Physical layer security of spatially modulated sparse-code multiple access in aeronautical ad-hoc networking

For improving the throughput while simultaneously enhancing the security in aeronautical ad-hoc networking (AANET), a channel quality indicator (CQI)-mapped spatially modulated sparse code multiple access (SM-SCMA) scheme is proposed in this paper. On one hand, we exploit the joint benefits of spatial modulation and SCMA for boosting the data rate. On the other hand, a physical-layer secret key is generated by varying the SM-SCMA mapping patterns based on the instantaneous CQI in the desired link. This guarantees the security of AANETs, since this secret key is not exchanged between the source aeroplane and its destination. Due to the line-of-sight (LoS) propagation in the AANET, other aeroplanes or eavesdroppers may detect the signals delivered in the desired link. However, they are unable to translate the detected signals into the original confidential information, even if multiple copies of the signals are recoined over multiple hops of the AANET, because they have no knowledge of the CQI-based SM-SCMA mapping pattern. The performance of the CQI-mapped SM-SCMA is evaluated in terms of both its bit error rate and its ergodic secrecy rate, which substantiates that the proposed scheme secures the confidential
information exchange in the multi-hop AANET.

Ad hoc networks, Aeronautical ad-hoc networking (AANET), Aircraft, Doppler shift, NOMA, Security, Spread spectrum communication, Throughput, physical layer security (PLS), sparse code multiple access (SCMA), spatial modulation (SM)

10.1109/TVT.2021.3059486

0018-9545

2436-2447

Liu, Yusha

711a72e8-e8be-4be4-a79d-ea1413e7012a

Yang, Yuli

b7c4539f-dd16-4156-91f8-7f11e93b43e1

Yang, Lie-Liang

ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7

Hanzo, Lajos

66e7266f-3066-4fc0-8391-e000acce71a1

March 2021

Liu, Yusha

711a72e8-e8be-4be4-a79d-ea1413e7012a

Yang, Yuli

b7c4539f-dd16-4156-91f8-7f11e93b43e1

Yang, Lie-Liang

ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7

Hanzo, Lajos

66e7266f-3066-4fc0-8391-e000acce71a1

Liu, Yusha, Yang, Yuli, Yang, Lie-Liang and Hanzo, Lajos (2021) Physical layer security of spatially modulated sparse-code multiple access in aeronautical ad-hoc networking. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70 (3), 2436-2447, [9354928]. (doi:10.1109/TVT.2021.3059486).

Record type: Article

Abstract

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Accepted/In Press date: 12 February 2021

e-pub ahead of print date: 16 February 2021

Published date: March 2021

Additional Information: Funding Information: Manuscript received August 17, 2020; revised January 3, 2021 and February 11, 2021; accepted February 12, 2021. Date of publication February 16, 2021; date of current version April 2, 2021. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Project EP/P034284/1. The work of Lajos Hanzo was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Projects EP/P034284/1 and EP/P003990/1 (COALESCE) as well as of the European Research Council’s Advanced Fellow Grant QuantCom under Grant 789028. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. Jingon Joung. (Corresponding author: Lajos Hanzo.) Yusha Liu, Lie-Liang Yang, and Lajos Hanzo are with the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K (e-mail: yl6g15@ecs.soton.ac.uk; lly@ecs.soton.ac.uk; lh@ecs.soton.ac.uk). Publisher Copyright: © 1967-2012 IEEE.

Keywords: Ad hoc networks, Aeronautical ad-hoc networking (AANET), Aircraft, Doppler shift, NOMA, Security, Spread spectrum communication, Throughput, physical layer security (PLS), sparse code multiple access (SCMA), spatial modulation (SM)

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