Using a 2.5D boundary element model to predict the sound distribution on train external surfaces due to rolling noise
Using a 2.5D boundary element model to predict the sound distribution on train external surfaces due to rolling noise
In order to be able to predict train interior noise, it is first important to calculate the external sound pressure distribution on the floor, sidewalls and roof. This can then be combined with the transmission loss of the train panels to determine the interior noise. Traditional techniques such as the finite element and boundary element (FE/BE) methods in three dimensions (3D) can achieve this result but are computationally very expensive. In this paper, a wavenumberdomain boundary element (2.5D BE) approach is instead adopted to predict the propagation of rolling noise from the wheels, rails and sleepers to the train external surfaces. In the 2.5D models, only the cross-section of the vehicle is represented by using boundary elements, while the third direction is considered in terms of a spectrum of wavenumbers. The rail is treated directly in the wavenumber domain but, to include the wheel, a method of representing point sources in a 2.5D approach is developed. An inverse Fourier transform is applied to obtain the spatial distribution of the sound pressure on the train surfaces. The validity of this approach has been verified by comparison with experimental data. The 2.5D BE method was first used to predict the sound distribution on a 1:5 scale train surfaces due to a point source below the vehicle, and later it was used to predict the sound pressure on a full-scale metro vehicle due to a loudspeaker. Comparisons of predictions with measurements on the scale model and on the metro vehicle showed good agreements. For a point source below the vehicle, the sound pressure levels on the train floor were found to be around 20 dB higher than on the sides, and the sound pressure on the train roof was negligible. The 2.5D BE method was also used to predict the sound pressure on the metro vehicle surfaces in running operation, in which the predicted sound pressure levels on the train external surfaces agreed with measurements to within 3 dB and similar trends were found in terms of spectra and longitudinal distribution of pressure.
2.5D method, boundary element model, rolling noise, train external surfaces
Li, Hui
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Thompson, David
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Squicciarini, Giacomo
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Liu, Xiaowan
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Rissmann, Martin
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Denia, Francisco D.
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Giner-Navarro, Juan
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10 November 2020
Li, Hui
cd351a7f-09cb-4e44-9ea4-e77594f4d4f5
Thompson, David
bca37fd3-d692-4779-b663-5916b01edae5
Squicciarini, Giacomo
c1bdd1f6-a2e8-435c-a924-3e052d3d191e
Liu, Xiaowan
85bbaeb6-7fb2-429b-8f29-3a889480d2fd
Rissmann, Martin
085d551d-c0ca-4aa9-ba28-a62eaa725bc2
Denia, Francisco D.
d5d731bc-2849-4eec-a9ac-04194e14f0a3
Giner-Navarro, Juan
518d937c-6113-4540-b56a-26b977cd4b6e
Li, Hui, Thompson, David, Squicciarini, Giacomo, Liu, Xiaowan, Rissmann, Martin, Denia, Francisco D. and Giner-Navarro, Juan
(2020)
Using a 2.5D boundary element model to predict the sound distribution on train external surfaces due to rolling noise.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 486, [115599].
(doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115599).
Abstract
In order to be able to predict train interior noise, it is first important to calculate the external sound pressure distribution on the floor, sidewalls and roof. This can then be combined with the transmission loss of the train panels to determine the interior noise. Traditional techniques such as the finite element and boundary element (FE/BE) methods in three dimensions (3D) can achieve this result but are computationally very expensive. In this paper, a wavenumberdomain boundary element (2.5D BE) approach is instead adopted to predict the propagation of rolling noise from the wheels, rails and sleepers to the train external surfaces. In the 2.5D models, only the cross-section of the vehicle is represented by using boundary elements, while the third direction is considered in terms of a spectrum of wavenumbers. The rail is treated directly in the wavenumber domain but, to include the wheel, a method of representing point sources in a 2.5D approach is developed. An inverse Fourier transform is applied to obtain the spatial distribution of the sound pressure on the train surfaces. The validity of this approach has been verified by comparison with experimental data. The 2.5D BE method was first used to predict the sound distribution on a 1:5 scale train surfaces due to a point source below the vehicle, and later it was used to predict the sound pressure on a full-scale metro vehicle due to a loudspeaker. Comparisons of predictions with measurements on the scale model and on the metro vehicle showed good agreements. For a point source below the vehicle, the sound pressure levels on the train floor were found to be around 20 dB higher than on the sides, and the sound pressure on the train roof was negligible. The 2.5D BE method was also used to predict the sound pressure on the metro vehicle surfaces in running operation, in which the predicted sound pressure levels on the train external surfaces agreed with measurements to within 3 dB and similar trends were found in terms of spectra and longitudinal distribution of pressure.
Text
JSV_Waveguide2.5DForExtPressure_HuiLi_University Copy (002)
- Accepted Manuscript
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 23 July 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 24 July 2020
Published date: 10 November 2020
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
The work presented in this paper has received funding from China Scholarship Council and the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 777564 ). The contents of this publication only reflect the authors’ view and the Joint Undertaking is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained in the paper. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Hongseok Jeong for his assistance in the laboratory measurements and Metro de Madrid for assistance in the field tests. The authors are grateful to Dr. Xianying Zhang for providing the measured vibration of the 1:5 scale rail. All data published in this paper are openly available from the University of Southampton repository at 10.5258/SOTON/D1483 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords:
2.5D method, boundary element model, rolling noise, train external surfaces
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 443655
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/443655
ISSN: 0022-460X
PURE UUID: 7edfdd33-ab0e-4802-b603-5c1b4f4a48fc
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Date deposited: 07 Sep 2020 16:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 05:51
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Contributors
Author:
Hui Li
Author:
Xiaowan Liu
Author:
Martin Rissmann
Author:
Francisco D. Denia
Author:
Juan Giner-Navarro
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