Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: results from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study
Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: results from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined the associations between pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population-based cohort study of women of reproductive age.
METHODS: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health included 3,853 women without pre-existing diabetes who were followed-up between 2003 and 2012. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis based on 101 food items from a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was self-reported and validated in a subsample. Multivariable regression models with generalised estimating equations were used to estimate RR and 95% CI.
RESULTS: During 9 years follow-up, 292 GDM cases (4.4%) were documented in 6,626 pregnancies. No associations were found for the 'Fruit and low-fat dairy' and 'Cooked vegetables' patterns. The 'Meats, snacks and sweets' pattern was associated with higher GDM risk after adjustment for socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle factors (RR [95% CI] per SD increase in score: 1.38 [1.02, 1.86]). Further adjustment for BMI attenuated the results (1.35 [0.98, 1.81]). In stratified analysis, the 'Meats, snacks and sweets' pattern was associated with significantly higher GDM risk in parous and obese women, and in women with lower educational qualifications. The 'Mediterranean-style' pattern was associated with lower GDM risk in the fully adjusted model (0.85 [0.76, 0.98]).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These findings support general dietary recommendations for women of reproductive age to consume a diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, nuts and fish, and low in red and processed meats and snacks. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Adult, Australia/epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology, Diet, Diet, Mediterranean, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Population, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors
2726-2735
Schoenaker, Danielle A.J.M.
84b96b87-4070-45a5-9777-5a1e4e45e818
Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S.
a92e78f0-b28c-44f3-be86-e744fd004ff4
Callaway, Leonie K.
8c998763-afd8-4033-a364-84007b926f19
Mishra, Gita D.
02143b82-e536-4915-9b30-3c86cbe1a1fe
December 2015
Schoenaker, Danielle A.J.M.
84b96b87-4070-45a5-9777-5a1e4e45e818
Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S.
a92e78f0-b28c-44f3-be86-e744fd004ff4
Callaway, Leonie K.
8c998763-afd8-4033-a364-84007b926f19
Mishra, Gita D.
02143b82-e536-4915-9b30-3c86cbe1a1fe
Schoenaker, Danielle A.J.M., Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S., Callaway, Leonie K. and Mishra, Gita D.
(2015)
Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: results from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study.
Diabetologia, 58 (12), .
(doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3742-1).
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined the associations between pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population-based cohort study of women of reproductive age.
METHODS: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health included 3,853 women without pre-existing diabetes who were followed-up between 2003 and 2012. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis based on 101 food items from a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was self-reported and validated in a subsample. Multivariable regression models with generalised estimating equations were used to estimate RR and 95% CI.
RESULTS: During 9 years follow-up, 292 GDM cases (4.4%) were documented in 6,626 pregnancies. No associations were found for the 'Fruit and low-fat dairy' and 'Cooked vegetables' patterns. The 'Meats, snacks and sweets' pattern was associated with higher GDM risk after adjustment for socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle factors (RR [95% CI] per SD increase in score: 1.38 [1.02, 1.86]). Further adjustment for BMI attenuated the results (1.35 [0.98, 1.81]). In stratified analysis, the 'Meats, snacks and sweets' pattern was associated with significantly higher GDM risk in parous and obese women, and in women with lower educational qualifications. The 'Mediterranean-style' pattern was associated with lower GDM risk in the fully adjusted model (0.85 [0.76, 0.98]).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These findings support general dietary recommendations for women of reproductive age to consume a diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, nuts and fish, and low in red and processed meats and snacks. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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e-pub ahead of print date: 10 September 2015
Published date: December 2015
Keywords:
Adult, Australia/epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology, Diet, Diet, Mediterranean, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Population, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 441368
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/441368
ISSN: 0012-186X
PURE UUID: 0575c623-eff2-45f0-a5cf-b264e490a097
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Date deposited: 10 Jun 2020 16:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:01
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Contributors
Author:
Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
Author:
Leonie K. Callaway
Author:
Gita D. Mishra
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