They came from the Pacific: how changing arctic currents could contribute to an ecological regime shift in the Atlantic Ocean
They came from the Pacific: how changing arctic currents could contribute to an ecological regime shift in the Atlantic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing. With warming waters, receding sea ice, and changing circulation patterns, it has been hypothesized that previously closed ecological pathways between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans will be opened as we move toward a seasonally ice-free Arctic. The discovery of the Pacific diatom Neodenticula seminae in the Atlantic suggests that a tipping point may have already been reached and this “opening up” of the Arctic could already be underway. Here, we investigate how circulation connectivity between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans has changed in recent decades, using a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean model and a Lagrangian particle-tracking method. We identify four main trans-Arctic pathways and a fifth route that is sporadically available with a shorter connectivity timescale. We discuss potential explanations for the existence of this “shortcut” advective pathway, linking it to a shift in atmospheric and oceanic circulation regimes. Advective timescales associated with each route are quantified, and seasonal and interannual trends in the main four pathways are discussed, including an increase in Fram Strait outflow relative to the Canadian Archipelago. In conclusion, we note that while tipping points for ecological connectivity are species dependent, even the most direct routes require multiannual connectivity timescales.
Ecological connectivity, Lagrangian modeling, NEMO, arctic circulation
1-20
Kelly, S. J.
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Popova, E.
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Aksenov, Y.
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Marsh, R.
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Yool, A.
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1 April 2020
Kelly, S. J.
cbbeb141-eedf-4f13-9566-efee83ba628c
Popova, E.
3ea572bd-f37d-4777-894b-b0d86f735820
Aksenov, Y.
1d277047-06f6-4893-8bcf-c2817a9c848e
Marsh, R.
702c2e7e-ac19-4019-abd9-a8614ab27717
Yool, A.
882aeb0d-dda0-405e-844c-65b68cce5017
Kelly, S. J., Popova, E., Aksenov, Y., Marsh, R. and Yool, A.
(2020)
They came from the Pacific: how changing arctic currents could contribute to an ecological regime shift in the Atlantic Ocean.
Earth's Future, 8 (4), , [e2019EF001394].
(doi:10.1029/2019EF001394).
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing. With warming waters, receding sea ice, and changing circulation patterns, it has been hypothesized that previously closed ecological pathways between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans will be opened as we move toward a seasonally ice-free Arctic. The discovery of the Pacific diatom Neodenticula seminae in the Atlantic suggests that a tipping point may have already been reached and this “opening up” of the Arctic could already be underway. Here, we investigate how circulation connectivity between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans has changed in recent decades, using a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean model and a Lagrangian particle-tracking method. We identify four main trans-Arctic pathways and a fifth route that is sporadically available with a shorter connectivity timescale. We discuss potential explanations for the existence of this “shortcut” advective pathway, linking it to a shift in atmospheric and oceanic circulation regimes. Advective timescales associated with each route are quantified, and seasonal and interannual trends in the main four pathways are discussed, including an increase in Fram Strait outflow relative to the Canadian Archipelago. In conclusion, we note that while tipping points for ecological connectivity are species dependent, even the most direct routes require multiannual connectivity timescales.
Text
2019EF001394
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Accepted/In Press date: 28 January 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 5 February 2020
Published date: 1 April 2020
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Funding Information:
The underpinning high-resolution NEMO simulation was performed using the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk). Lagrangian analysis was carried out using computational tool ARIANE developed by B. Blanke and N. Grima, using the JASMIN data analysis environment (http://www.jasmin.ac.uk). The 5-day mean output from the ORCA0083-N006 run of NEMO that was used to for the Lagrangian experiments is available on JASMIN (http://www.jasmin.ac.uk), and the Lagrangian trajectories produced in these experiments are publicly available on Zenodo with DOIs 10.5281/zenodo.3612713 and 10.5281/zenodo.3613665. Arctic Ocean Oscillation (AOO) index available from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: https://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=66578. This work has been supported by the APEAR (NE/R012865/1), ARISE (NE/P006000/1), Arctic PRIZE (NE/P006078/1), and DIAPOD (NE/P006353/1) projects, as part of the Changing Arctic Ocean program, funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and, for APEAR, jointly funded with the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). This work was further supported by NERC grant CLASS (NE/R015953/1) and the COMFORT project (EU H2020; project number 820989). Finally, we would like to thank Erik van Sebille and another anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments which strengthened this work.
Publisher Copyright:
©2020 The Authors.
Keywords:
Ecological connectivity, Lagrangian modeling, NEMO, arctic circulation
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 444248
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/444248
ISSN: 2328-4277
PURE UUID: ba03b629-96e9-4492-a8f7-2cfd0ad445a5
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Date deposited: 06 Oct 2020 17:12
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 07:55
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Author:
S. J. Kelly
Author:
E. Popova
Author:
Y. Aksenov
Author:
A. Yool
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