Development of a two-dimensional, moving mesh treatment for modelling the reaction chamber of the soluble lead flow battery as a function of state of charge for Pb and PbO₂ deposition and dissolution

Abstract

During cycling of the soluble lead flow battery, solid layers of lead (Pb) and lead dioxide (PbO ₂) are deposited and stripped from the electrode surfaces. As such, there is a change in geometry of the flow field within the battery. A detailed two-dimensional numerical model which simulates this change in geometry using a moving mesh technique is developed. The model accounts for deposition of Pb, PbO ₂ along with the formation of lead oxide (PbO) during discharge of the PbO ₂ deposit due to a side reaction which is commonly assumed in the literature. Over short time scales of around 1 hr charge/discharge periods, which are typically reported in the literature, the effect of this is small. However, over more realistic time scales (>1 hr), by applying this technique, significant differences are seen in the cell resistance and in the mass flow rate of electrolyte. As a result, a difference in cell voltage of up to 65 mV is seen over a 24 h period. The numerical results are validated against experimental data, showing an agreement in the voltage-time profile and a close fit for the moving mesh approach.

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