READ ME File For 'Dataset for: Disentangling the effects of ecology and life history on ectothermic temperature-size responses' Dataset DOI: 10.5258/SOTON/D1799 ReadMe Author: Rebecca Wilson, University of Southampton, ORCID ID 0000-0002-5705-6078 This dataset supports the thesis entitled 'Disentangling the effects of ecology and life history on ectothermic temperature-size responses' AWARDED BY: Univeristy of Southampton DATE OF AWARD: 2021 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA This dataset contains: Data from Chapter 4 of the thesis (Temporal and spatial trends in the size and shape of rocky shore gastropods across the UK) and from chapter 5 (Natural history collections as proxies for spatial and seasonal abundance patterns: a test using butterflies and snails). CHAPTER 4 DATA - This dataset includes the measurements taken for each of the seven studied gastropod species in the field and museums. Date of data collection: Field data was collected between October 2016 and March 2020. Museum specimens were collected between 1825 and 2009. Information about geographic location of data collection: Chapter 4 data - Field data was collected in the Outer Herbides Scotland and the South West and South East England coastlines. Museum data was collected from the NHM (London), Oxford University of Natural Histoy, National Museum Wales (Cardiff), National Museum Scotland and spatial covergae included all areas of the UK coastline. Collection methods: Each species was measured in two dimensions, a primary size measurement and a secondary measurement so that shape could be calculated (see below). For L. littorea, height was the primary measurement and width was the secondary measurement. For S. umbilicalis, S. cineraria and P. lineatus, the diameter (primary measurement) and height of the shells were measured, and for P. vulgata, P. ulyssiponensis and P. depressa, length (primary measurement) and width of the shells were measured. For some species, a threshold size was used for the primary measurement to ensure that only the largest individuals were sampled as I am only interested in comparisons between adult sizes in analyses of those species. For L. littorea, only individuals with a height of 20 mm or more were included, while P. vulgata, P. ulyssiponensis and P. depressa needed to measure at least 40 mm, 30 mm and 20 mm in length respectively. Museum specimens were only included if they had good quality metadata, such as a specific location (i.e. name of a town or beach rather than just a county) and a year of collection or enough information to estimate the latest possible date of collection (based on biographic information of the collector). The location data was georeferenced to give latitude and longitude co-ordinates for each specimen. In the field, for L. littorea and the three limpet species (Patella spp.), a timed search and measure was carried out for 45 minutes across the site, measuring only those individuals over the threshold size. For the Steromphala spp. and P. lineatus, a three-minute timed search and collection was carried out at four different locations on the shore to ensure a range of shore heights in the littoral zone was included. In both the museum and field data, the locations were split into areas; North East UK (museum data only), North West UK, South East UK and South West UK. The North-South divide ran parallel from the northern most point of Wales. In the South, the East-West divide was to the west of the Isle of Wight (at a longitude of around 001.600°W), while in the North, the divide was between East and West Scotland with the divide in the northern most parts at around 004°W. The museum data was also split into year groups; earliest date of collection-1922, 1923-1969, 1970-1989 and 1990-latest date of collection. If the exact year was not given for museum specimens, obituaries and other biographic information held at the museums were useful in finding a latest possible date of collection, these dates were then used to create groupings so that these estimated dates would easily fit into a group. Data file collumns: ID - individual identification number given to data collected, Genus, Species, Area - part of the UK specimen was located - areas outlined above, NS - whether data was from North or South UK, EW - whether data was from East or West UK, Lat - latitude of specimen location, Lon - longitude of specimen location, Year - year of collection/field measurement, YearGroup - date range the specimen was collected in (as outlined above), Type - whether data is museum or field data, Size1 - size in mm of the primary measurement (as defined above), Ln(S1) - Natural log of the size 1 measurement, Size2 - measurement in mm of the secondary measurement (as defined above), Ln(S2) - Natural log of the size 2 measurement, Shape - aspect ratio of each specimen calculated as shape 1:shape 2, Ln(Shape) - Natural log of shape. CHAPTER 5 DATA - Gastropod spatial data and butterfly temporal data used to compare abundance patterns of museum collections and field study data. Gastorpod data - data collection - field data was collected between 2000 and 2010. For museum data, specimens dated back to the 1800's onwards, but year of collection was not included in data analyses. Geographic location - data was collected from Washington, USA, to Baja California Sur, Mexico; 48N to 26N Collection methods: Field data were obtained from the Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network (MARINe), using quadrat data from biodiversity surveys. Within each quadrat, the numbers of each mobile invertebrate species present were recorded. Some sites had a different number of quadrats, but these data were excluded to ensure consistency in collection methods between sites. Furthermore, some sites were sampled in multiple years and therefore I averaged the count numbers of each species across years at these sites. The full sampling methods used by MARINe can be found at https://marine.ucsc.edu/ methods/biodiversity-methods.html) The museum data were obtained from meta-data taken from searches of collections on museum data portals and for L. gigantea, from Fenberg and Rivadeneira (2011). The museums used were: Los Angeles County Museum, San Diego Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, California Academy, Hertz private collection (San Diego), Scripps Institute of Oceanography (Benthic Invertebrate Collection), Burke Museum (Seattle), University of California Museum of Palaeontology, and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Specimen data were obtained from data portals for California Academy (http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/izg/iz_coll_db/index.asp), Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/izg/ iz_coll_db/ index.asp), the Smithsonian (https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/iz/), and GBIF (gbif.org; Groves and Mertz, 2020). Specimens were only included where a latitude or an exact location (which could be converted into latitude) was given, and islands were excluded. The latitudes of the collection sites were used for analysis to give a count of the number of individuals at each latitude. This was done for the field data and the museum data separately. The count data for museum specimens were not averaged across years (unlike the field data) as many sites only had data from one year. Data file collumns: Species, Source - field or museum data, Latitude - latitude of the collection site for each specimen/individual Butterfly data - data collection - field data was UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme data obtained between 1976 and 2018, and museum specimens were collected between 1847 and 1996. Geographic location - For P. bellargus, museum and UKBMS data were from Folkestone, and for P. icarus, data were from Kent. For A. agestis, L. phlaeas and P. napi, museum data was from all UK sites and UKBMS data was from Hertfordshire. For A. agestis, UKBMS data was also from Dorset and for P. napi, from Devon. Collection methods: For the field collected data, weekly count data throughout the flight season (recorded from 1st April to 30th September) were obtained from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS) for years between 1976 and 2018. For the museum data, collection dates (converted into number of specimens collected each week) were obtained from meta-data of specimens held in the Natural History Museum (NHM) Lepidoptera collections. The weekly count data were combined across years to give a total count per week for both the field and museum data. Note - week 1 starts on 1st April, and weeks are numbered sequentially following this (i.e. week 2 starts 8th April). Data file collumns: Species, Source - NHM or UKBMS, Week - week of collection or sighting (as described above). Licence: CC-BY Related projects/Funders: Natural Environment Research Council, research grant number NE/L002531/1 Note - The data from Chapter 2 is available from the Dryad Digital Repository (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.f5cf448). The data from Chapter 3 is available on Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.3732132). Date that the file was created: June 2021