These are supplements to a dissertation on the affordability of rail for people living near lines linking Sheffield, Manchester and Leeds. The maps illustrate the spatial distribution of rail affordability across the case study area among people who are in work. The figures show the proportion of the simulated population in each 2011 middle-layer super output area (MSOA) who meet one or more of the affordability criteria. These criteria are explained in section three of the main text and the results are discussed in section five of the main text. By clicking on a map, the reader can view background data about each zone.
The maps were created using tmap in R (Tennekes 2020). See Lovelace, Nowosad and Muenchow (2020, ch. 8) for an introduction to using the package. The code used to create the maps is available in the online appendix.
The share of the simulated population in each zone categorised as low income and high cost (LIHC). For people in this combined category, the share of income they would need to spend on the fares basket is more than twice the average for the population. Further, the person would be in poverty after spending on housing and fares is deducted from their income.
Shapes: ONS 2018
The share of the simulated population in each zone categorised as high income and high cost (HIHC). People in this category would not be in poverty after spending on housing and fares is deducted from their income. However, the cost of the fares basket represents a relatively high share of their income (more than twice the population median).
Shapes: ONS 2018
The share of the simulated population in each zone categorised as low income and low cost (LILC). People in this category would be in poverty after spending on housing and fares is deducted from their income. However, the cost of the fares basket represents a relatively low share of their income (less than twice the population median).
Shapes: ONS 2018
Use the layers icon in the top left hand corner to switch between the metrics and view the distribution of each categorisation individually. The first shown is low income:
Shapes: ONS 2018