodies containing modified hIgG2 domains which elicit agonist or antagonistic properties. Funding Information: We thank the members of the Antibody and Vaccine group for useful discussions and the preclinical unit staff for animal husbandry. We thank Diamond Light Source for beam time on B21 (ref. SM21035-186) and to Nikul Khunti for his support. We thank David Johnston from the Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK, for assistance with Confocal. Funding was provided by Cancer Research UK grants A10834, A20537, A18087, A25139, and A25169, as well as European Union FP7 grant 602262-2. X.Y. designed and performed the experiments, analyzed and interpreted data, and wrote the manuscript. H.T.C.C. C.A.P. J.K. H.F. T.I. C.I.M. R.R.F. P.J.D. L.R.D. V.E. J.S.V. A.L.W. and I.T. generated or provided key reagents or performed and analyzed the research. M.J.G. designed the study, supervised data collection, discussed and interpreted data, and edited the manuscript. M.S.C. designed the study, supervised data collection, discussed and interpreted data, and wrote the manuscript with X.Y. M.J.G. and M.S.C. were co-senior authors on the study. M.S.C. acts as a consultant for a number of biotech companies, being retained as a consultant for BioInvent and has received research funding from BioInvent, GSK, UCB, iTeos, and Roche. M.J.G. acts as a consultant to a number of biotech companies and receives institutional payments and royalties from antibody patents and licenses. This work is related to patent Family WO 2015/145360 protecting antibodies containing modified hIgG2 domains which elicit agonist or antagonistic properties. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Authors
Keywords: CD40, Fc engineering, TNF receptor, agonists, antagonists, antibody, hIgG2, immunostimulatory, immunotherapy, structure function

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 441073
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/441073
ISSN: 1535-6108
PURE UUID: a1a6131d-41d0-478f-a9c6-5843adb58b96
ORCID for H. T.Claude Chan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-9480
ORCID for Hayden Fisher: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-0921
ORCID for Patrick J. Duriez: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-2552
ORCID for Ivo Tews: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-1139
ORCID for Mark S. Cragg: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-089X

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Date deposited: 29 May 2020 16:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 05:31

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Contributors

Author: Xiaojie Yu
Author: H. T.Claude Chan ORCID iD
Author: Hayden Fisher ORCID iD
Author: Christine A. Penfold
Author: Jinny Kim
Author: Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
Author: C. Ian Mockridge
Author: Ruth R. French
Author: Patrick J. Duriez ORCID iD
Author: Leon R. Douglas
Author: Vikki English
Author: J. Sjef Verbeek
Author: Ann L. White
Author: Ivo Tews ORCID iD
Author: Mark S. Cragg ORCID iD

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