Massive blooms of Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler (Raphidophyceae) in a hypereutrophic, tropical Estuary-Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Massive blooms of Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler (Raphidophyceae) in a hypereutrophic, tropical Estuary-Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Cell concentrations of the potentially harmful raphidophyte Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler were quantified in surface waters of Guanabara Bay, a heavily eutrophicated estuarine system in tropical Brazil, from February 2014 to January 2018. Cells were imaged and quantified in live samples by means of an automated imaging system (FlowCam®). Bloom episodes (> 0.1 × 10 6 cells L -1 ) were observed in 37 samples, mostly in a shallow (< 10 m) area with extremely high nutrient and organic matter loads (average total P = 19 μM and total N = 344 μM), intermediate salinity (average 24.5), and low water transparency (average Secchi depth = 0.54 m) due to continental runoff. Blooms in this area reached up to 13.3 × 10 6 cells L -1. C. subsalsa cell concentration was correlated with parameters linked to eutrophication of the bay. On a monthly basis, C. subsalsa abundance was correlated with a period of positive Multivariated El Niño/Southern Oscilation Index (MEI) that lasted from the beginning of 2015 to mid-2016 (known as Godzilla El Niño), indicating a potential influence of regional climate on the occurrence of C. subsalsa. Notably, at least six fish kill episodes were reported in the Bay during this period which, added to the toxicity of C. subsalsa strains isolated from the bay to Artemia nauplia (48h-LC 50 = 7.3 × 10 6 cells L -1 ), highlights the threat that this HAB species poses to the environment. This is the first report of recurrent, massive C. subsalsa blooms in Guanabara Bay. Regardless of the influence of climatic forcing in favoring C. subsalsa development, reducing nutrient loads would be the best strategy to mitigate blooms of this and other potentially harmful algae in Guanabara Bay.
Chattonella subsalsa, Climate, Eutrophication, Guanabara Bay, Harmful algae, MEI
Viana, Tatiana V.
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Fistarol, Giovana O.
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Amario, Michelle
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Menezes, Rafael B.
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Carneiro, Beatriz L.R.
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Chaves, Daisyane M.
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Hargreaves, Paulo I.
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Silva-Lima, Arthur W.
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Valentin, Jean L.
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Tenenbaum, Denise R.
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Arruda, Edilson F.
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Paranhos, Rodolfo
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Salomon, Paulo S.
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March 2019
Viana, Tatiana V.
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Fistarol, Giovana O.
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Amario, Michelle
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Menezes, Rafael B.
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Carneiro, Beatriz L.R.
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Chaves, Daisyane M.
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Hargreaves, Paulo I.
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Silva-Lima, Arthur W.
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Valentin, Jean L.
49570042-453c-4c10-bc30-0a611a82a706
Tenenbaum, Denise R.
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Arruda, Edilson F.
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Paranhos, Rodolfo
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Salomon, Paulo S.
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Viana, Tatiana V., Fistarol, Giovana O., Amario, Michelle, Menezes, Rafael B., Carneiro, Beatriz L.R., Chaves, Daisyane M., Hargreaves, Paulo I., Silva-Lima, Arthur W., Valentin, Jean L., Tenenbaum, Denise R., Arruda, Edilson F., Paranhos, Rodolfo and Salomon, Paulo S.
(2019)
Massive blooms of Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler (Raphidophyceae) in a hypereutrophic, tropical Estuary-Guanabara Bay, Brazil.
Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, [85].
(doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00085).
Abstract
Cell concentrations of the potentially harmful raphidophyte Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler were quantified in surface waters of Guanabara Bay, a heavily eutrophicated estuarine system in tropical Brazil, from February 2014 to January 2018. Cells were imaged and quantified in live samples by means of an automated imaging system (FlowCam®). Bloom episodes (> 0.1 × 10 6 cells L -1 ) were observed in 37 samples, mostly in a shallow (< 10 m) area with extremely high nutrient and organic matter loads (average total P = 19 μM and total N = 344 μM), intermediate salinity (average 24.5), and low water transparency (average Secchi depth = 0.54 m) due to continental runoff. Blooms in this area reached up to 13.3 × 10 6 cells L -1. C. subsalsa cell concentration was correlated with parameters linked to eutrophication of the bay. On a monthly basis, C. subsalsa abundance was correlated with a period of positive Multivariated El Niño/Southern Oscilation Index (MEI) that lasted from the beginning of 2015 to mid-2016 (known as Godzilla El Niño), indicating a potential influence of regional climate on the occurrence of C. subsalsa. Notably, at least six fish kill episodes were reported in the Bay during this period which, added to the toxicity of C. subsalsa strains isolated from the bay to Artemia nauplia (48h-LC 50 = 7.3 × 10 6 cells L -1 ), highlights the threat that this HAB species poses to the environment. This is the first report of recurrent, massive C. subsalsa blooms in Guanabara Bay. Regardless of the influence of climatic forcing in favoring C. subsalsa development, reducing nutrient loads would be the best strategy to mitigate blooms of this and other potentially harmful algae in Guanabara Bay.
Text
fmars-06-00085
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Accepted/In Press date: 13 February 2019
e-pub ahead of print date: 13 March 2019
Published date: March 2019
Keywords:
Chattonella subsalsa, Climate, Eutrophication, Guanabara Bay, Harmful algae, MEI
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 444756
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/444756
ISSN: 2296-7745
PURE UUID: b40e1ddf-e597-47c8-a278-786992faa1b5
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Date deposited: 03 Nov 2020 17:32
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 03:59
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Contributors
Author:
Tatiana V. Viana
Author:
Giovana O. Fistarol
Author:
Michelle Amario
Author:
Rafael B. Menezes
Author:
Beatriz L.R. Carneiro
Author:
Daisyane M. Chaves
Author:
Paulo I. Hargreaves
Author:
Arthur W. Silva-Lima
Author:
Jean L. Valentin
Author:
Denise R. Tenenbaum
Author:
Edilson F. Arruda
Author:
Rodolfo Paranhos
Author:
Paulo S. Salomon
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