ID,Label,Authors,In-Conference References,In-Conference Cited By,Total References,Conference Proceedings,Conference Title,Conference Abbreviation,Conference Year,DOI URL,Author Names,First Author,Article Type,DOI PDF URL,Keywords,Spatial Hypertext,Abstract
3154184272,"KMS: A Distributed Hypermedia System for Managing Knowledge in Organizations","Akscyn, McKracken & Yoder",0,7,18,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317428","Robert Akscyn, Donald McKracken, Elise Yoder","Robert Akscyn","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317428","","false","KMS is a commercial hypermedia system developed by Knowledge Systems for networks of heterogeneous workstations. It is designed to support organization-wide collaboration for a broad range of applications, such as electronic publishing, software engineering, project management, computer-aided design and on-line documentation. KMS is a successor to the ZOG system developed at Carnegie Mellon University from 1972 to 1985.
A KMS database consists of screen-sized WYSIWYG workspaces called frames that contain text, graphics and image items. Single items in frames can be linked to other frames. They may also be used to invoke programs. The database can be distributed across an indefinite number of file servers and be as large as available disk space permits. Independently developed KMS databases can be linked together.
The KMS user interface uses an extreme form of direct manipulation. A single browser/editor is used to traverse the database and manipulate its contents. Over 85% of the user’s interaction is direct—a single point-and-click designates both object and operation. Running on Sun and Apollo workstations, KMS accesses and displays frames in less than one second, on average.
This paper describes KMS and how it addresses a number of hypermedia design issues."
3154184273,"HAM: A General-purpose Hypertext Abstract Machine","Campbell & Goodman",0,8,7,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317429","Brad Campbell, Joseph M. Goodman","Brad Campbell","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317429","","false","The Hypertext Abstract Machine (HAM) is a general-purpose, transaction-based, server for a hypertext storage system. The server is designed to handle multiple users in a networked environment. The storage system consists of a collection of contexts, nodes, links, and attributes that make up a hypertext graph. This paper demonstrates the HAM’s versatility by showing how Guide1 buttons. Intermedia webs, and NoteCards FileBoxes can be implemented using the HAM’s storage model."
3154184274,"Turning Ideas into Products: The Guide System","Brown",0,23,7,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317430","P. J. Brown","P. J. Brown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317430","","false","The Guide system is a successful commercial product that originally came out of some ideas of a research project. Unlike many other hypertext systems, Guide is aimed at naive users and authors in the personal computer market. This paper evaluates the basic principles of Guide, and describes the interplay between the product and the continuing hypertext research programme."
3154184275,"Hypertext and Creative Writing","Bolter & Joyce",0,20,3,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317431","Jay David Bolter, Michael Joyce","Jay David Bolter","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317431","","false","Among its many uses, hypertext can serve as a medium for a new kind of flexible, interactive fiction. Storyspace™ is a hypertext system we have created for authoring and reading such fiction. Interactive fiction in the computer medium is a continuation of the modern “tradition” of experimental literature in print. However, the computer frees both author and reader from restrictions imposed by the printed medium and therefore allows new experiments in literary structure."
3154184276,"From the Old to the New: Intergrating Hypertext into Traditional Scholarship","Crane",0,3,1,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317432","Gregory Crane","Gregory Crane","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317432","","false","Hypertext allows academics to structure and manipulate their ideas in a radically new way, but it should also reinforce traditional scholarly activity. Those designing Hypertext systems that are intended for the general academic market must be careful to support not only new possibilities, but those functions with which academics are already familiar. Further, many scholars hope that their documents will be useful for decades to come. We need standard document architectures that will separate a particular Hypertext from the system in which it was designed."
3154184277,"Searching for Information in a Hypertext Medical Handbook","Frisse",0,1,22,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317433","Mark Edwin Frisse","Mark Edwin Frisse","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317433","","false","Effective information retrieval from large medical hypertext systems will require a combination of browsing and full-text document retrieval techniques. Using a prototype hypertext medical therapeutics handbook, I discuss one approach to information retrieval problems in hypertext. This approach responds to a query by initially treating each hypertext card as a full-text document. It then utilizes information about document structure to propagate weights to neighboring cards and produces a ranked list of potential starting points for graphical browsing."
3154184278,"Hypertext and Pluralism: From Lineal to Non-lineal Thinking","Beeman et al.",0,3,27,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317434","Wiliam O. Beeman, Kenneth T. Anderson, Gail Bader, James Larkin, Anne P. McClard, Patrick McQuillan, Mark Shields","Wiliam O. Beeman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317434","","false","One goal of American and Northern European higher education is to promote acquisition of a pluralistic cognitive style, which has as an important property— non-lineality. This paper investigates the effects of using of an advanced hypertext/hypermedia system, Intermedia, to develop instructional materials for two university courses in English and Biology intended to promote acquisition of non-lineal thinking. Use of Intermedia is shown to produce significant learning effects, which are somewhat more pronounced for persons involved in developing materials than for students using the system."
3154184279,"Hypertext Habitats: Experiences of Writers in NoteCards","Trigg & Irish",0,10,17,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317435","Randall H. Trigg, Peggy M. Irish","Randall H. Trigg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317435","","true","This paper reports on an investigation into the use of the NoteCards hypertext system for writing. We describe a wide variety of personal styles adopted by 20 researchers at Xerox as they “inhabit” NoteCards. This variety is displayed in each of their writing activities: notetaking, organizing and reorganizing their work, maintaining references and bibliographies, and preparing documents. In addition, we discuss the distinctive personal decisions made as to which activities are appropriate for NoteCards in the first place. Finally, we conclude with a list of recommendations for system designers arising from this work."
3154184280,"Comprehending Non-linear Text: The Role of Discourse Cues and Reading Strategies","Charney",0,5,21,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317436","Davida Charney","Davida Charney","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317436","","false","By studying the structure of written discourse and the processes by which readers acquire information from texts, we have learned a great deal about how to design texts that facilitate learning. However, recent advances in computer technology have enabled the development of new forms of text that violate standard assumptions of what texts are like. These new forms may pose serious problems for learning because they lack discourse features that readers rely on for assimilating new information. In particular, readers traditionally rely on the writer to determine the sequence of topics and to employ conventional cues that signal relationships among topics, such as relative importance or chronology. However, on-line hypertext systems present texts non-linearly, requiring readers to decide what information to read and in what order. This paper assesses the potential impact of non-linear texts on theories of discourse and on current cognitive theories of text processing. It also describes research in progress on readers’ sequencing strategies in hypertext. Research on the effect of hypertext on reading will have important practical implications for designing hypertext systems that satisfy readers’ needs."
3154184282,"Hypertext and the New Oxford English Dictionary","Raymond & Tompa",0,4,13,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317438","Darrell R. Raymond, Frank Wm. Tompa","Darrell R. Raymond","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317438","","false","An alternative to manual composition of hypertext databases is conversion from existing texts. Such conversion often requires careful analysis of the text document in order to determine how best to represent its structure. We illustrate some of the issues of conversion with an analysis of the Oxford English Dictionary."
3154184284,"SuperBook: An Automatic Tool for Information Exploration–Hypertext?","Remde, Gomez & Landauer",0,7,12,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317440","Joel R. Remde, Louis M. Gomez, Thomas K. Landauer","Joel R. Remde","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317440","","false","The goals and methods of the text browser, SuperBook, are compared with those of hypertext systems in general. SuperBook, intended to provide improved access to text existing in electronic form, employs cognitive tools arising from human computer interaction research, such as full-text indexing, adaptive aliasing, and dynamic views of hierarchical information. Superbook automatically preprocesses on-line text written for paper publication, and produces a multi-window display, including a dynamic table of contents, pages of text, and a history of search words. Although SuperBook and hypertext share common goals of improved search and navigation, SuperBook is designed for accessing existing documents while most hypertext systems are better suited for authoring new information structures. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of each of these kinds of systems."
3154184285,"User Interface Design for the Hyperties Electronic Encyclopedia","Shneiderman",0,9,11,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317441","Ben Shneiderman","Ben Shneiderman","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317441","","false","Printed books were an enormous stimulus to science, culture, commerce, and entertainment. Electronic books and hypertext systems may produce a similar stimulus in the next century, but current designs are poor. Typical screens are too small, too slow, too complicated, and too hard to read. With careful attention to the user interface and the underlying technology, we have a chance to create a new medium that is potentially more attractive and effective than printed books in many situations.
Electronic books can have color, animation, sound, rapid access, compactness, rapid traversal and search, user annotation, electronic dissemination and updating, dynamic text to reflect the user’s needs, and other features yet undreamed of."
3154184286,"A Hypertext Writing Environment and Its Cognitive Basis","Smith, Weiss & Ferguson",0,12,14,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317442","John B. Smith, Stephen F. Weiss, Gordon J. Ferguson","John B. Smith","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317442","","false","WE is a hypertext writing environment that can be used to create both electronic and printed documents. It is intended for professionals who work within a computer network of professional workstations. Since writing is a complex mental activity that uses many different kinds of thinking, WE was designed in accord with an explicit cognitive model for writing. That model raises several important questions for both electronic and printed documents. The paper includes a discussion of the underlying cognitive model, a description of WE as it currently exists and as it will be extended in the near future, as well as a brief outline of experiments being conducted to evaluate both the model and the system. It concludes by re-examining some of the issues raised by the cognitive model in light of WE, especially the rote of constraints in hypertext systems."
3154184287,"Constraint-based Hypertext for Argumentation","Smolensky et al.",0,8,30,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317443","Paul Smolensky, Brigham Bell, Barbara Fox, Roger King, Clayton Lewis","Paul Smolensky","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317443","","false","In this paper we describe a hypertext system we are developing for the support of reasoned argumentation: the EUCLID project. We use the project to address two general problems arising with hypertext: the problems of controlling user/document interaction, and the problem of controlling the screen. We suggest that guiding users’ interaction with hypertext is difficult because of the unique form of discourse that hypertext represents, and that structuring user/document interaction can be achieved through specializing to a particular type of material and designing the hypertext system to respect the particular discourse structure characteristic of that material. EUCLID’s design is tuned to the structure of reasoned discourse. The problem of screen management in EUCLID is a serious one, because our presentation of complex arguments requires mapping the complex logical relations between parts of realistic arguments onto complex spatial relations between items in the display. We describe a general system we are developing which provides this high degree of control for hypertext screen management. This system represents a constraint-based approach to hypertext, in which the items from the underlying database that are to be displayed may each contribute a number of constraints on the layout; a general constraint-satisfier then computes a screen layout that simultaneously satisfies these constraints. Each time an item is to be added to or deleted from the screen, the constraint set is adjusted and the screen layout is recomputed; thus the spatial relationships on the screen provide at all times a veridical representation of the underlying relations between displayed database items. This kind of strong screen control is demanded by hypertext applications which, like ours, are fine grained: the number of nodes and links being displayed number in the hundreds."
3154184288,"gIBIS: A Hypertext Tool for Team Design Deliberation","Conklin & Begeman",0,17,6,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317444","Jeff Conklin, Michael L. Begeman","Jeff Conklin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317444","","false","This paper introduces an application-specific hypertext system designed to facilitate the capture of early design deliberations, which implements a specific design method called Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS). The hypertext system described here, gIBIS(for graphical IBIS), makes use of color and a high speed relational database server to facilitate building and browsing typed IBIS networks. Further, gIBIS is designed to support the collaborative construction of these networks by any number of cooperating team members spread across a local area network. Early experiments suggest that the gIBIS tool, while still incomplete, forges a good match between graphical interface and design method even in this experimental version."
3154184289,"Exploring Representation Problems Using Hypertext","Marshall",0,7,7,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317445","Catherine C. Marshall","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317445","","true","Hypertext is a technology well-suited to exploring different kinds of representational problems. It can be used first as an informal mechanism to describe the attributes of objects and to capture relationships between the objects. Then hypertext structures can be constrained into a more formal representation of a domain, model, or analytic technique. A range of strategies for using hypertext can be employed to describe a problem and converge on an appropriate representation; competing representations can be informally evaluated to compare their relative expressive power. This paper discusses several applications that have used NoteCards, a hypertext idea processing system, to tackle representation problems. Examples from each problem domain have been collected using the hypertext system as the initial acquisition vehicle. Subsequent analysis using hypertext structuring tools has revealed the semantics of each problem domain enabling the development of competing representations. Abstraction of the structure and form of these representations can be used to guide system extensions. These tailored extensions support the evaluation of a representation’s relative merits; the representation that has been developed in response to a particular problem can be applied to analogous problems to determine the limits of its scope. The first application described in this paper models a type of policy decision-making process; the second looks at approaches to representing the logical structure of an argument; and the third suggests some methods for capturing the structure of a political organization as an alternative to a conventional database design. The applications are discussed in terms of the issues they raise and the trade-offs they involve, how hypertext-based tools have been used to exploit the representations, and the solutions and techniques that have been developed in the process of creating each representation."
3154184290,"Thoth-II: Hypertext with Explicit Semantics","Collier",0,8,31,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317446","George H. Collier","George H. Collier","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317446","","false","This paper describes a hypertext system — Thoth-II. This system provides a rich means for modeling semantic interconnections among texts. It allows a user to browse texts, exploring their relations with other texts. These relations are modeled by a directed graph. The texts are embedded in the graph. Connections among specified phrases in the text and the graph structure are automatically formed. In the browsing mode the user is presented with an interactive graphic display of the directed graph. In the text mode the user can use multiple windows to display and interact with the stored text."
3154184291,"The Architecture of Static Hypertexts","Oren",0,4,52,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317447","Tim Oren","Tim Oren","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317447","","false","This paper’s purpose is to describe how the hypertext technique can make CD-ROM (and other static storage media) a more comfortable environment for human use. I begin by considering implementation issues for hypertext on CD-ROM and surveying currently available products. I suggest desirable goals for the use of hypertext on the static CD medium, and propose that their achievement will follow from a correct choice of conventions of use and construction of the hypertext database. Such goals include augmenting text search algorithms, recovering lost benefits of the print medium, designing meaningful connections between documents to assist human communications, and allowing variable interactivity with the user."
3154184292,"Document Examiner: Delivery Interface for Hypertext Documents","Walker",0,8,20,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317448","Janet H. Walker","Janet H. Walker","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317448","","false","This paper describes the user interface strategy of Document Examiner, a delivery interface for commercial hypertext documents. Unlike many hypertext interfaces, Document Examiner does not adopt the directed graph as its fundamental user-visible navigation model. Instead it offers context evaluation and content-based searching capabilities that are based on consideration of the strategies that people use in interacting with paper documents."
3154184293,"The Hype in Hypertext: A Critique","Raskin",0,2,1,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317449","Jef Raskin","Jef Raskin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317449","","false","Hypertext has received a lot of mostly uncritical attention. The author sees it as one part inspiration and nine parts hyperbole. A number of user interface and technical problems are discussed."
3154184294,"Relationally Encoded Links and the Rhetoric of Hypertext","Landow",0,22,13,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317450","George P. Landow","George P. Landow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317450","","true","More than two years’ work on designing, writing, editing, and linking documents in Context32 [Land86], the first course employing Intermedia developed at Brown University’s IRIS (Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship), has provided valuable experience of hypertext and hypermedia systems. Context32, which contains more than a thousand text and graphic files joined by approximately 1300 links, appears the most ambitious implementation thus far of a full hypertext and hypermedia system intended for multiple users. Members of the development team at IRIS have previously described various aspects of Intermedia’s object-oriented programming [Meyr86], general design [Meyr85, Yank87a, Yank87b1, and educational goals [Land871. This paper presents conclusions about what works best at each end of a hypertext path or linkway and proposes that, like other forms of discourse, hypertext requires systems of conjunctive and other relational devices."
3154184295,"Reflections on NoteCards: Seven Issues for the Next Generation of Hypermedia Systems","Halasz",0,15,26,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317451","Frank G. Halasz","Frank G. Halasz","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317451","","false","NoteCards is a general hypermedia environment designed to help people work with ideas. Its intended users are authors, designers, and other intellectual laborers engaged in analyzing information, designing artifacts, and generally processing ideas. The system provides these users with a variety of hypermedia-based tools for collecting, representing, managing, interrelating, and communicating ideas. This paper presents the NoteCards system as a foil against which to explore some of the major limitations of the current generation of hypermedia systems. In doing so, this paper highlights seven of the major issues that must be addressed in the next generation of hypermedia systems. These seven issues are: search and query, composite nodes, virtual structures, computational engines, versioning, collaborative work, and tailorability. For each of these issues, the papers describes the limitations inherent in NoteCards and the prospects for doing improving the situation in future systems."
3154184297,"Abstraction Mechanisms in Hypertext","Garg",0,3,24,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317453","Pankaj K. Garg","Pankaj K. Garg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317453","","false","Abstraction is the means by which information can be stored and retrieved from an information structure at different levels of detail and from different perspectives. As such, abstraction mechanisms in hypertext are interesting to study and evaluate. In this paper we study the abstraction mechanisms in hypertext from a theoretical perspective. Abstractions then become various first-order logic formulae. Specifically we consider abstractions: sets, sequences, aggregations, generalizations, revisions, and information structures. Interesting results of this work are the definition of level of generality of a hypertext node, the demonstration of revision histories as a partial order, and the notion of compatible-similar nodes. Also defined in this paper is the notion of primitive hypertexts versus application hypertexts, and the usage of attributes of nodes (illustrated by the use of keywords) across various abstractions. An illustration of the concepts is given using the contexts mechanism suggested by Delisle and Schwartz [DS87]."
3154184298,"Manipulating Source Code in DynamicDesign","Bigelow & Riley",0,6,7,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317454","James Bigelow, Victor Riley","James Bigelow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317454","","false","DynamicDesign is a Computer-Aided Software Engineering environment for the C language with a layered system architecture for modularity and versatility. DynamicDesign is composed of facilities to edit hypertext objects, maneuver thorough hypertext graphs, build a hypertext graph from a set of existing C source files, and browse source code, documents and system requirements. This paper discusses the DynamicDesign facilities that deal with the source code, sourceBrowser, and source tree builder utilities. GraphBuild is a utility used to convert C source code into a hypertext source graph, based on the program’s call tree. A data dictionary is constructed for the program that contains its local and global variables. The source browser allows the user to traverse, view, and edit a source code tree. Additional facilities for understanding and maintaining the source code and its auxiliary documentation are provided by the browser."
3154184299,"On Designing Intelligent Hypertext Systems for Information Management in Software Engineering","Garg & Scacchi",0,1,39,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '87","1987","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/317426.317455","Pankaj K. Garg, Walt Scacchi","Pankaj K. Garg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/317426.317455","","false","Information management in large scale software engineering is a challenging problem. Hypertext systems are best suited for this purpose because of the diversity in information types that is permitted in the nodes of a hypertext. The integration of a hypertext system with software engineering tools results in a software hypertext system. We describe the design of such a system called DIF. Based on our experiences in using DIF, we recognized the need and the potential for developing a hypertext system that could utilize knowledge about its users and their software tasks and products. Such a system might then be able to act as an active participant in the software process, rather than being just a passive, albeit useful storage facility. As such, we define an Intelligent Software Hypertext System (I-SHYS1) as a software hypertext system which is knowledgeable about its environment and can use such knowledge to assist in the software process. This knowledge is partly embedded in the design of an I-SHYS (in terms of the ‘agents’ that I-SHYS supports) and partly defined during the use of I-SHYS (in terms of tasks that agents perform). We present a framework GOT defining and organizing this knowledge, describe potential uses of such knowledge, identify limits of our approach, and suggest methods for circumventing them."
3154184301,"Scripted Documents: A Hypermedia Path Mechanism","Zellweger",0,38,17,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74225","P. T. Zellweger","P. T. Zellweger","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74225","","false","The concept of a path, or ordered traversal of some links in a hypertext, has been a part of the hypertext notion from its early formation. Although paths can help to solve two major problems with hypertext systems, namely user disorientation and high cognitive overhead for users, their value has not been recognized. Paths can also provide the backbone for computations over a hypertext, an important issue for the future of hypertext. This paper constructs a framework for understanding path mechanisms for hypertext and explores the basic issues surrounding them. Given this framework, it reviews path mechanisms that have been provided by other hypertext systems. Finally, it describes the Scripted Documents system, which has been developed to test the potential of one powerful path mechanism."
3154184302,"Guided Tours and On-line Presentations: How Authors Make Existing Hypertext Intelligible for Readers","Marshall & Irish",3,21,12,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74226","C. C. Marshall, P. M. Irish","C. C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74226","","false","Hypertext systems like NoteCards provide facilities for authoring large networks. But they provide little support for the associated task of making these networks intelligible to future readers. Presentation conventions may be imported from other related media, but because the conventions have not yet been negotiated within a community of hypertext readers and writers, they provide only a partial solution to the problem of guiding a reader through an existing network of information. In this paper, we will discuss how a recent facility, Guided Tours, has been used to organize hypertext networks for presentation. The use of Guided Tours in NoteCards has exposed a set of authoring issues, and has provided us with examples of solutions to the problems associated with on-line presentations."
3154184303,"Programmable Browsing Semantics in Trellis","Furuta & Stotts",1,11,11,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74227","R. Furuta, P. D. Stotts","R. Furuta","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74227","","false","Different researchers have different ideas about how a hypertext should be navigated. Each new implementation of a hypertext browser works slightly differently from previous ones. This is due both to variations in personal taste and to discoveries of new, useful ways to organize and present information.
In this report we outline a technique by which a hypertext system can offer flexible, programmable browsing behavior, or browsing semantics. Differences in the way documents are to be browsed can be specified by an author on a document-by-document basis, or by a style designer for an entire class of documents. The ability to specify and modify how a browser presents information is an important and useful property in general. We first discuss the issues involved in programmable browsing semantics, and then we present one method of providing them within the context of the Trellis project at theUniversity ofMaryland."
3154184304,"Hypermedia Topologies and User Navigation","Van Dyke Parunak",0,11,6,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74228","H. Van Dyke Parunak","H. Van Dyke Parunak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74228","","false","One of the major problems confronting users of large hypermedia systems is that of navigation: knowing where one is, where one wants to go, and how to get there from here. This paper contributes to this problem in three steps. First, it articulates a number of navigational strategies that people use in physical (geographical) navigation. Second, it correlates these with various graph topologies, showing how and why appropriately restricting the connectivity of a hyperbase can improve the ability of users to navigate. Third, it analyzes some common hypermedia navigational mechanisms in terms of navigational strategies and graph topology."
3154184305,"Design Issues for Multi-document Hypertexts","Glushko",2,15,23,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74229","R. J. Glushko","R. J. Glushko","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74229","","false","Vannevar Bush conceived of hypertext as the “computer glue” that binds information from a wide variety of books, documents, communications, and other artifacts to enhance its accessibility and usefulness. However, most of the recent hyper-activity in research labs and in the marketplace falls short of Bush’s vision. Most hypertext software is oriented toward hypertext as a new form of writing via incremental combination of bits and pieces of information. These hypertext programs typically provide little support for converting existing information from its more linear printed form, Where hypertexts have been created from existing text, they generally have been converted from a single encyclopedia ([Glus88], [Oren87]), a single reference document (D%isSS], [Per188], [Paym88]), or a single system’s documentation ([Egan89], [Walk88a]). Hypertexts that integrate the complete contents of more than one book or large document seem nonexistent, even though the expected benefits from such multi-document hypertexts were the original motivation for the concept."
3154184306,"Asynchronous Design/Evaluation Methods for Hypertext Technology Development","Perlman",2,1,27,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74230","G. Perlman","G. Perlman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74230","","false","A process model used in the design and evaluation of hypertext systems is discussed. The model includes asynchronous processes of task analysis, document analysis, literature survey and systems evaluation, interpretation of data, designing and building systems, and collecting data. For each process, experiences with NaviText™ SAM, a hypertext interface to a reference source, are discussed. A variety of new methods for evaluation of experimental systems are presented along with several empirical results."
3154184307,"Towards a Design Language for Representing Hypermedia Cues","Evenson et al.",0,2,9,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74231","S. Evenson, J. Rheinfrank, F. Richardson Smith, W. Wulff","S. Evenson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74231","","false","Hypermedia systems are no longer just interesting experimental software environments. They are common tools in the world of everyday work. People who do not program, but who are computer literate and who want to go beyond the capabilities of word processing, spreadsheet and presentation software packages now use systems like Apple’sHyperCard, Owl’s Guide, Silicon Beach’s Supercard and Xerox’s Notecards not only to communicate, but to perform tasks that involve creating and integrating knowledge. This raises some important issues for designers of hypermedia systems. One of the largest is how to represent which pieces of information are linked (or hyper) and which pieces aren’t, within a given system or task domain. This, in turn, raises the issue of standards. Should representations of hyperness be consistent across systems and work domains, or should there be individual standards for representing hyperness within systems and work domains? The advantage of a standard is that it may assist users in discovering or labeling what is or isn’t hyper across a wide variety of systems. The disadvantage is that a standard severely limits the opportunities for creating systems that are closely connected to the content of specific areas of work, work environments and work tools. Thus, the apparent choice is between adopting a rigid hypermedia cuing standard, or redesigning hypermedia cues for each application."
3154184308,"Facilitating the Development of Representations in Hypertext with IDE","Jordan et al.",3,11,14,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74232","D. S. Jordan, D. M. Russell, A. M. S. Jensen, R. A. Rogers","D. S. Jordan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74232","","false","Hypertext systems are used for a variety of representational tasks, many that involve fairly formalized structures. Because hypertext systems are generally intended for developing informal (unstructured data) and semi-formal (semantic networks) structures, developing more formal structures can be difficult. Regular patterns in structures must often be recreated from primitive elements (individual nodes and links) resulting in a high overhead cost. In this paper we describe the Instructional Design Environment, or IDE, a hypertext system application that facilitates the rapid and accurate creation of regular network patterns in hypertext. IDE focuses on the task of instructional design, but its facilities are general and useful to many representation tasks. IDE features structure accelerators that provide simple menu interfaces to (1) define network structures out of patterns of typed node and link connections, (2) create new node types that contain structured content, and (3) tailor the interface for creating cards, links and structures to focus attention during different stages of the representation task. These mechanisms allow the user to tailor the hypertext environment to better meet his or her representational needs. We also report on the field use of IDE by instructional designers."
3154184309,"JANUS: Integrating Hypertext with a Knowledge-based Design Environment","Fischer, McCall & Morch",2,5,16,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74233","G. Fischer, R. McCall, A. Morch","G. Fischer","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74233","Hypertext, argumentation, construction, construction kits, design environments, human problem-domain communication, informed design, issue-based information systems(IBIS), knowledge-based systems, procedural hierarchy of issues(PHI) methodology","false","Hypertext systems and other complex information stores offer little or no guidance in helping users find information useful for activities they are currently engaged in. Most users are not interested in exploring hypertext information spaces per se but rather in obtaining information to solve problems or accomplish tasks. As a step towards this we have developed the JANUS design environment. JANUS allows designers to construct artifacts in the domain of architectural design and at the same time to be informed about principles of design and the reasoning underlying them. This process integrates two design activities: construction and argumentation. Construction is supported by a knowledge-based graphical design environment and argumentation is supported by a hypertext system. Our empirical evaluations of JANUS and its predecessors has shown that integrated support for construction and argumentation is necessary for full support of design."
3154184310,"Towards an integrated maintenance advisor","Hayes & Pepper",0,4,7,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74234","P. Hayes, J. Pepper","P. Hayes","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74234","","false","Large, complex systems such as telephone switches or aircraft have associated documentation sets that frequently extend to several tens of thousands of pages. When a failure occurs, locating relevant sections of the documentation to determine appropriate corrective action can be time-consuming. The problem is compounded because documentation changes frequently to accommodate engineering changes, product updates, and newly identified problems and solutions. Boeing, for instance, issues a full set of revised documentation every 90 days."
3154184311,"Distributed Hypertext for Collaborative Research: The Virtual Notebook System","Shipman, Chaney & Gorry",0,9,4,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74235","F. M. Shipman, R. J. Chaney, G. A. Gorry","F. M. Shipman","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74235","","false","We are developing the Virtual Notebook System (VNS) to facilitate information acquisition, sharing and management in collaborative work. Our main concern is enhancing the productivity of scientific groups engaged in basic and clinical research in an acaademic medical center. As the name implies, the VNS is an electronic analog to the scientist’s notebook, and it functions as the repository of data, hypotheses and notes, patient information and the like. But unlike the traditional notebook, the VNS is expressly designed to enhance information sharing among the members of scientific teams. A hypertext program we have developed is the foundation for this sharing, and it enables us to integrate into the VNS a variety of computer-based information resources that are so important in biomedicine."
3154184312,"Sun's Link Service: A Protocol for Open Linking","Pearl",4,36,15,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74236","A. Pearl","A. Pearl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74236","","false","Sun’s Link Service, a product shipped with Sun’s programming in the large software development environment, the Network Software Environment, allows users to make and maintain explicit and persistent bidirectional relationships between autonomous front end applications. The Link Service defines a protocol for an extensible and loosely coupled, or open, hypertext system. An interesting instance of this is the ability to link to objects in closed hypertext systems if they integrate with the Link Service. The Link Service addresses link maintenance and automated versioning. Link endpoints, or nodes, are defined by the integrating applications, and are not restricted to points, whole documents, or cards."
3154184313,"A Visual Representation for Knowledge Structures","Travers",0,3,14,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74237","M. Travers","M. Travers","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74237","","false","Knowledge-based systems often represent their knowledge as a network of interrelated units. Such networks are commonly presented to the user as a diagram of nodes connected by lines. These diagrams have provided a powerful visual metaphor for knowledge representation. However, their complexity can easily become unmanageable as the knowledge base (KB) grows. This paper describes an alternate visual representation for navigating knowledge structures, based on a virtual museum metaphor. This representation uses nested boxes rather than linked nodes to represent relations. The intricate structure of the knowledge base is conveyed by a combination of position, size, color, and font cues, MUE (Museum Unit Editor) was implemented using this representation to provide a graphic front end for the Cyc knowledge base."
3154184315,"Hypertext Challenges in the Auditing Domain","DeYoung",0,3,13,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74239","L. DeYoung","L. DeYoung","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74239","","false","Auditing is the process by which an opinion is formed on the financial statements of a company by a group of outside professional accountants. Large numbers of documents pertaining to the company’s business are examined and many more are produced during an audit in order to arrive at and provide a basis for this opinion. These documents contain a wide variety of interrelated information. Capturing these interrelationships is essential to performing an effective audit. Currently, this is accomplished by using a highly-structured, manual hypertext system. While quite effective, the system is difficult and time-consuming to maintain, and can become unwieldy when conducting an audit for a very large company. We are in the process of developing an electronic system to meet the needs of this complex task. The complexity of the referencing system challenges current hypertext and user interface technology. At the same time, the structure of the domain affords an interesting application area within which to explore and more fully develop hypertext techniques. During the course of this project, we are exploring automatic generation of links, automatic generation of documents, hypertext path creation and access, creation of a typed-link topology for the domain, referencing of individual points and regions within documents, linking bodies of hypertext, and many other issues."
3154184316,"Computational Hypertext in Biological Modelling","Schnase & Leggett",1,1,32,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74240","J. L. Schnase, J. J. Leggett","J. L. Schnase","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74240","Computational hypertext, collaboration, hypertext publishing, information management, natural sciences, simulation modelling","false","This paper describes an application of hypertext to a biological research problem. An individual energetics model for Cassin’s Sparrow was developed in which the computations and intellectual activities associated with each phase of the research were performed within an integrated hypertext environment. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of computational hypertext in meeting the personal information management requirements of individual researchers in the natural sciences and its ability to speed the dissemination of research results within a community of scholars. Most important, the study shows how hypertext can be “phased in” to support traditional scholarship in disciplines that are otherwise slow to respond to emerging computer technologies."
3154184317,"Information Retrieval from Hypertext: Update on the Dynamic Medical Handbook Project","Frisse & Cousins",3,10,30,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74241","M. E. Frisse, S. B. Cousins","M. E. Frisse","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74241","","false","This paper attempts to provide a perspective from which to develop a more complete theory of information retrieval from hypertext documents. Viewing hypertexts as large information spaces, we compare two general classes of navigation methods, classes we call local and global. We argue that global methods necessitate some form of “index space” conceptually separate from the hypertext “document space”. We note that the architectures of both spaces effect the ease with which one can apply various information retrieval algorithms. We identify a number of different index space and document space architectures and we discuss some of the associated trade-offs between hypertext functionality and computational complexity. We show how some index space architectures can be exploited for enhanced information retrieval, query refinement, and automated reasoning. Through analysis of a number of prototype systems, we discuss current limitations and future potentials for various hypertext information retrieval structures."
3154184318,"A Retrieval Model Incorporating Hypertext Links","Croft & Turtle",0,15,23,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74242","W. B. Croft, H. Turtle","W. B. Croft","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74242","","false","The field of Information Retrieval (IR) has focused on the development and evaluation of retrieval models for text documents, such as those found in bibliographic databases (Rijs79,Salt83,Belk87]. These retrieval models specify strategies for evaluating documents with respect to a given query, typically resulting in a ranked output. Hypertext researchers, on the other hand, have emphasized flexible organizations of multimedia “nodes” through connections made with user-specified links, and interfaces that facilitate browsing in this network of links. A number of approaches to the integration of query-based retrieval strategies and browsing in hypertext networks have been proposed. The 13R system [Crof87,Thom89] and a medical handbook system described by Frisse [Fris88], for example, use query-based retrieval strategies to form a ranked list of candidate “starting points” for hypertext browsing. The 13R system also uses feedback during browsing to modify the initial query and locate additional starting points. The important issue from an IR perspective is the choice of a retrieval model, and consequently a retrieval strategy, for hypertext. This choice will have an impact on the effectiveness of retrieval and on the system implementation. A retrieval model can also provide a more formal specification of the meaning of some hypertext links."
3154184319,"The Use of Cluster Hierarchies in Hypertext Information Retrieval","Crouch, Crouch & Andreas",0,12,14,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74243","D. B. Crouch, C. J. Crouch, G. Andreas","D. B. Crouch","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74243","","false","The graph-traversal approach to hypertext information retrieval is a conceptualization of hypertext in which the structural aspects of the nodes are emphasized. A user navigates through such hypertext systems by evaluating the semantics associated with links between nodes as well as the information contained in nodes. [Fris88] In this paper we describe an hierarchical structure which effectively supports the graphical traversal of a document collection in a hypertext system. We provide an overview of an interactive browser based on cluster hierarchies. Initial results obtained from the use of the browser in an experimental hypertext retrieval system are presented."
3154184320,"The Matters That Really Matter for Hypertext Usability","Nielsen",0,4,35,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74244","J. Nielsen","J. Nielsen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74244","","false","We compare 92 benchmark measurements of various usability issues related to hypertext which have been published in the hypertext literature in order to find which ones have shown the largest effects."
3154184321,"Expanding the Notion of Links","DeRose",1,18,13,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74245","S. J. DeRose","S. J. DeRose","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74245","","false","Research in the humanities, particularly in text-oriented fields such as Classics and Religious Studies, poses particular challenges to hypertext and hypermedia systems. The complex set of primary and secondary documents form an intricate, highly interconnected network, for the representation of which hypertext is ideal. The variety and quantity of links which are needed pose challenges especially for data structures and for display and navigation tools. The specific needs arise in other contexts as well, particularly those with very large or complicated document collections."
3154184322,"Hypertext and “the Hyperreal”","Moulthrop",1,5,17,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74246","S. Moulthrop","S. Moulthrop","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74246","","false","As the technology of hypertext matures and becomes widespread, the changes it brings to textuality will affect all fields of writing, including those associated with literature. Using an important recent work of hypertextual fiction as a focal point, this paper offers a perspective on hypertext informed by literary and social criticism. It invokes Jean Baudrillards distinction between technologies of displacement (the robot) and technologies of augmentation (the automaton) to argue for the design of texts and systems that are accessible and enabling rather than opaque and objectifying."
3154184323,"Expressing Structural Hypertext Queries in Graphlog","Consens & Mendelzon",2,9,18,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74247","M. P. Consens, A. O. Mendelzon","M. P. Consens","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74247","","false","GraphLog is a visual query language in which queries are formulated by drawing graph patterns. The hyperdocument graph is searched for all occurrences of these patterns. The language is powerful enough to allow the specification and manipulation of arbitrary subsets of the network and supports the computation of aggregate functions on subgraphs of the hyperdocument. It can support dynamically defined structures as well as inference capabilities, going beyond current static and passive hypertext systems. The expressive power of the language is a fundamental issue: too little power limits the applications of the language, while too much makes efficient implementation difficult and probably affects ease of use. The complexity and expressive power of GraphLog can be characterized precisely by using notions from deductive database theory and descriptive complexity. In this paper, from a practical point of view, we present examples of GraphLog queries applied to several different hypertext systems, providing evidence for the expressive power of the language, as well as for the convenience and naturalness of its graphical representation. We also describe an ongoing implementation of the language."
3154184324,"VISAR: A System for Inference and Navigation of Hypertext","Clitherow, Riecken & Muller",3,7,24,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74248","P. Clitherow, D. Riecken, M. Muller","P. Clitherow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74248","","false","Hypertext systems have traditionally been constructed by hand. This process can stand improvement in several aspects: it is laborious; requires a human to understand the text and infer all the relationships between the concepts/topics; and while the resulting hypertext may be traversed by a reader in an arbitrary fashion, s/he may still find it difficult to understand the concepts as expressed by the builder of the hypertext. We present a knowledge-intensive assistant for building hypertext fragments from a knowledge base customised both explicitly and implicitly by a user. Such a presentation may clarify relationships between concepts that were present implicitly in multiple sources of information. In the domain of an intelligent information retrieval system, we show how such an assistant may render customised views of knowledge extracted in a manageable form. While the presentation medium of the original system is graphic, we also speculate that presentation of the information in alternative hypermedia appears to be straightforward."
3154184325,"What to Do when There's Too Much Information","Lesk",0,3,6,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74249","M. Lesk","M. Lesk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74249","","false","Hypertext systems with small units of text are likely to drown the user with information, in the same way that online catalogs or bibliographic retrieval systems often do. Experiments with a catalog of 800,000 book citations have shown two useful ways of dealing with the “too many hits” problem. One is a display of phrases containing the excessively frequent words; another is a display of titles by hierarchical category. The same techniques should apply to other text-based retrieval systems. In general, interactive solutions seem more promising than attempts to do detailed query analysis and get things right the first time."
3154184326,"The Role of External Representation in the Writing Process: Implications for the Design of Hypertext-based Writing Tools","Neuwirth & Kaufer",7,3,49,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74250","C. M. Neuwirth, D. S. Kaufer","C. M. Neuwirth","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74250","","false","The long-range goal of the research reported here is to study the role of hypertext-based external representations in augmenting performance on a cognitively complex task, in particular, on a synthesis writing task. The production of a written synthesis is a challenging task that requires managing large amounts of information over an extended period of time. Thus, synthesis writing is a task that is well-suited for testing the potential of hypertext technologies to support work on complex tasks. From a case study of experts and novices, we have developed a theory of the cognitive processes involved in producing a written synthesis. We have also developed a preliminary theory of the role of external representations in the writing process. We have drawn upon these two theories to design several hypertext-based external representations that we believe will augment writers’ performance on a written synthesis task. The hypertext-based applications include a general graph object and a table object; these objects form the foundation for a set of specialized tools to support synthesis writing, namely, a summary graph, synthesis grid and synthesis tree."
3154184327,"From Ideas and Arguments to Hyperdocuments: Travelling Through Activity Spaces","Streitz, Hannemann & Thüring",5,18,37,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74251","N. A. Streitz, J. Hannemann, M. Thüring","N. A. Streitz","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74251","","false","Discussing relevant issues for the next generation of hypermedia systems, Halasz [Hala88] provides also a classification along the following three dimensions: scope, browsing vs. authoring, and target task domain. In this paper, we will especially discuss aspects of the second dimension focussing on support for idea processing and authoring in hypertext systems. Although one cannot classify existing systems by assigning them exclusively to one category of this dimension1 hypertext systems are primarily discussed from the reading and browsing point of view and as support for retrieval. This is also reflected in attempts to transform existing (linear) text sources into hypertext structures in order to pro& from their additional interactive branching capabilities."
3154184328,"InterNote: Extending a Hypermedia Framework to Support Annotative Collaboration","Catlin, Bush & Yankelovich",0,5,16,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74252","T. Catlin, P. Bush, N. Yankelovich","T. Catlin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74252","","false","Based on three years of user feedback, a design team at IRIS embarked on a project to enhance Intermedia to better support small groups of collaborators, particularly those involved with document review and revision. Towards this end, we defined user-level requirements for the new functionality. The result of this process was the design and implementation of InterNote. One aspect of InterNote involves a fundamental extension to Intermedia’s navigational linking paradigm. Instead of simply being able to traverse links, users are now also able to transfer data across the links using a technique we call warm linking. In this paper we describe extensions to our hypermedia framework to support annotative collaboration, including the user interface of the new linking functionality and the InterNote extension. Finally, we discuss our plans for future work."
3154184332,"Indexing and Hypertext","Bernstein et al.",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '89","1989","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/74224.74256","M. Bernstein, J. Critz, N. Mulvaney, R. Simpson, M.-C. van Leunen","M. Bernstein","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/74224.74256","","false","The index is one of the oldest information retrieval devices. When the earliest scribe produced a document that could not be easily browsed, the need for an index emerged. Today we find voluminous amounts of text being placed online. While readers have the option of browsing and searching the text, these are not always efficient options for fruitful information retrieval. A navigational aid is needed. The back-of-the-book index offers itself as an excellent starting point for the organization of online information into a cohesive structure. Without a structured mechanism for information retrieval, online information will be lost. Given the amount of material being placed online, it is indeed a frightening prospect to consider the amount of information that is inaccessible due to the lack of a sound retrieval method. This panel will discuss formal indexing methodology and how it has been and might be applied to hypertext design.
[no references]"
1569603606,"Assessing the Quality of Hypertext Documents","Brown",1,5,11,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","P. J. Brown","P. J. Brown","Full paper","","hypertext authorship, hypertext refereeing, integration, maintenance, testing, virus","false","The greatest need in hypertext today is not for further technical wizardry, but for authors who can exploit the medium successfully.
The paper discusses how we can help novices to become effective hypertext authors. Being effective not only means producing a hyperdocument of immediate appeal to readers; it also means ensuring that hyperdocuments have a potentially long lifetime, and can be maintained and enhanced by other authors over the years. Furthermore it means ensuring that the structure of a hyperdocument is ‘correct’ according to certain rules.
In discussing these issues, the paper tries to draw lessons not only for authors but also for hypertext developers and researchers.berrnstein"
1569603607,"Building Hypertext on a Multimedia Toolkit: An Overview of Andrew Toolkit Hypermedia Facilities","Sherman et al.",1,3,13,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Mark Sherman, Wilfred J. Hansen, Michael McInerny, Thomas P. Neuendorffer","Mark Sherman","Full paper","","hypertext, implementation, multimedia","false","This paper discusses several hypermedia facilities built on top of the An­drew Toolkit (ATK) and their use in ATK applications. As a general-purpose, multimedia, application-development system, ATK permits many kinds of links, references and other connections to be made within pieces of content and between pieces of content, regardless of the content’s medium. We argue that starting with a multimedia architecture facil­itates the construction of all forms of hypermedia. Four specific hypermedia facilities implemented with ATK are discussed: an integrated web and indexing system (Help), a simple multimedia link facility (Link), a cross reference (Textref) capability, and a link­-supporting embedded object language (Ness). As a toolkit, ATK is used to build other applications which inherit ATK’s hypermedia facilities. Therefore we consider briefly the way that hypermedia facilities are used in conventional applications, such as mail systems."
1569603608,"The Toolkit Approach to Hypermedia","Puttress & Guimaraes",4,4,17,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","J. J. Puttress, N. M. Guimaraes","J. J. Puttress","Full paper","","CASE, hypermedia, user interfaces","false","Hypermedia systems are usually developed as a single, self-contained application making the system specialized and difficult to retool for other applications. Thus each system requires the redevelopment of hypermedia storage and display capabilities. As long as develop­ers need to write underlying hypermedia mechanisms, it remains impractical to extend hyper­media to many new domains.
Our effort focuses on developing a toolkit that can be used by developers to add hypermedia functionality to their tools, independent of their particular application or environment. By doing this we gain flexibility and provide a common framework allowing applications to share infor­mation and user interface capabilities.
The toolkit provides a simple hypermedia data model and an object-oriented user interface. The data model stores the underlying hypermedia structure and the application’s data. The user interface model separates the data and the view components of the objects, which permits the construction of interfaces independent of the final display platform. The combination of these two components provides a powerful toolkit capable of either adding a touch of hypermedia to an application or constructing a monolithic hypermedia system.
We describe the constraints of our development environments, our toolkit, and some typical applications of the toolkit, as well as our future plans."
1569603609,"Scenario-Based Hypermedia: A Model and a System","Ogawa, Harada & Kaneko",1,5,16,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Ryuichi Ogawa, Hiroaki Harada, Asao Kaneko","Ryuichi Ogawa","Full paper","","Videobook, multimedia, scene mode, script, trigger button","false","This paper discusses an extended hypermedia model which presents data according to timed scripts. The model is intended to expand the notion of nodes and links, so that hypermedia systems can easily handle time-based, media-composite data objects, including audio and video. It provides script-based nodes to present text-graphic and audio-visual data synchronously, and buttons to control the data sequence. Based on this model, a prototype hypermedia system Videobook has been implemented and used experimentally. This paper also discusses the authoring issues and educational applications developed on Videobook."
1569603610,"A Hypertext Model Supporting Query Mechanisms","Afrati & Koutras",0,4,12,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Foto N. Afrati, Constantinos D. Koutras","Foto N. Afrati","Full paper","","button, hypertext, link, node, region, script","false","A formal model of hypertext is described in this paper. The purpose is two-fold: a) building on Garg’s work ([Garg 88]), to enhance his model so as to express advanced features of hypertext systems (such as structured nodes, scripts, typed and attributed links), and b) to demonstrate the expressive power of the model by showing that several problems concerning knowledge organization, browsing and navigation in the hyperspace, may have a simple solution in the framework of the model, as a result of a powerful query mechanism. The principles and fundamentals of the model are defined in detail, while its power and simplicity is illustrated by presenting some simple examples of information organization in hypertext fashion."
1569603611,"A Logical Query Language for Hypertext Systems","Beeri & Kornatzky",1,6,15,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Catriel Beeri, Yoram Kornatzky","Catriel Beeri","Full paper","","generalised quantifiers, query languages, views","false","The search capabilities of hypertext systems are currently limited to re­trieving collections of nodes and links based on predicates on their attributes and contents. To support sophisticated applications and user-tailored views of a hypertext document, we need a query language able to retrieve parts of a hypertext based on a specification of their structure. We present a logical query language permitting the formulation of such structural queries over hypertext. While the language is propositional, it includes a general notion of quantifier of the form appropriate for hypertext networks. Quantifiers are used for expressing formulas of the form: “For most paths from the current node, claim X holds”. In particular, most quantified assertions in natural language are directly represented in our logic. Formulas in the language are used for a declarative definition of sophisticated user-tailored views of a hypertext document."
1569603612,"A Model for Hypertext-Based Information Retrieval","Lucarella",1,3,30,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Dario Lucarella","Dario Lucarella","Full paper","","hypertext models, information retrieval, intelligent searching, knowledge-based systems, plausible reckoning","false","This paper approaches the problem of information retrieval from hypertext. In this context, the retrieval process is regarded as a process of inference that can be carried out either by the user exploring the hypertext network (browsing), or by the system, exploiting the hypertext network as a knowledge base (searching). That is the reason why a comprehensive model should take into account both of the perspectives, combining effectively browsing and searching in a unified framework. In the following, such a model is defined and implementation issues are outlined for a hypertext-based information retrieval system."
1569603613,"HyperBase: A Hypermedia Engine Based on a Relational Database Management System","Schütt & Streitz",2,19,23,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Helge Schütt, Norbert A. Streitz","Helge Schütt","Full paper","","DBMS support for hypertext systems, datamodels of hypertext, hypertext abstract machines","false","Hypertext systems are valuable tools for creating , (re-)structuring, and presenting information bases. Until now, little has been done with respect to the underlying data model and even less with respect to system support for such a model. This leads to a significant mismatch between sophisticated organizational structures at the user interface level and actual storage of persistent objects in simple file systems. Therefore, we have developed a general data model for hypertext data and implemented that model with the help of a database system. Here we fully exploit the fairly complex functionality of a commercially available relational database management system to implement a general purpose hypermedia engine which we call HyperBase."
1569603614,"Hyperindices: A Novel Aid for Searching in Hypermedia","Bruza",0,3,11,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Peter D. Bruza","Peter D. Bruza","Full paper","","hypertext, indexing, information retrieval","false","In this article the formal basis of hyperindices is given. Hyperindices are a new means for supporting effective search in hypermedia. The basis of the hyperindex, the so called index expression is treated in detail. It is shown how the hyperindex can be constructed using the structural properties of the index expression. The hyperindex is placed in a general framework for indexes which features quantitative and qualitative criteria with which index effectiveness can be judged."
1569603615,"Intelligent Hypertext for Normative Knowledge in Engineering","Schwabe, Feijó & Krause",1,1,14,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Daniel Schwabe, Bruno Feijó, Werther G. Krause","Daniel Schwabe","Full paper","","Prolog, knowledge-based systems, norms","false","We present a system that combines hypertext with a semantic representation of engineering norms. Since the representation is done via a Prolog encoding of an And/Or Graph, it is possible to discuss the relation between the execution of the (representation of the) norm and navigation in the hypertext. The system incorporates an interpretation of the norm by experts, and it is shown how this interpretation can be regarded also as an hyperview onto the hypertext."
1569603616,"Author's Argumentation Assistant (AAA): A Hypertext-Based Authoring Tool for Argumentative Texts","Schuler & Smith",6,8,14,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Wolfgang Schuler, John B. Smith","Wolfgang Schuler","Full paper","","argumentation model, authoring system, hypertext application","false","We present the conceptualization and implementation of AAA, a prototype authoring tool for creating argumentation-based hyperdocuments. AAA is part of a more comprehensive effort of GMD-IPSI, where the hypertext authoring system SEPIA (Struc­tured Elicitation and Processing of Ideas for Authoring) is developed. AAA will be used for writing and design experiments the results of which will be used in the design of SEPIA. It is designed to support the creation of argumentation patterns in accordance with the IBIS/PHI (Procedural Hierarchical IBIS) model combined with a micro argumentation structure according to Toulmin. For rapid prototyping purposes it has been implemented as a hypertext system using the Writing Environment WE developed at UNC.
AAA uses a combination of different independent but cooperating modes of operation dedicated to different cognitive tasks of the argumentative writing process. The entire argumentation structure is represented as a layered network of typed nodes and links in which different layers correspond to different levels of abstraction."
1569603617,"PHIDIAS: Integrating CAD Graphics into Dynamic Hypertext","McCall et al.",1,11,12,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Raymond McCall, Patrick R. Bennett, Peter S. D'Oronzio, Jonathan L. Ostwald, Frank M. Shipman III, Nathan F. Wallace","Raymond McCall","Full paper","","CAD, IBIS, hypermedia, visual structures","false","PHIDIAS is a hypermedia system for supporting environmental design. It embodies a theory of design as continual alternation between two complementary activities: construction of solution form and argumentation about construction. To support theses activities it implements a number of advanced hypermedia concepts. These include an applicative query language providing search by both structure and content, virtual structures, composite graphic nodes, query-based graphic clustering, and “triggered” queries which connect construction acts to relevant sections of the argumentative network. PHIDIAS constitutes a new type of integrated information environment for design."
1569603618,"An Integrated Approach of Knowledge Acquisition by the Hypertext System CONCORD","Hofmann, Schreiweis & Langendörfer",2,2,18,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Martin Hofmann, Uwe Schreiweis, Horst Langendörfer","Martin Hofmann","Full paper","","CONCORDE, knowledge acquisition, typed links","false","Knowledge acquisition is a crucial issue in developing expert systems. We describe a particular prototype of a hypertext system called CONCORDE that is able to support the entire process of knowledge acquisition. Since hypertext can be seen as a special structuring of various information units plus a fitting form of presentation, the data model of CONCORDE is discussed as well as its graphical browser."
1569603619,"Hierarchy, Composition, Scripting Languages, and Translators for Structured Hypertext","Stotts & Furuta",2,3,20,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","P. David Stotts, Richard Furuta","P. David Stotts","Full paper","","Trellis, graph grammar, hierarchy, pertri nets, translation","false","In this paper we describe a hypertext translator-generator system that uses χTed, the visual Petri net editor from the χTrellis hypertext system, to specify the semantic component of a string-to-graph translation. χTed-specified parsers convert general authoring notations into structured χTrellis documents for browsing. The operative mechanism is termed a pair grammar, in which a string grammar and a graph grammar are paired in a one-to-one correspondence. When an χTed-specified parser reduces by one of its string grammar productions, the corresponding production in its graph grammar is used to generate a portion of the Petri net that implements that syntax. The use of pair grammars in conjunction with the Trellis model results in a general method of defining hypertext structure that is both hierarchical and compositional."
1569603620,"Links and Structures in Hypertext Databases for Law","Wilson",0,1,14,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Eve Wilson","Eve Wilson","Full paper","","hypertext links, hypertext structures, information retrieval, law","false","This paper considers the need to automate the conversion of traditional legal docu­ments into an integrated hypertext database. It describes how this has been done at the University of Kent at Canterbury by the Justus suite of programs, which converts legal documents of diverse structures to run under the Guide hypertext system. It discusses the types of links the system uses to cater for:
1. linear and hierarchical structures; 
2. directed graphs;
3. annotational or associative links; 
4. index or concept links.
It then discusses how these links can create different virtual structures for the document collec­tion to give flexibility of access and navigation. Some of these mirror structures which exist in traditional paper systems; others are unique to computerised systems. Next it considers the use of embedded expert systems to steer variable paths through the documents. Finally it summarises the achievements so far, and the goals ahead."
1569603621,"An Apprentice That Discovers Hypertext Links","Bernstein",5,19,18,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","","apprentices, authoring systems, indexing, information retrieval, tours","false","A simple apprentice that proposes new content links in hypertexts has been added to the Hypergate hypertext environment, and its behavior and performance are evaluated under realistic conditions. Despite a fundamentally lexical approach, the link apprentice finds a significant number of intriguing and meaningful links very quickly and without substantial overhead."
1569603622,"Towards an Aesthetics of Hypertext Systems. A Semiotic Approach","Andersen",4,2,13,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Peter Bøgh Andersen","Peter Bøgh Andersen","Full paper","","aesthetics, authoring systems, models of hypertext, models of reading and writing, semiotics","false","In hypertext the reader can choose between several reading paths, and this is an es­sential characteristic of the medium. Composing paths that give meaningful readings is an impor­tant task for the hypertext author, but so far very little is known of the “rhetorics of paths” Based on the practical work of evaluating hypertext exercises written by students, the paper gives exam­ples of errors of composition and sets up a conceptual framework, borrowed from semiotics, for discussing aesthetic issues of hypertext design. The concepts are intended to make it easier for the author to design the product from a reader’s point of view, and an authoring tool supporting these concepts is sketched. Finally, the paper illustrates how insights from text stylistics and film aesthe­tics can be usefully exploited in the field of hypertext."
1569603623,"Linking Considered Harmful","De Young",1,11,14,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Laura De Young","Laura De Young","Full paper","","disorientation, hypermedia, structure","false","Arbitrary linking of data in hypertext allows for great flexibility, but the result is often hypertext in which users readily become disoriented. Where possible, it is desirable to provide support for structuring hypertext in a way that makes it easier to organize and understand. This can be done by identifying the underlying structure of the ways specific sets of data are related. Providing support for use of such structures in a hypertext system may yield benefits similar to those found in using higher-level programming constructs in programs."
1569603624,"Interactive Text Processing by Inexperienced (Hyper-)Readers","Rouet",0,3,16,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Jean-François Rouet","Jean-François Rouet","Full paper","","cognitive strategy, instructional text, interface organization, orientation, training","false","This paper focuses on the development of cognitive strategies in secondary school students, when learning to use electronic nonlinear documents. We study the costs and benefits of learning through nonlinear texts, from a psycholinguistic point of view. In the course of two experimental sessions, 148 11-12 and 13-14 year-old secondary school students were trained to use an interactive text-presentation software. Parameters such as the expression of relationships, selection marking, and pagination influenced both local and global aspects of nonlinear reading. Training improved orientation strategies at both academic levels. Implications of these results for the design of instructional nonlinear documents are discussed."
1569603625,"Non-Intrusive Hypertext Anchors and Individual Colour Markings","Irler & Barbieri",4,1,40,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Wolfgang J. Irler, Gilberto Barbieri","Wolfgang J. Irler","Full paper","","browsing model, invisible anchors, text marking","false","One interface feature of hypertext systems is the visualization of the link anchors, often in form of buttons which invite to click on. This functional information increases the cognitive load while reading a text on the computer. Comprehension of the presented material competes with the orientation in the hypertext. The paper treats the cognitive arguments, and explores interface and back-end questions related to this problem. A browsing model is developed which proposes a button-less screen, a click-anywhere suggestion, and pop-up local maps as a selection and preview mechanism. Links are finally activated by mouse movements towards a destination area, rather than by still button pressing. As a way to individualize and re-structure the visual aspect of the pages, the reader can permanently mark selected words with colour. Marked words may be added to a keyword index which is linked back to the text An experimental implementation uses ToolBook, a scripted construction set in MS-Windows 3.0. The design issues and some results are described for an educational application concerning pendulums."
1569603626,"SaTellite: Hypermedia Navigation by Affinity","Pintado & Tsichritzis",0,3,16,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Xavier Pintado, Dennis Tsichritzis","Xavier Pintado","Full paper","","","false","SaTellite is an exploration tool for a hypermedia environment. Navigation support is based on the concept of affinity between objects; that is, a relationship with an associated intensity. The user is presented with a two dimensional representation that provides a view of the hypermedia environment where objects lying close together have some affinity in the sense defined by a chosen measure. The system provides for multiple views by modifying the underlying measure of affinity. SaTellite promotes Hypermedia navigation by context-dependent proximity.
Based on the affinity concept, we develop a dynamic layout algorithm for the display of views. Because the views are based on affinity information, the links of the hypergraph do not appear explicitly."
1569603627,"Browsing in Hyperdocuments with the Assistance of a Neural Network","Biennier, Guivarch & Pinon",4,2,16,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Frédérique Biennier, Michel Guivarch, Jean-Marie Pinon","Frédérique Biennier","Full paper","","dynamic path, neural network, semantic browsing","false","The high degree of freedom a user has to browse throught an hyperdocument often makes him puzzled. His main problems are first the expression of his informal need, sometimes using ideas associations, then finding the path in the hyperspace to reach relevant information.
The guiding system proposed in this paper enriches the hyperdocument structure with undirect semantic links, i.e. associations between nodes according to their contents. Nodes’ contents are connected to multimedia keywords called tags; direct and reverse associations between nodes and tags are embedded in a bidirectionnal neural network which allows inductive retrieval. One user controls the process thanks to some simple parameters: specialization level for selected nodes, precision of tags, inertia selector, tolerance functions for specialization and precision spreads.
Upon request, the system dynamically raises a path that organizes the results of a query, contextual or not, adaptatively taking into account users’ profile and special needs. Weights in the neural network may also be slightly corrected from experience, adapting the association capability to users on their average."
1569603628,"MICROCOSM: An Open Model for Hypermedia with Dynamic Linking","Fountain et al.",1,29,19,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Andrew M. Fountain, Wendy Hall, Ian Heath, Hugh C. Davis","Andrew M. Fountain","Full paper","","dynamic linking, hypertext, multimedia","false","There are currently a number of commercially available hypertext and hypermedia systems, of varying levels of sophistication and usability, but there are still many problems to be resolved in the design of such systems. In this paper, we itemise some of the major problems that we have identified as possibly causing a barrier to the growth and development of hypermedia applications outside the research community. A model of an open hypermedia architecture with dynamic linking features is proposed that moves some way to resolving these problems, and the first implementation of the system, Microcosm, is presented and discussed."
1569603629,"Inside Macintosh as Hypertext","Bechtel",5,0,10,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Brian L. Bechtel","Brian L. Bechtel","Full paper","","CD-ROM, Inside Macintosh, hypertext","false","SpInside Macintosh is a hypertext compact-disc version of Inside Macintosh, the multi­ volume programmer’s reference work for the Macintosh family of computers. SpInside Macintosh is implemented in HyperCard and distributed on CD-ROM. We describe the design decisions and prin­ciples we followed in creating SpInside Macintosh. We also give user feedback and a retrospective critique of the design."
1569603630,"Hypertext from the Data Point of View: Paths and Links in the Perseus Project","Mylonas & Heath",4,3,11,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","Elli Mylonas, Sebastian Heath","Elli Mylonas","Full paper","","Perseus Project, linking, navigation, paths","false","The Perseus Project is building a system for studying Classical Greece, incorporating into it several different types of source material. In order to minimize system development time, and to make it accessible to the users of the system faster, it is being developed on Macintosh computers, using HyperCard. This paper describes two navigational methods that have been created in Perseus: generalized linking, and paths. They were chosen because they could provide the most flexibility and the most functionality. Their implementation is briefly described, as well."
1569603635,"Hypertext and Information Retrieval: What are the Fundamental Concepts?","Croft et al.",2,0,11,"Proceedings of the European Conference on Hypertext","Hypertext: Concepts, Systems and Applications","ECHT '90","1990","","W. Bruce Croft, Nicholas J. Belkin, Marie-France Bruandet, Rainer Kuhlen, Tim Oren","W. Bruce Croft","Panel","","","false","Both hypertext and information retrieval (IR) Systems provide access to databases consisting primarily of text documents. Both types of systems structure the contents of these documents and support interaction with the users in order to improve the effectiveness of retrieval. Despite these similarities, hypertext and IR are generally regarded as separate research areas, some overlap, but essentially different research agendas. To clarify these differences as well as the areas of overlap, the members of this panel Will attempt to define the fundamental concepts and the major research issues in each area, with special emphasis on their own research."
3154184339,"Cognitive Overheads and Prostheses: Some Issues in Evaluating Hypertexts","Wright",0,3,28,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122975","Patricia Wright","Patricia Wright","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122975","Cognition, design, memory, planning, reading, tools","false","There are many criteria for evaluating hypertexts. Adequacy and cost effectiveness are perhaps the most obvious from the producer’s perspective additional criteria are important for users. Examination of the limitations of various assessment criteria highlights the twin issues of the cognitive costs and benefits experienced by people using hypertext as part of some other task. Many interface characteristics can contribute to readers’ cognitive overheads. There is evidence that even changing screens to access information only a click away can impair memory processes. Fortunately, because hypertext are computer-based, readers can call upon a variety of aids to support their cognitive activities, particularly memory and planning processes. The novelty of some of these prostheses raises questions about the literacy skills that hypertext readers may need. Studies of factors influencing readers’ strategic decisions about using memory aids are discussed, together with their implications for hypertext design. It is concluded that hypertext evaluation requires a richer understanding of the cognitive entailments of working with information. But hypertext, having highlighted the problems of cognitive costs, have the potential for offering readers the means of reducing these overheads not just for hypertext use but for many tasks that involve working with information."
3154184340,"Industrial Strength Hypermedia: Requirements for a Large Engineering Enterprise","Malcolm, Poltrock & Schuler",3,25,18,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122977","Kathryn C. Malcolm, Steven E. Poltrock, Douglas Schuler","Kathryn C. Malcolm","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122977","Engineering applications, deployment, interoperability, requirements","false","Current hypermedia tools do not support the needs of collaborative work groups in distributed heterogeneous environments and cannot be integrated into the existing and planned computing environments at large enterprises like Boeing. It is in meeting these needs, however, that hypermedia could make its greatest impact. Hypermedia systems must evolve beyond their current standalone status into a technology that is truly integrative. We use a description of some current hypermedia projects and a representative future scenario to help identify technical requirements and strategies for developing and deploying hypermedia that is of sufficient “industrial strength” to support a large engineering enterprise. This paper is addressed to hypermedia researchers and developers as well as to our colleagues in other business and engineering organizations. The intent of this paper is to remind both the research and development communities of the urgent, “real-world needs that exist and to encourage dialogue between the two worlds."
3154184341,"Using Hypertext in Selecting Reusable Software Components","Creech, Freeze & Griss",1,2,13,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122978","Michael L. Creech, Dennis F. Freeze, Martin L. Griss","Michael L. Creech","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122978","Kiosk, Software reuse, component selection, hypertext, software libraries","false","Recently, there has been increasing interest in software reuse as a way to improve software quality and productivity. One of the major problems with reusing libraries of software components is helping users effectively select (find and understand) components of interest. This paper explores the use of hypertext to enhance the process of component selection through a prototype system called Kiosk. Included are discussions of the selection process, why hypertext is well suited for supporting selection, and important characteristics of hypertext systems intended to support reuse. Also discussed are how reusable libraries can be structured using hypertext, how such libraries can be mechanically built, and how their use enhances the component selection process.
Kiosk consists of an open set of tools that can create, browse, and modify nodes and links in a software library. One of these tools, Cost++, can automatically generate a linked structure for libraries by clustering workproducts into components, and then placing components into multiple classification hierarchies. The Kiosk browsing tools allow users to peruse the components in libraries, examine library structures from multiple perspectives, and add new links and nodes to enhance the standard library structure."
3154184342,"Intellectual Property Rights for Digital Library and Hypertext Publishing Systems: An Analysis of Xanadu","Samuelson & Glushko",0,2,16,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122979","Pamela Samuelson, Robert J. Glushko","Pamela Samuelson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122979","","false","Copyright law is being applied to works in digital form. The special character of digital media will inevitably require some adjustments in the copyright model if digital libraries and hypertext publishing environments are to become as commercially viable as the print industries have been. An intellectual property system works only when it embodies a reasonably accurate model of how people are likely to behave, but it is hard to predict author and reader behavior in an environment that has yet to be built. By far the most ambitious proposal for a digital library and hypertext publishing environment is Ted Nelson’s Xanadu system. This paper reviews the intellectual property scheme in Xanadu and contrasts it with current copyright law. Xanadu’s predictions about reader and author behavior are examined in light of how people currently behave in computer conferencing, electronic mail, and similar existing systems. These analyses identify some respects in which intellectual property systems might have to be changed to make digital libraries and hypertext publishing systems viable."
3154184343,"Indexing Hypertext Documents in Context","Boy",3,2,22,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122980","Guy A. Boy","Guy A. Boy","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122980","Contextual indexing, context acquisition, hypertext, information retrieval, tailorable system","false","To generate intelligent indexing that allows system must be able to acquire knowledge directly through interaction with users, In this paper, we present the architecture for CID (Computer Integrated Documentation), a system that enables integration of various technical documents in a hypertext framework and includes an intelligent browsing system that incorporates indexing in context. CIDS knowledge-based indexing mechanism allows case-based knowledge acquisition by experimentation. It utilizes on-line user information requirements and suggestions either to reinforce current indexing in case of successor to generate new knowledge in case of failure. This allows CIDS intelligent interface system to provide helpful responses, even when no a priori user model is available. Our system in fact learns how to exploit a user model based on experience (from user feedback). We describe CID’S current capabilities and provide an overview of our plans for extending the system."
3154184344,"Identifying Aggregates in Hypertext Structures","Botafogo & Shneiderman",4,11,18,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122981","Rodrigo A. Botafogo, Ben Shneiderman","Rodrigo A. Botafogo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122981","Hypertext, abstraction, aggregation, generalization, graph theory, structural analysis","false","Hypertext systems are being used in many applications because of their flexible structure and the great browsing freedom they give to diverse communities of users. However, this same freedom and flexibility is the cause of one of its main problem: the “lost in hyperspace” problem. One reason for the complexity of hypertext databases is the large number of nodes and links that compose them. To simplify this structure we propose that nodes and links be clustered forming more abstract structures. An abstraction is the concealment of all but relevant properties from an objector concept.
One type of abstraction is called an aggregate. An aggregate is a set of distinct concepts that taken together form a more abstract concept. For example, two legs, a trunk, two arms and a head can be aggregate together in a single higher level object called a “body.” In this paper we will study the hypertext structure, i.e., the way nodes are linked to each other in order to find aggregates in hypertext databases. Two graph theoretical algorithms will be used: biconnected components and strongly connected components."
3154184345,"Implementing Hypertext Database Relationships Through Aggregations and Exception","Hara, Keller & Wiederhold",1,6,22,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122982","Yoshinori Hara, Arthur M. Keller, Gio Wiederhold","Yoshinori Hara","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122982","Hypertext database, aggregation, database clustering, exception, overview diagram, physical database design","false","In order to combine hypertext with database facilities, we show how to extract an effective storage structure from given instance relationships. The schema of the structure recognizes clusters and exceptions. Extracting high-level structures is useful for providing a high performance browsing environment as well as efficient physical database design, especially when handling large amounts of data.
This paper focuses on a clustering method, ACE, which generates aggregations and exceptions from the original graph structure in order to capture high-level relationships. The problem of minimizing the cost function is NP-complete. We use a heuristic approach based on an extended Kemighan-Lin algorithm.
We demonstrate our method on a hypertext application and on a standard random graph, compared with its analytical model. The storage reductions of input database size in main memory were 77.2910and 12.370, respectively. It was also useful for secondary storage organization for efficient retrieval."
3154184346,"Screen Management in Hypertext Systems with Rubber Sheet Layouts","Kaltenbach, Robillard & Frasson",0,4,14,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122984","Marc Kaltenbach, François Robillard, Claude Frasson","Marc Kaltenbach","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122984","Collage, Graph, Hypertext, Motion Picture, Rubber Sheet Layout, Scale Factor, Tack Point","false","This paper addresses the issue of screen management in hypertext systems. It presents a new way of placing windows, or any graphical object delimited by rectangular boundaries, in the context of an existing set of windows. The heart of the technique presented is a particular re-scaling of the display which changes the locations of objects while maintaining their sizes and avoiding object overlapping. This functionality has uses both for authoring and browsing hypertext documents. In particular it enables the display of hierarchically structured information at various levels of detail and complements other visual graph management functions. More generally, the objective is to attenuate the feeling of disorientation users experience when related information obtained through hypertext browsing are stacked upon a display screen. This work suggests extending hypertext systems by enabling users to create well structured information “collages” and to program animated presentations on the basis of browsing through ill or differently structured collections of documents."
3154184347,"CYBERMAP: Yet Another Way of Navigating in Hyperspace","Gloor",10,15,19,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122985","Peter A. Gloor","Peter A. Gloor","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122985","Overview map, automatic link generation, dynamic linking, fish eye views, hypertext conversion, navigation in hyperspace","false","By integrating dynamic linking and automatic link generation into the automatic generation of an overview map we get a unique tool for navigation in hyperspace. We introduce the concept of HYPERDRAWERS to get a means for the partitioning of nodes in ordered sequences. CYBERMAP either complements existing navigational aids for hyperdocuments or provides a self sufficient navigation tool for browsing in a document. In addition CYBERMAP offers the capability of horizontal growth and easy hypertextualization of non-hypertextual documents without restricting the use of already installed browsing mechanisms besides CYBERMAP ."
3154184348,"Flying Through Hypertext","Lai & Manber",2,3,11,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122987","Patrick Lai, Udi Manber","Patrick Lai","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122987","","false","Hypertext systems provide links between different pieces of information (text, figures, pictures, etc.) so that the reader can follow many different paths corresponding to lines of thoughts, levels of description, levels of details, and so on. One of the main problems in using hypertext systems is the navigation problem [Ni90a]. Users tend to get lost partly because the information they are reading can have a complicated structure which is usually unknown to them. We study in this paper a technique to help users orient themselves by a quick browsing, which we call flying, through hypertext.
The first thing many people do when given a new book is flip through the pages to get a first impression of the book. Quite a bit of information can be gained by this quick informal evaluation. First, just the size of the book is a good indicator. A ten-page brochure is treated differently than a 500-page instruction manual. The book’s density (how many characters per page), its layout (e.g., the font, the percentage of pictures), the technical content (e.g., number of equations, number of technical drawings), familiar features (e.g., pictures or drawings that the reader has seen elsewhere), just to name a few simple things that can be determined quickly, all give us important information about the book without reading even one sentence. This kind of information is not immediately available in hypertext, and we believe that the lack of it contributes to the navigation problem. We would like to provide this type of information in a quick and flexible way.
We describe in this paper a tool for flying through hypertext systems and discuss the issues involved in its implementation. Our tool is analogous to flipping the pages of a book with one notable exception: the flipping is not necessarily in a linear order. The availability of the links and the structure that they provide enable flexible flipping in many different orders controlled by the reader. The key to any flipping is speed. The goal is not to digest the contents of the pages, but rather to gain some insight to features such as organization, size, depth, level, detail, and so on. Another analogy is to seeing a movie, or better yet a videodisk, in fast forward. There are certain characteristics of the movie that can be studied better that way. Flying can also be used to move fast from one place to another in the hypertext following a certain order of traversal. Flying is not intended to replace any of the other navigation tools; it is an additional tool."
3154184349,"Hyperspeech: Navigating in Speech-only Hypermedia","Arons",2,5,33,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122989","Barry Arons","Barry Arons","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122989","","false","Most hypermedia systems emphasize the integration of graphics, images, video, and audio into a traditional hypertext framework. The hyperspeech system described in this paper, a speech-only hypermedia application, explores issues of navigation and system architecture in an audio environment without a visual display. The system under development uses speech recognition to maneuver in a database of digitally recorded speech segments; synthetic speech is used for control information and user feedback.
In this research prototype, recorded audio interviews were segmented by topic, and hypertext-style links were added to connect logically related comments and ideas. The software architecture is data driven, with all knowledge embedded in the links and nodes, allowing the software that traverses through the network to be straightforward and concise. Several user interfaces were prototype, emphasizing different styles of speech interaction and feedback between the user and machine. In addition to the issues of navigation in a speech-only database, areas of continuing research include: dynamically extending the database, use of audio and voice cues to indicate landmarks, and the simultaneous presentation of multiple channels of speech information."
3154184350,"Hypermedia Templates: An Author's Tool","Catlin & Garrett",3,9,10,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122990","Karen Smith Catlin, L. Nancy Garrett","Karen Smith Catlin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122990","Hypermedia Design Principles, Hypermedia Templates, Intermedia","false","Recently Brown University’s Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship (IRIS) extended Intermedia to allow authors to define Hypermedia Templates—sets of pre-linked documents which can be duplicated. Templates facilitate the creation of consistent hypermedia collections by automating what can be a laborious task making documents and forging links manually.
In this paper we discuss the Hypermedia Templates project. We first describe a collection of Intermedia materials that has been electronically published and explain the information design principles that were applied to it. We point out some general principles for building consistent hypermedia collections and discuss how these were reflected in the list of features for Hypermedia Templates. We then describe a user’s interaction with a prototypical Hypermedia Template, as well as details of the user interface that we have built to provide template functionality in Intermedia. Finally, we identify some key features that would be important components of any next-generation template software."
3154184351,"What's Eliza Doing in the Chinese Room? Incoherent Hyperdocuments—and How to Avoid Them","Thüring, Haake & Hannemann",8,7,24,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122991","Manfred Thüring, Jörg M. Haake, Jörg Hannemann","Manfred Thüring","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122991","Design of hyperdocuments, coherent hyperdocuments, composite nodes, comprehension of hyperdocuments, labelled links, rhetorics hyperdocument construction kit","false","Research on understanding linear texts has shown that comprehension and navigation mainly depend on the reader’s ability to construct a coherent mental representation. While the author of a traditional document can use a variety of structural cues to support his readers in building up such a representation, the author of a hyperdocument faces a new problem. If he wants to ensure that his readers understand the entire hyperdocument as a coherent entity, he needs means to indicate its structure in a comprehensible way. In this paper, we propose a construction kit which provides dedicated design objects for this purpose. The design objects can be characterized as building blocks for three functionally different components of a hyperdocument: its content part, organizational part, and presentation part. In addition to the design objects, we propose some design rules which should guide the construction of coherent hyperdocuments."
3154184352,"ABC: A Hypermedia System for Artifact-based Collaboration","Smith & Smith",4,5,14,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122992","John B. Smith, F. Donelson Smith","John B. Smith","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122992","","false","Our project is studying the process by which groups of individuals work together to build large, complex structures of ideas, and we are developing a distributed hypermedia system to support that process. This description includes a brief overview of the system, but emphasizes three components: a hypermedia data management system or graph server, a set of browsers for working with graph objects, and a set of applications for working with data contents of graph nodes. A number of research issues are raised and discussed in context, including: composite objects; anchored links; scaling up for large applications; partitioning the hypermedia graph consistency and completeness across subgraphs; and an open, extensible architecture for applications."
3154184353,"The Nested Context Model for Hyperdocuments","Casanova et al.",0,3,13,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122993","Marco A. Casanova, Luiz Tucherman, Maria Julia D. Lima, José L. Rangel Netto, Noemi Rodriquez, Luiz F. G. Soares","Marco A. Casanova","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122993","","false","This paper describes the nested context model, a conceptual framework for the definition, presentation and browsing of documents. The model carefully combines hypertext links with the concept of context nodes, used to group together sets of nodes. Context nodes can be nested to any depth and, thus, generalize the classical hierarchical organization of documents. The nested context model also defines an abstract and flexible application program interface that captures the idea that different applications may observe the same node in different ways. Finally, the model offers a rich set of operations to explore the double structure of a hyperdocument - that defined by the links and that induced by the nesting of context nodes."
3154184354,"Issues in Modeling a “Dynamic” Hypertext Interface for Non-hypertext Systems","Bieber",4,4,29,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122995","Michael Bieber","Michael Bieber","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122995","Bridge Laws, Decision Support Systems, Document Interchange, Hypertext Computation, Hypertext Virtual Structures, Information Systems, Knowledge-based System Shell Architecture","false","Many hypertext systems are primarily “static” systems that were designed specifically to apply a hypertext interface to a particular domain. For us, hypertext is a tool for augmenting “dynamic”, non-hypertext information systems such as decision support systems and expert systems. Many information systems require a dynamic implementation of hypertext, one that relies primarily on virtual structures and computation to generate a hypertext network in real time. This paper explores the demands our dynamic view of hypertext makes on hypertext standards from two angles. First, what coordination is necessary to establish a dynamic hypertext interface to an arbitrary front-end or back-end information system? Here we introduce the concept of bridge laws to map application components to hypertext structures. Second, how does a dynamic view of hypertext affect document interchange among hypertext systems and between a hypertext and non-hypertext systems?"
3154184355,"Dynamic Adaptation of Hypertext Structure","Stotts & Furuta",2,7,12,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122996","David Stotts, Richard Furuta","David Stotts","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122996","Hypertext, Petri nets, Trellis, adaptation, browsing semantics, parallel computation model, place/transition nets, timing","false","A technique is described for adapting the apparent structure of a hypertext to the behavior and preferences exhibited by its users while browsing. Examples are given an implementation of this technique using the timing mechanism in Trellis. In the technique, event durations in a document are altered without actually changing the links in the underlying Petri net. The two extrema of instantaneous events and infinite delays can be used to create apparent node and link deletions and additions, as well as to insert new tokens (loci of activity) into a document. Adaptation of these times is accomplished using a simple data state in which the event timings (and other document properties) are variables, called attributes. As a reader traverses hypertext links, author-supplied adaptation agents are invoked to collect information and possibly change the values of the attributes. Agents encapsulate and effect the criteria for deciding when, and specifically how, a structure should be adapted. Several practical examples illustrate the conclusion of this report: sophisticated alterations do not require a complicated adaptation mechanism, that changing document constants into document variables provides flexibility to this mechanism, and that using a limited simple mechanism is the only hope for retaining analysis of the static and dynamic net properties."
3154184356,"Don't link me in: set based hypermedia for taxonomic reasoning","Van Dyke Parunak",2,34,16,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122998","H. Van Dyke Parunak","H. Van Dyke Parunak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122998","Interfaces, System architectures, Taxonomic reasoning, User models","false","Hypermedia is often described as nodes of information with links between them, suggesting the conceptual model of a graph. A broader definition is a system of nodes of information through which people can move nonlinearly. Such a definition, while including graph-based hypermedia, also allows alternative implementations. This paper illustrates the need for alternative models by exhibiting a particular reasoning task for which navigating among nodes by way of explicit links is less effective than an alternative model of intersecting sets of nodes. The task is taxonomic reasoning, a particular kind of reasoning task that deals with the comparison and classification of highly similar nodes, in which an analyst viewing one node thinks not in terms of linking it to another node, but of including it in or excluding it from a set of related nodes.
This paper discusses this kind of reasoning and describes HyperSet, a set-based hypermedia system designed to support it. It compares HyperSet with other tools that support taxonomic reasoning, discusses the formal and implementational relationships between graph-based and set-based hypermedia, and defines the features that are required in a hybrid system that can concurrently support both set and graph manipulations."
3154184357,"Architectures for Volatile Hypertext","Bernstein et al.",16,20,61,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.122999","Mark Bernstein, Jay David Bolter, Michael Joyce, Elli Mylonas","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.122999","","false","We wish to explore architectures for creating and using volatile hypertexts— dynamic documents whose content and structure are subject tQ rapid change. While static hypertext systems architectures [Oren 87] emphasize effective presentation and exploration of stable documents, volatile hypertext systems emphasize a continual process of construction, reconstruction, and reconstruction [Joyce 88].
Volatile hypertext raise a fundamental theoretical issue what is the value and proper role of the link? Astonishingly, no consensus has emerged on this central hypertext question, even within the hypertext research community. Where Bolter [Bolter 91a] views rich webs of links as a liberating force that reshapes the constraints of artificial, linear-hierarchical authority, Glushko sees fruitful sources of confusion, writing that “limiting the links in the first place seems a more practical solution.” [Glushko 89]. Indeed, DeYoung considers linking to be harmful [DeYoung 90]. In working with volatile hypertext, we deliberately choose an extreme case in which dedicated readers and writers are necessarily faced with rich, complex, and irregular hypertext webs. Can this task be rendered manageable?"
3154184358,"Aquanet: A Hypertext Tool to Hold Your Knowledge in Place","Marshall et al.",5,45,27,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123000","Catherine C. Marshall, Frank G. Halasz, Russell A. Rogers, William C. Janssen, Jr.","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123000","","true","Hypertext systems have traditionally focused on information management and presentation. In contrast, the Aquanet hypertext system described in this paper is designed to support knowledge structuring tasks. Aquanet is a browser-based tool that allows users to graphically represent information in order to explore its structure. In this paper, we discuss our motivatioms for developing Aquanet. We then describe the basic concepts underlying the tool and give an overview of the user interface. We close with some brief comments about our initial experiences with the tool in use and some of the directions we see the Aquanet research moving in the near future."
3154184338,"The Pedagogy of Computing: Hypermedia in the Classroom","Ess",0,1,8,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.105195","Charles Ess","Charles Ess","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.105195","Hypertext, IRIS Intermedia, Postmodemism, collaborative learning, computer ethics, electronic conferencing, electronic journaling, history of philosophy, history of science, hypermedia, pedagogy","false","I describe how I have used IRIS Intermedia, a sophisticated hypermedia program, in teaching an upper-level class on the emergence of philosophy and science in the context of religious story and material culture. I first describe the program and summarize the pedagogical results of using the program as documented at Brown University. I then describe various uses of the program in the Drury class, and the observed impacts of these uses. Our experience with hypermedia at Drury College both corrolorates and extends the pedagogical impacts of hypermedia already documented at Brown University, especially in terms of dramatically increasing student mastery of difficult material, and student involvement in the course through collaborative learning strategies supported by hypermedia resources distributed across a network. These pedagogically desirable benefits, however, are accompanied by concerns regarding “fragmentation” and “decentering” in student work in hypermedia, and regarding ethical irresponsibility towards shared and thus vulnerable resources.
These results are especially significant as they demonstrate that instructors with relatively limited resources can nonetheless reap dramatic pedagogical benefits from hypermedia technologies in the classroom. This also means: relatively exotic hypermedia technologies may successfully migrate to the resource-limited classrooms of smaller colleges and universities."
3154184359,"Beyond the Electronic Book: A Critique of Hypertext Rhetoric","Moulthrop",2,4,35,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123001","Stuart Moulthrop","Stuart Moulthrop","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123001","","false","In recent years many researchers and theorists have contributed to a nascent rhetoric of hypertext and hypermedia (Bolt91; Car190; Cran89; Fris88; Harp91; Jayn89; Joyc88; Land91; Mcda91; Mou189; Schn89; Slat90; Yank85). Some of these writers (notably Carlson, Jaynes, and Landow) explicitly invoke the subject of rhetoric; others address issues of structure and convention in electronic composition that clearly pertain to this subject. All have considered ways in which hypertext can be used or made more useful in actual writing situations. But in spite of the considerable attention given to this area of inquiry, the nature and objectives of hypertext rhetoric are still vaguely defined.
What exactly is meant by “the rhetoric of hypertext?” The term rhetoric allows widely various definitions—from the classical sense of a specialized art of political oratory (Kinn82) to the more modem idea of a comprehensive study of communication events across multiple social domains (Haus86). In regard to changes in media, writers are most likely to place themselves somewhere between these two polarities, working toward a rhetoric which is both normative and practical: oriented toward effective acts of communication but also concerned to define the social contexts by which effectiveness is judged."
3154184360,"Hypertext for the Electronic Library?: CORE Sample Results","Egan et al.",1,7,12,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123002","Dennis E. Egan, Michael E. Lesk, R. Daniel Ketchum, Carol C. Lochbaum, Joel R. Remde, Michael Littman, Thomas K. Landauer","Dennis E. Egan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123002","Evaluation, Hypertext Design, Information Retrieval","false","The Chemistry Online Retrieval Experiment, or CORE project, is studying the possibility of creating a useful, usable electronic library for chemistry researchers. In a preliminary study, chemists were observed performing five different tasks representative of typical uses of the scientific journal literature. The tasks simulated browsing journals, answering specific questions given a citation to an article, answering specific questions given no citation, writing essays to summarize and integrate information, and finding “analogous transformations” for chemical reactions. Chemists carried out these tasks using one of three systems: (a) the printed journals supplemented with a widely used printed index system, (b) a hypertext system (the SuperBook@ document browser), or (c) a new electronic system (Pixlook) that incorporates traditional document retrieval methods plus full text indexing and delivers bitmap images of journal pages. Both electronic systems had a large advantage over the printed system for search and essay tasks. SuperBook users were faster and more accurate than Pixlook users at finding information relevant to browsing and search topics. Certain SuperBook hypertext features, however, did not work as well as Pixlook for displaying target articles. The patterns of data and log files of subjects suggest how SuperBook, Pixlook and related systems might be improved."
3154184361,"HDM—a Model for the Design of Hypertext Applications","Garzotto, Paolini & Schwabe",4,8,16,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123004","Franca Garzotto, Paolo Paolini, Daniel Schwabe","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123004","","false","We present the latest developments of HDM, a design model for Hypertext Applications. The basic features of HDM are the representation of applications through several design primitives: typed entities composed of hierarchies of component different perspectives for each component units corresponding to component-perspective pairs; bodies representing the actual content of the units; structural links, binding together components or sub-entities of the same entity; typed application links, interconnecting components belonging to different entities; and a specific browsing semantics based on anchors, as a way to activate many different link types from within a unit.
The development of HDM is part of the HYTEA project, carried on by a European consortium, aiming at the development of a set of authoring tools for an “engineered” development of Hypertext-Hypermedia applications. A HYTEA application is made by an HDM schema and an HDM Hyperbase (i.e., a set of instances). The basic HDM has already been shown to be translatable, either manually or through a compiler, into a node-and-link model (“a la DEXTER model”); the translated application can be targeted on several implementation tools (i.e., standard Hypertext tools already available on the market). HDM has already been used to develop a (small number) of applications, and to describe preexisting applications. These experiments have shown the need for improvements that are discussed in the paper: aggregate entities; sharing of components; is-a relationships and inheritance between entity types; sharing of bodies; structured access and “guided tours”; use of active media (animations and video-clips)."
3154184362,"Using Structured Types to Incorporate Knowledge in Hypertext","Nanard & Nanard",6,29,28,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123006","Jocelyne Nanard, Marc Nanard","Jocelyne Nanard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123006","Structured types, document synthesis, hypertext model, knowledge representation, object-oriented","false","It has been shown that the famous problem of user disorientation in hypertext is not due to the concept of hypertext itself but rather generally results from the lack of a conceptual model for hypertext application. Unfortunately, in most hypertext systems, the weakness of structure specification mechanisms discourages the development and use of such a model since it is difficult to reinforce hypertext structure and to really incorporate knowledge. A lot of works provide intelligent mechanisms to help navigation but either they use external knowledge or automatically synthesize links from information included in nodes which thereby have no sufficient conceptual value.
The present paper focuses on an object-oriented hypertext model (implemented in the MacWeb system) using structured types to incorporate knowledge in hypertext. Concepts and their relationships as well as their instances and their own relationships may be represented. Such a model makes the capture of knowledge at source easier thus allowing a more conceptual navigation, Furthermore, active behaviors may be associated, as methods, to types. This provides a powerful mechanism to help develop structured hypertext as well as task centered applications, by taking advantage of knowledge representation."
3154184363,"Hypertext and Structured Object Representation: An Unifying View","Kaindl & Snaprud",5,5,40,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123007","Hermann Kaindl, Mikael Snaprud","Hermann Kaindl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123007","Hypertext, frames, knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge-based systems","false","This paper addresses combining hypertext with knowledge representation as used in knowledge-based systems. Hypertext imposes explicit structure on text, whereas certain knowledge representation formalisms of AI are designed for structuring knowledge. We propose a way of tightly integrating hypertext and structured object representation, using (AI) frames for the basic representation of hypertext nodes. Moreover, we allow for the additional option of explicit representation of structure using partitions of hypertext nodes, which are realized as slots. In order to make the text more dynamic, our approach facilitates some aspects of object-oriented programming using message passing from the text in the browser.
The proposed tight integration is useful for design tasks, in particular for building knowledge-based systems. According to our experience, hypertext provides a useful intermediary representation of knowledge between informal and formal. Based on a level of basic hypertext functionality, we provide several features useful for supporting knowledge acquisition. As an example of our results of using this method of knowledge acquisition, we illustrate the strategic knowledge in our application domain. In addition, tight integration supports important aspects of software engineering and the user interface. Moreover, we discuss several advantages from a hypertext point of view. In particular, the partitions of hypertext nodes can be useful for selective inheritance of text. In summary, both AI and hypertext will benefit from such a tight integration."
3154184364,"The Nielsen Ratings: Hypertext Reviews","Nielsen et al.",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123008","Jakob Nielsen, Lynda Hardman, Anne Nicol, Nicole Yankelovich","Jakob Nielsen","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123008","","false","In spite of many derogatory sayings about critics and reviewers (“Nobody ever raised a statue for a critic,” Sibelius), there is no doubt that reviews play a major role in traditional forms of art and communication, including printed works (literature, fiction, textbooks, and research publications), theater, film, and music. Since many more such works are produced than can be read/seen/heard by any individual, users rely on reviewers to inform them of interesting new publications and performances. From an academic perspective, analyses and reviews of works of art are a major way of generating new insights into their respective spheres of human expression.
Since hypertext is seen by enthusiasts as a major new communications medium, it would seem reasonable to review and analyze efforts at writing and composing hypertext documents. It is difficult to discuss hypertext without reference to concrete hypertext documents. For example, [Nie190] used examples from about fifty different hypertext and hypermedia documents in discussing various aspects of hypertext. Even so, it is still fairly rare to see actual reviews of hypertext documents as communicative efforts in their own right and not just as examples of hypertext concepts. Some such reviews are starting to appear in the popular press, and research journals are also starting to carry in-depth reviews of hypertext to some extent (e.g., [Hard91]). Also, professors teaching hypertext courses have started to consider ways to grade hypertext documents authored by students [Brow90]."
3154184366,"Structure, Navigation, and Hypertext: The Status of the Navigation Problem","Bernstein et al.",6,1,11,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.123011","Mark Bernstein, Peter J. Brown, Mark Frisse, Robert Glushko, Polle Zellweger, George Landow","Mark Bernstein","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.123011","","false","Are hypertexts intrinsically confusing, disorienting, and distracting? Is disorientation a danger which skilled writers can avoid, or which technological tools can ameliorate? Or is the Navigation Problem a myth, an artifact of early efforts, a misunderstanding? These questions lie at the center both of current hypertext research and of current technical writing practice; the answers will profoundly influence the design of human-machine interfaces.
This panel will engage in an informal, free-wheeling discussion of hypertext structure and navigation, addressing questions that will include:
• Is hypertext disorientation distinguishable from bad writing?
• Does a restricted vocabulary of hypertext structure prevent tangled webs? Or does limiting the web compromise the essence of hypertext?
• Which orientation tools help readers? Which readers do they assist effectively?"
3154184369,"Hypertext and Pen Computing","Meyrowitz",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.125108","Norman Meyrowitz","Norman Meyrowitz","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.125108","","false","[no references]Some of the original goals of hypertext were accessibility, seamlessness, and connectivity. Yet most implementations of hypertext are still bound to large, immobile workstations, are operated with keyboards and mice and a reasonably complex interface, and are often focused on standalone, other than connected, tasks.
With the advent of pen-computing, we are beginning to see linking as a fundamental operating system and user interface component. In GO’s PenPoint operating system, any selection in any notebook page can be linked to a selection on another page through the means of a simple pen gesture. The ability to create and follow links with a mere gesture creates a new level of accessibility to hypertext.
Similarly, applications built on PenPoint are exploiting the pen interface for new generations of electronic book technology, in which browsing and search for information can be done without keyboard and mouse, in which annotation can be done with computerized “ink,” and in which remote, wireless connectivity serves as a major new component.
The demonstration will show each of these technologies and explain the fundamental basis behind each of these technologies.
[no references]"
3154184370,"Storyspace As a Hypertext System for Writers and Readers of Varying Ability","Joyce",4,13,20,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.125110","Michael Joyce","Michael Joyce","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.125110","","false","Storyspace [Storyspace 91], a powerful general purpose hypertext system, is designed to function as a writing environment for developmental, experienced and professional writers alike. Obviously the task domains of each of these populations vary considerably. Even so, contemporary compositional, rhetorical and literary theory as well as pedagogical practice provide some consistency regarding design requirements and constraints across domains within the writing process.
For instance there is a broad consensus among compositional theorists that implicit or explicit interpretive communities intervene within the writing process ([Becker 86] lJ.,eFevre 87] ). This intervention can range from the scientific writer’s recognition of the formal requirements of technical prose Eazerman 81], to the creative writer’s awareness of culture [Olson 74], to the beginning writer’s awareness that her immediate audience extends beyond the teacher to the classmates with whom she collaborates and who function as her readers. [Joyce 88] In order to accommodate and represent these varied interventions, system design requires an interplay between hierarchical and other organizational structures as well as an annotational capability which crosses these organizational structures at relatively low cost in terms of cognitive overhead or computation.
Another instance of broad consensus among compositional theorists is that some form of tokenizing, information-hiding, or progressive disclosure performs a valuable function for developmental, experienced and professional writers. For developmental writers an awareness that ideas can be tokenized is a critical first step toward development of hierarchical thinking skills, abstraction, and consideration of audience. [Shaughnessy 77] Concrete representations of fuzzy ideational structures are especially important to developmental writers because they know how such representations are used against them (cf., [Shneiderman 83 ]). Likewise journalists, intelligence analysts, planners and legislators constantly filter and organize texts to convey new understanding, formulating coherent stones from incoherent information or reformulating existing structures to convey new perspective. [Bernstein 91]"
3154184371,"WALT: A Research Environment for Medical Hypertext","Frisse, Cousins & Hassan",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.125117","Mark E. Frisse, Steve B. Cousins, Scott Hassan","Mark E. Frisse","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.125117","","false","WALT (Washington University’s Approach to Lots of Text), is a prototype interface designed to support hypertext and information retrieval research. The WALT hypertext interface can serve as a “front end” to a wide array of retrieval engines including those based on Boolean retrieval, latent semantic indexing, term frequency – inverse document frequency, and Bayesian inference techniques. The WALT interface is composed of seven distinct components: a document examination component known as the Document Browsing Area four navigation components called the Book Shelf, the Book Spine, the Table of Contents, and the Path Clipboard; a term-based information retrieval component called Control Panel; and a relevance feedback component known as the Reader Feedback Panel. All browsing and navigation components incorporate “active text” and explicit hypertext links. WALT’s most unique feature may be its use of “book shelf” and “book spine” metaphors both to facilitate navigation and to provide a histogram-based display showing documents deemed appropriate for answering user queries."
3154184372,"The Virtual Notebook System","Burger et al.",1,1,11,"Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '91","1991","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/122974.125119","Andrew M. Burger, Barry D. Meyer, Cindy P. Jung, Kevin B. Long","Andrew M. Burger","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/122974.125119","","false","The Virtual Notebook System (VNS) facilitates information integration and management in the collaborative work of scientific groups. The VNS is a repository of data, hypotheses and notes, and scientific information. A distributed hypermedia system, the VNS is expressly designed to enhance information sharing among scientists. The underlying architecture promotes a flexible and portable environment for the dynamic integration of information and applications in the face of heterogeneity. In this briefing, we will discuss both our model for supporting scientific work groups and the design and application of the Virtual Notebook System."
3154184381,"Virtual Reality and the Future of Hypertext (Abstract)","Bolter",0,3,0,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168473","Jay David Bolter","Jay David Bolter","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168473","","false","Virtual Reality has been largely conceived in terms of the visual. Other senses, sound and touch, although given roles, are clearly quite secondary. What VR presents to the user is images, not texts. What role might text play in Virtual Reality? This is particularly important for exponents of hypertext, because VR threatens to become the hot new topic, and perhaps to diminish interest and research in hypertext. One could convincingly argue there is no real direct competition: VR and hypertext can evolve side by side for different purposes. VR is useful for simulation and training, for medical imaging, for telepresence, and so on. Hypertext serves for databases of text materials, pedagogy, and interactive fiction and nonfiction. But even if VR and hypertext continue to evolve side by side, it remains interesting to consider how the two might merge.
Virtual Reality and hypertext are products of two different communication technologies. Virtual Reality has its closest affinity to television, which is a perceptual medium. Hypertext comes out of the tradition of writing. Both VR and hypertext claim to be new ways of expressing information, although with different emphases.
In VR, one sees and touches a perceptual space; in hypertext one reads and writes in a textual space. Can the two be combined? In particular, can the space of virtual reality be hypertextualized? One way to introduce text into virtual reality would be to write upon the surfaces in the virtual space. This would give us a virtual book, whose structure is expressed architecturally in three dimensions. The book becomes a space that the reader enters and explores, a space in which the relationships among the surfaces define relationships among the verbal ideas in the text. A more radical possibility y would be to turn the entire virtual space into a symbolic structure. Several hypertext systems are already moving in this direction: the concept maps in hypertext systems are examples of symbolic spaces in two dimensions. A third dimension would expand the possibilities of representation. Such a hypertextualized virtual space might allow the creation of text unlike any that have ever been written.
[no references]"
3154184382,"Video Nodes and Video Webs: Use of Video in Hypermedia","Gibbs",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168475","Simon Gibbs","Simon Gibbs","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168475","","false","Digital video consists of temporally correlated audio and visual data elements. Audio elements are basically sequences of digitized audio samples, while visual elements are sequences of raster frames. In either case the sequences may not be stored explicitly, but instead stored in a compressed representation, or an alternate representation from which the sequences are produced (as when audio is synthesized from a symbolic representation, such as musical notation, or video frames are rendered from animation data).
Because of the temporal nature of digital video, its production and consumption often requires be stored and retrieved from conventional storage specialized devices capable of the real-time handling of streams of data. Until recently this equipment was expensive and not readily available. However a number of significant advances are now taking place that are greatly increasing the use of digital video. These developments include advances in high-bandwidth networks and protocols facilitating real-time transfer of digital video; improvements in storage media such as high-capacity magnetic disks and writable CDs; faster rendering rates for graphics hardware allowing real-time animation; greater availability of special-purpose audio and video processors on workstations; and better computer interfaces to both commercial and professional video products such as camcorders, VCRs, and video mixers. Another significant development is real-time compression and decompression hardware for digital video. The compressed video has data rates comparable to bus and disk bandwidths and so opens the possibility of video recording and playback from conventional secondary storage devices. In addition, an anticipated future development having broad-impact on the use of video, will be the emergence of standards for HDTV.
In light of these changes, new possibilities are arising for application developers - in particular those who aim to enhance hypertext, or hypermedia, with video capabilities. Early interactive video systems relied on analog read-only videodisc technology. This “first generation” of video-based hypermedia provided very good video quality, but suffered from limitations imposed by the videodisc. Now digital video offers a way around many of the drawbacks of the videodisc - digital video can be edited and modified, it can be processed, and, like any other form of data, it can be stored and retrieved from conventional storage systems.
This presentation will focus on implications of digital video for hypermedia. A short overview of video technology will be provided, introducing such topics as video formats, video compression, and video editing. Several low-cost platforms for running digital video applications will be described and illustrated with short videotapes.
Finally we consider a number of traditional hypertext issues in the context of digital video. Approaches to linking video with other information, techniques for structuring video and increasing interactivity during playback, and new forms of composition and navigation will be presented. Many of these techniques are now being explored in prototype systems. Examples of existing prototypes will be used to illustrate the potential of digital video when used in hypermedia systems.
[no references]"
3154184383,"Multicard: An Open Hypermedia System","Rizk & Sautér",7,15,16,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168477","Antoine Rizk, Louis Sauter","Antoine Rizk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168477","M2000, Multicard, hypermedia toolkit","false","This paper describes the Multicard hypermedia system which has been developed following an open systems approach. Multicard provides a hypermedia toolkit that allows programmers to create and manipulate distributed basic hypermedia structures; an interactive authoring/navigation tool which is itself based on the toollkit; an advanced scripting language; a multimedia composition editor, as well as a communication protocol that allows the integration of various editors and applications into a single hypermedia network.
One of Multicard’s features is that it does not itself handle the contents of the nodes. Instead, it communicates with different editors, running as separate processes, using a set of messages called the M2000 protocol. Multicard has so far been connected in this way to around five different M2000 compliant editors and applications ranging from a basic text editor and data sheet to sophisticated desktop publishing and multimedia composition systems. M2000 compliant editors automatically benefit of the Multicard linking facilities and composite structures. Using the Multicard scripting language, M2000 compliant editors can also annotate their contents with scripts and communicate with each other using event and message transmission."
3154184384,"SEPIA: A Cooperative Hypermedia Authoring Environment","Streitz et al.",12,37,36,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168479","Norbert Streitz, Jörg Haake, Jörg Hannemann, Andreas Lemke, Wolfgang Schuler, Helge Schütt, Manfred Thüring","Norbert Streitz","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168479","","false","In this paper, we report about the design, development, and implementation of the SEPIA cooperative hypermedia authoring environment. It provides results on the following aspects of SEPIA: persistent and shared data storage, hypermedia data model with composites, sophisticated and comprehensive authoring functionality, support for anew rhetoric and for cooperative work. We start by identifying the challenge of hypermedia authoring and production which serves as the driving force for our development. Using interacting problem spaces as the vehicle for modelling the dynamic aspects of authoring, we arrive at a set of requirements answered by the concept of “activity spaces”. The design of coherent hyperdocuments is facilitated by our “construction kit”. Furthermore, we describe the extensions and modifications necessary to support multiple authors with the cooperative version of SEPIA. The central issue of the paper is the system architecture and its implementation. We describe the basis for access to shared hyperdocuments, the activity space browsers, the integration of multimedia functionality (audio, graphics, pictures), and the integration of a video conferencing system."
3154184385,"Combining Hypertext and Structured Documents in Grif","Quint & Vatton",1,5,25,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168482","Vincent Quint, Irène Vatton","Vincent Quint","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168482","","false","This paper presents the experience gained in developing and using the hypertext functions of the Grif system. Grif is a structured document editor based on the generic structure concept: each document is represented in the system by its logical structure which is an instance of a generic structure. This notion of logical structure encompasses both hierarchical structures (as is usual in structured documents) and non-hierarchical links (as is usual in hypertext).
The document model on which Grif is based is presented, focusing on the different types of links. Various applications using these links are also described. It is shown that the approaches of electronic documents and hypertext, which are often opposed to each other, can be combined for building more powerful integrated systems."
3154184386,"Structural and Cognitive Problems in Providing Version Control for Hypertext","Østerbye",0,13,15,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168484","Kasper Østerbye","Kasper Østerbye","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168484","Data models, Hypertext, Version Control","false","This paper discusses issues related to providing version control in hypertext systems. Many of the software engineering issues in versioning also apply to hypertext, but the emphasis on linking and structure in hypertext raises some new problems. The issues can roughly be divided into two categories. Datamodel issues, which will be referred to as structural issues, and user interface issues, which will be referred to aa cognitive issues. Both structural and cognitive issues will be described and divided into simpler problems which will be named and described, and it will be shown that composites serve as a good starting point for solving both structural and cognitive aspects of versioning."
3154184387,"CoVer: A Contextual Version Server for Hypertext Applications","Haake",7,11,24,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168488","Anja Haake","Anja Haake","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168488","","false","Key problems of version support for hypertext systems arise from the fine-grained, heavily interlinked structure of hyperdocuments. Integration of version support aggravates cognitive overhead problems during version creation and disorientation during version selection. Starting from the need to support versioning in our hypermedia publishing environment, we designed the CoVer hypermedia version. server. CoVer maintains context information with the versions that guides version creation and in particular helps in version identification.
The key concept is task tracking: Users change their network in order to perform a task. These tasks can guide meaningful, automatic version creation. Being stored persistently as contextual version information they serve version identification. Moreover, CoVer maintains the derivation history of hyperdocuments across document boundaries and tracks the influence of annotations on the creation of new versions and the start-up of new tasks."
3154184388,"Two Years Before the Mist: Experiences with Aquanet","Marshall & Rodgers",9,16,21,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168490","Catherine C. Marshall, Russell A. Rogers","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168490","","true","Aquanet is a collaborative hypertext tool that combines elements of frame-based knowledge representation and graphical presentation. In this paper, we examine the first major application of the tool in an analysis task, a two year long technology assessment that resulted in almost 2000 nodes and more than 20 representational types. First, we cover the implications of the representational resources provided and representational decisions that were made. Then we discuss how spatial layout was used in lieu of the complex relations Aquanet’s data model supports. Finally, we show how distinct regions emerged to reflect particular activities and how they were subsequently used as the basis for a later collaboration on a similar task."
3154184389,"UNIX Guide: Lessons from Ten Years' Development","Brown",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168492","P. J. Brown","P. J. Brown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168492","","false","Development of the Guide hypertext system has been progressing at the University of Kent since1982. The paper looks back over the mistakes and successes of the last ten years, with a view of drawing some lessons for the future development of hypertext. The reader is not assumed to be a Guide user, and the lessons learned apply to hypertext systems in general."
3154184390,"Design Strategies for Scenario-based Hypermedia: Description of Its Structure, Dynamics, and Style","Ogawa et al.",8,1,12,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168494","Ryuichi Ogawa, Eiichiro Tanaka, Daigo Taguchi, Komei Harada","Ryuichi Ogawa","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168494","","false","This paper describes design strategies for scenario-based hypermedia, which presents media composite nodes according to timed scripts. In order to translate an author’s story into timed scripts within a hypermedia framework, we present a design model with four different levels of scenario specifications. In these levels an author specifies details of 1) global structure described as the hierarchy of composite nodes with sequencing relationship between them, 2) detailed structure of a composite node described as a set of sub-nodes and navigation flow between them, 3) content specification of multimedia data, and 4) time and spatial presentation style of media data included in each node. Design strategies based on the model were applied to the authoring of a CD-ROM based English listening course for Japanese students. The design work was accomplished as a joint project with English teachers, and our scenario-based hypermedia system, Videobook, was used as the authoring platform. This paper reports the details of the design strategies in each level and discusses how they made the authoring efficient while promoting the quality of the course."
3154184391,"An Object-oriented Scripting Environment for the WEBSs Electronic Book System","Monnard & Boltuck",3,0,13,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168498","J. Monnard, J. Pasquier Boltuck","J. Monnard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168498","","false","This paper presents the scripting facilities built on top of WEBSS, an interactive system for the creation and consultation of electronic books. The scripting environment relies on the same object-oriented software architecture used in the design of the WEBSs application, rendering it consistently integratingwith the other components of the system.
Scripts enhance the application in two ways. First, the ability to combine basic WEBSS actions allows users to easily define new high-level functions like, for example, the automatic creation of tables of contents and indexes. Secondly, the behavior of the objects that constitute an electronic book can be enriched by writing scripts that will be automatically executed each time a triggering object performs a specific action. The main originality of our scripting model resides in the fact that a script maybe attached not only to an individual object, but also to all objects of a specific class, or to all objects in a certain set."
3154184392,"Matching Hypertext Models to Hypertext Systems","Caloini",9,0,16,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168500","Andrea Caloini","Andrea Caloini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168500","Compilation, HDM, Hypertext Engine, Hypertext Models, Hypertext systems","false","Many authors have proposed sophisticated models to describe hypertext at different levels and for different purposes and have provided in-house developed systems implementing their models. However, hypertext-hypermedia application development is often carried on using commercial hypertext systems based on a very simple model.
This paper presents HCT (Hypertext Compiling Tools), a set of tools to translate hypertext-hypermedia applications designed using a high-level model (HDM, Hypermedia Design Model) into applications implemented by a commercial hypertext system (ToolBook). Although each single tool is specific to either HDM or ToolBook, the approach is presented in a more general way.
Results obtained in application development are summarized."
3154184393,"Making Use of Hypertext Links when Retrieving Information","Frei & Steiger",2,4,15,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168502","H. P. Frei, D. Stieger","H. P. Frei","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168502","","false","Hypermedia links were invented to support the manual browsing through large hypertext or hypermedia collections. However, retrieving specific portions of information in such a collection cannot be achieved by browsing only retrieval mechanisms are necessary. In this paper we show how to use the semantic content of hypertext links for retrieval. We present special purpose indexing and retrieval algorithms that exploit the node and link content. First retrieval results in a hypertext test collection are presented the results are clearly better than those obtained when the links are ignored. The hope is that these results can be extended to hypermedia information and that they w be improved by more sophisticated indexing algorithms."
3154184394,"Hypertext Paradigm in the Field of Information Retrieval: A Neural Approach","Lelu & Francois",3,4,21,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168503","Alain Lelu, Claire Francois","Alain Lelu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168503","Hypertext, cluster analysis, graphic user interface, information retrieval, neural networks","false","Applicationof the hypertext paradigm to information retrieval requires 1) an automatic generation of hypertext links, 2) a compact graphical representation of the data. After a brief review of the family of neural algorithms required for deriving a compact and relevant representation of a documentary database, as well as links between synthetic “topics” and documents, we present a user interface based on these grounds. This representation is two-step : 1) a global topics map, 2) local topic axes, ranking both terms and documents according to the values of their “centrality index”. A prototype, running in a Macintosh environment and implementing a basic version of this browser, is then described and commented."
3154184395,"Information Retrieval from Hypertext Using Dynamically Planned Guided Tours","Guinan & Smeaton",4,6,18,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168506","Catherine Guinan, Alan F. Smeaton","Catherine Guinan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168506","","false","In using any hypertext system a user will encounter many technical problems which have been well-documented in the literature. Two of the more serious problems with using hypertext are user disorientation and the retrieval of information. Another less often addressed problem is that of the logical sequencing of nodes. In the work reported in this paper we address these three problems by combining Hammond and Allinson’s guided tour metaphor and Frisse’s information retrieval techniques to dynamically create guided tours for users in direct response to a user’s query. One of the features of our method is that we take advantage of typing of information links in the hypertext to generate a tour which has a judicious sequencing of nodes rather than a simple presentation of hypertext nodes in order of similarity to the user’s query. Our method was empirically tested on a population of 125 users who generated a total 973 individual tours and all user actions and responses to questions were logged. The results of this evaluation are presented in this paper."
3154184396,"Cognitive Processing of Hyperdocuments: When Does Nonlinearity Help?","Rouet",2,4,45,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168508","Jean François Rouet","Jean François Rouet","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168508","","false","This paper presents a review of empirical research on the cognitive processing of nonlinear documents, with the purpose of understanding when and how hypertext presentation might facilitate text comprehension and learning activities. Empirical studies conducted so far have used various methods, and focused on a wide range of populations, types of documents, and reading or learning tasks. Although hypertext is generally associated with information networks, a few interesting studies address the issues of computer assistance to linear text comprehension. A second group of studies investigate the use of nonlinear documents for general learning purposes. Although these studies are mainly concerned with linear-nonlinear comparisons, some of them address the effects of different design options. Finally, a third group of studies compare information retrieval in linear versus nonlinear documents. Overall, there is no consistent evidence for the advantage of hypertext over linear presentation formats. Instead, the efficiency of nonlinear documents varies according to (a) subjects’ expertise (b) interface features and (c) task requirements. In an attempt to provide an interpretative framework for these empirical findings, the notion of cognitive monitoring is briefly outlined. I conclude with a few implications for future hypertext research."
3154184397,"Imagined Conversations: The Relevance of Hypertext, Pragmatism, and Cognitive Flexibility Theory to the Interpretation of “Classic Texts” in Intellectual History","Jones & Spiro",0,1,33,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168512","Robert Alun Jones, Rand Spiro","Robert Alun Jones","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168512","","false","What does it mean to understand a “classic text” in the history of social thought? Recent pragmatist arguments in intellectual history suggest that it is a matter of placing the text within some larger context, viewing it from a variety of perspectives, and “using it” to satisfy one’s own interests and purposes. What is the best means to “advanced knowledge acquisition”? Recent theories of learning in cognitive psychology suggest that we view “ill-structured knowledge domains” as landscapes, to be “criss-crossed” in a variety of directions, from multiple perspectives. Hypertext is a technology for doing both of these things. Quite independently, but sharing a foundation in pragmatism and the later Wittgenstein, each of these disciplines thus encourages further research in the development and implementation of hypertext systems for learning. Such research is being carried out in the Hypermedia Laboratory and the Cognitive Flexibility Laboratory at the University of Illinois, with implications for the way hypertext systems are designed and implemented, and the pedagogical problems to which they are applied."
3154184398,"Where's the Hypertext: The Dickens Web As a System-independent Hypertext","Landow & Kahn",1,5,12,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168515","George P. Landow, Paul Kahn","George P. Landow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168515","","false","This paper reports the comparative evaluations by fifteen experienced hypertext users of three hypertext systems (Intermedia, Interleaf WorldView, and Storyspace) to carry out both simple information retrieval and more complex cognitive tasks. In contrast to, approaches that compare hypertext versions of print documents to print documents, our research began with materials originally created for an electronic environment—the award-winning Dickens Web. The evaluators’ detailed narratives, which show that hypertext documents can exist independently of specific hypertext systems, also suggest points that designers of hypertext systems and hypertext authors must take into account. These points include the value of full-text search vs. link following, and the importance of content expertise. Finally, we report on the importance of single- vs. hi-directional thinking, multiple linking from a single point, and web views."
3154184399,"Contours of Constructive Hypertexts","Bernstein, Joyce & Levine",33,15,57,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168517","Mark Bernstein, Michael Joyce, David Levine","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168517","","false","Discussion of hypertext rhetoric and criticism has focused on small, freed hypertext that am typically used by casual readers for comparatively short periods. Here we explore complex, constructive hypertext, intended to inform and to influence dedicated and thoughtful readers. Recurrence and multivalence, both deplored in small hypertext, prove from study of mom complex texts to be very valuable. While static, graph-theoretic measures facilitate understanding of Iocal hypertext structure, the structures of meaning or contours we observe in current hypertext fiction and scholarship do not appear to reside in static structures, but rather in the complex and dynamic perceptions of the engagedreader."
3154184400,"Toward a Rhetoric of Informating Texts","Moulthrop",9,7,35,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168520","Stuart Moulthrop","Stuart Moulthrop","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168520","","false","This paper begins by asking why hypertext researchers publish their work in print and compose their hypertexts from previously printed sources. It argues that these practices limit the development of hypertext rhetoric by privileging a discrete or granular model of discourse nodes as stable units connected by purely transitional links. The paper explores the limits of the node/link model, suggesting that links can take on certain properties of nodes and vice versa. Drawing on the phenomenological critique of rationalist mechanism developed by Winograd and Flores, the paper presents an alternative discourse model for hypertext which regards nodes and links in complementarily, as contingent structures subject to conceptual “breakdown.” Applying this model to actual communication practices, the paper invokes Zuboff’s distinction between “automating” and “informating” applications of technology, outlining a rhetoric based on a constantly evolving textual structure  in which object relations remain fluid. A new term is proposed, the informand, to designate the communal interactive discursive space created by informating systems like hypertexts and artificial realities. The paper concludes by urging experimentation with informating practices in hypertext, a move away from print models and towards all-electronic composition."
3154184401,"Towards an Integrated Information Environment with Open Hypermedia Systems","Davis et al.",4,35,14,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168522","Hugh Davis, Wendy Hall, Ian Heath, Gary Hill, Rob Wilkins","Hugh Davis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168522","Microcosm, hypermedia, integration, open","false","This paper examines open hypermedia systems, and presents the case that such systems provide a step forward for dealing with large, dynamic data sets in distributed, heterogeneous environments by allowing users to access and integrate information and processes in richer and more diverse ways than has previously been possible. In particular, the enhanced Microcosm model for open hypermedia is examined, and the ways in which it provides such an environment are continues by investigating discussed. The paper the advantages and the shortcomings of this model and identifies the areas in which further work must be completed before such systems can become widely adopted, such as the granularity of source and destination anchors, editing and version control. Some attempts to provide solutions to these problems are presented and discussed."
3154184402,"Design Issues for a Dexter-based Hypermedia System","Grønbæk & Trigg",3,8,20,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168525","Kaj Grønbæk, Randall H. Trigg","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168525","","false","This paper discusses experiences and lessons learned from the design of an open hypermedia system, one that integrates applications and data not “owned” by the hypermedia. The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model [8] was used as the basis for the design. Though our experiences were generally positive, we found the model constraining in certain ways and underdeveloped in others. For instance, Dexter argues against dangling links, but we found several situations where permitting and supporting dangling links was advisable. In Dexter, the data objects making up a component’s contents are encapsulated in the component; in practice, references to objects stored apart from the hypermedia structure should be allowed. We elaborate Dexter’s notion of composite component to include composites that “contain” other components and composites with structured contents, among others. The paper also includes a critique of Dexter’s notion of link directionality, proposes a distinction between marked and unmarked anchors, and discusses anchoring within a composite."
3154184403,"Gram: A Graph Data Model and Query Languages","Amann & Scholl",4,8,20,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168527","Bernd Amann, Michel Scholl","Bernd Amann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168527","","false","We present a model for data organized as graphs. Regular expressions over the types of the node and edge labels are used to qualify connected subgraphs. An algebraic language based on these regular expressions and supporting a restricted form of recursion is introduced. A natural application of this model and its query language is hypertext querying."
3154184404,"Fishing for Clarity in Hyperdocuments with Enhanced Fisheye-views","Tochtermann & Dittrich",6,1,18,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168528","K. Tochtermann, G. Dittrich","K. Tochtermann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168528","","false","It is known that fisheye-views prove beneficial to users who get lost in hyperspace. Until now, the fisheye-view strategy, introduced by Fumas, is only applicable in structures where the necessary components of the fisheye-view function can be defined. Unfortunately, directed graphs are structures where the fisheye-view function of Furnas cannot be applied. Therefore the fisheye-view concept was of limited value in hyperdocuments represented by such graphs. To overcome this lack, this paper proposes an enhancement of Furnas’ function to allow its application in hyperdocuments of that kind.
We will begin with a short review of Furnas’ well-known fisheye-view concept. Thereafter, we will discuss the problems that arise when one attempts to apply the concept in so-called ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. The results of this discussion lead to the development of a function which satisfies the requirements of the concept, and allows its use in hyperdocuments of almost any structure. To show that the fisheye-view concept of Fumas remains fulfilled, an appropriate theorem is formulated. The result is that the benefits of the fisheye-view concept can now be appreciated in ,,unstructured” hyperdocuments. In closing, we offer a detailed example, which illustrates the behavior of the enhanced fisheye-view function."
3154184405,"An Extensible Data Model for Hyperdocuments","de Bra, Houben & Kornatzky",12,4,31,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168530","Paul De Bra, Geert-Jan Houben, Yoram Kornatzky","Paul De Bra","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168530","","false","We present an extensible data model for hyperdocuments. It is intended to serve as the basis for integrating hypermedia systems with other information sources, such as object-oriented database management systems, information retrieval systems, and engineering CAD tools. Hyperdocuments are described by means of a small number of powerful constructs that integrate their structural and behavioral aspects. The different instantiation and combinations of these constructs yield an open class of hyperdocuments. Nodes, anchors, and links are all considered first-class objects and modeling constructs are applicable to all of them. These constructs permit a description of the multiple levels of functionality of an object within a hyperdocument, and the packaging of the different views of an object. Composite objects range over an extensible collection of structures including networks, sets, time-lines, and three-dimensional space CAD models."
3154184406,"Towards a Better Support for Hypermedia Structuring: The HYDESIGN Model","Marmann & Schlageter",4,1,28,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168531","Michael Marmann, Gunter Schlageter","Michael Marmann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168531","","false","Hypermedia systems are becoming an important information system class for a wide range of new and fascinating applications. But current systems still have some unpleasant restrictions. For example, only few hypermedia systems support the design of higher level hypermedia objects beyond the basic node-link paradigm. There are further restrictions concerning the modularization of the overall design and the reuse of (complex) hypermedia resources. HYDESIGN is the prototype of an extensible hypertext/ hypermedia system which addresses these restrictions. The crucial part of the development is the data management component, the HYDESIGN-engine, which has been built on top of the Gem Stone object-oriented database management system. A first prototype of a graphical user interface, the HYDE SIGN-GUI, has been developed in Smalltalk-80.
This paper focuses on central features of the HYDESIGN data model representing the conceptual basis of the HYDESIGN-engine. Aggregate links of differefit types are introduced which allow for the creation of higher level hypermedia networks. SBL-nodes represent particular composite nodes offering the capability of defining (nested) local environments with particular behaviour. Also different options for the sharing of hypermedia resources are proposed. HYDESIGN further supports navigation as well as query based access in an integrated approach. As a whole, HYDESIGN aims at a better support for the hypermedia design process by the provision of powerful structuring facilities."
3154184407,"Using Statecharts to Model Hypertext","Zheng & Pong",2,4,17,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.168532","Yi Zheng, Man-Chi Pong","Yi Zheng","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.168532","","false","This paper describes how to use statecharts to model hypertext. Statechart is a formal graphical model based on state transition diagram and hypergraph. The statechart model is compared with other models for hypertext based on simple node-and-link graph, first-order logic formulae, hypergraph, and petri net. The features of statecharts relevant to the modeling of hypertext are described. Statecharts for the common features in frame-based and scrolling-based hypertext are given. Then statecharts are used to model the various buttons supported in a real-life production hypertext system, Guide (both the Unix version and the version marketed by Owl International Inc.). These examples illustrate that statecharts can be used to abstract the structure from the content of hypertext, and to model the structure and the browsing semantics of hypertext clearly and vividly."
3154184408,"Hyperform: Using Extensibility to Develop Dynamic, Open, and Distributed Hypertext Systems","Wiil & Leggett",4,19,35,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.171510","Uffe K. Wiil, John J. Leggett","Uffe K. Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.171510","","false","An approach to flexible hyperbase (hypertext database) support predicated on the notion of extensibility is presented. The extensible hypertext platform (Hyperform) implements basic hyperbase services that can be tailored to provide specialized hyperbase support. Hyperform is based on an internal computational engine that provides an object-oriented extension language which allows new data model objects and operations to be added at run-time.
Hyperform has a number of built-in classes to provide basic hyperbase features such as concurrency control, notification control (events), access control, version control and search and query. Each of these classes can be specialized using multiple inheritance to form virtually any type of hyperbase support needed in next generation hypertext systems.
This approach greatly reduces the effort required to provide high quality customized hyperbase support for distributed hypertext applications. Hyperform is implemented and operational in Unix environments. This paper describes the Hyperform approach, discusses its advantages and disadvantages, and gives examples of simulating the HAM and the Danish HyperBase in Hyperform. Hyperform is compared with related work from the HAM generation of hyperbase systems and the current status of the project is reviewed."
3154184409,"Specifying Temporal Behavior in Hypermedia Documents","Buchanan & Zellweger",1,9,18,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.171513","M. Cecelia Buchanan, Polle T. Zellweger","M. Cecelia Buchanan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.171513","","false","We have designed and implemented a system for creating, editing, and displaying hypermedia documents. This system uses an improved document model with two major features. First, it allows authors to specify temporal synchronization constraints among events of interest within media segments. Second, it allows asynchronous material, such as user interaction, links, or programs, to be combined with richly coordinated synchronous material in a single hypermedia document. The system incorporates a linear programming algorithm to solve the temporal constraints. This process automatically constructs a schedule for displaying a document and may involve stretching or shrinking media segments. Because synchronization constraints record the author’s intentions and because the system creates schedules automatically, both creating documents and maintaining them throuughout their life cycles should be easier."
3154184410,"Hyperdocuments As Automata: Trace-based Browsing Property Verification","Stotts, Furuta & Ruiz",2,4,38,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.171515","P. David Stotts, Richard Furuta, J. Cyrano Ruiz","P. David Stotts","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.171515","Petri nets, access control, browsing semantics, hypertext, model checking, place/transition nets, security, synchronization, temporal logic, verification, versions","false","In many hypertext systems, meaningfully traversing a document depends on capabilities, features, and navigational aids that are part of the browser implementation. For example, if a reader browses to a node that has no out links, then backing up, or “warping” to the table of contents can allow the browsing session to continue.
If hyperdocuments are to become interchangeable among hypertext systems, rather than being readable only on the systems from which they are authored, one obvious but complex approach is to try and standardize on (most likely, very many) browsing features and behaviors, forming some standard union of the capabilities of current major implementations. This approach molds (or perhaps restricts) future systems, since new browsing “features” must then be worked into such a standard. An alternate approach, used in this paper, is to de-emphasized browser features and emphasize inherent document structure with browsing semantics. An author should be able to create document structure so that the desired meaningful access patterns are inherently allowed by links rather than by browser capabilities.
We present a method of analyzing the browsing properties of a hypertext document by examining the links alone. This method is not specific to any particular hypertext system or document authoring, format. With it, an author can be certain that a document will allow particular access patterns when read on any browser implementation that has a single navigation operation: direct link following. The method requires a mental shift in how a hyperdocument is conceived abstractly. Instead of treating the links of a document as defining a static directed graph, they are thought of as defining an abstract program, termed the links-automaton of the document. A branching temporal logic notation, termed HTL*, is introduced for specifying properties a document should exhibit during browsing. An automated program verification technique called model checking is then used to verify that these specifications are met by the behavior of the links-automaton. We illustrate the generality of our technique by applying it first to a Trellis document, and then to a Hyperties document."
3154184412,"Open Hypermedia Architectures and Linking Protocols (Abstract)","Trigg",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext","","ECHT '92","1992","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168466.171520","Randall H. Trigg","Randall H. Trigg","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168466.171520","","false","Most computer users today work with heterogeneous environments that include software from many vendors, multiple platforms needing to communicate, and information bases on remote machines. Their needs are often not for increased functionality in any particular application, but integration among existing applications.
In the last few years, this need has been addressed through proposals for open hypertext architectures and linking protocols. In principle, these allow linking across diverse applications and even across platforms. Rather than a monolithic hypermedia system presenting its own editors for various media, the user sees a framework into which existing editors can be “plugged” and a linking protocol with which to interconnect them. Though the framework is usually a separate program, the hope is that support for such open linking will one day migrate into the operating system. Indeed, protocols from Apple and Microsoft are steps in this direction.
Though the participants on this panel bring their own perspectives and backgrounds to the problem area, all share a belief that the future of hypermedia is not with systems that “own the world”, but with those that attempt to ‘(connect the world”. Furthermore, the panelists and the projects they represent have developed significant open hypermedia architectures and linking protocols and can draw on experience with real users.
Examples of questions we’ll be raising:
● What should be the minimum required of third-party applications that want to “play”. And how can we allow varying degrees of linking “awareness” across participating applications?
● Is consistent handling/appearance of links across applications important? (Consider, for example, Norm Meyrowitz’s 1987 call for a linking equivalent to the cut/copy/paste paradigm.)
● How does this work relate to new standards like Hytime?
● How do we get vendors to sign up for the idea? We need more “link-aware” software applications in order to get the project off the ground, but vendors first need to be convinced of the potential benefits.
[no references]"
3154184417,"The Architecture and Implementation of a Distributed Hypermedia Storage System","Shackelford, Smith & Smith",2,8,23,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168753","Douglas E. Shackelford, John B. Smith, F. Donelson Smith","Douglas E. Shackelford","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168753","computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), distributed data, distributed file systems, hypertext, performance, scalability","false","Our project is studying the process by which groups of individuals work together to build large, complex structures of ideas and is developing a distributed hypermedia collaboration environment (called ABC) to support that process. This paper focuses on the architecture and implementation of the Distributed Graph Storage (DGS) component of ABC. The DGS supports a graph-based data model, conservatively extended to meet hypermedia requirements. Some important issues addressed in the system include scale, performance, concurrency semantics, access protection, location independence, and replication (for fault tolerance)."
3154184418,"Concurrency Control in Collaborative Hypertext Systems","Wiil & Leggett",5,8,27,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168761","Uffe Kock Wiil, John J. Leggett","Uffe Kock Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168761","Collaborative work, concurrency control, distributed hypertext systems, events, extensibility, hyperbases, open architectures, supporting technologies, transaction management, user-controlled locking, version control","false","Traditional concurrency control techniques for database systems (transaction management based on locking protocols) have been successful in many multiuser settings, but these techniques are inadequate in open, extensible and distributed hypertext systems supporting multiple collaborating users, The term “multiple collaborating users” covers a group setting in which two or more users are engaged in a shared task. Group members can work simultaneously in the same computing environment, use the same set of tools and share a network of hypertext objects. Hyperbase (hypertext database) systems must provide special support for collaborative work, requiring adjustments and extensions to normal concurrency control techniques. Based on the experiences of two collaborative hypertext authoring systems, this paper identifies and discusses six concurrency control requirements that distinguish collaborative hypertext systems from multiuser hypertext systems, Approaches to the major issues (locking, notification control and transaction management) are examined from a supporting technologies point of view. Finally, we discuss how existing hyperbase systems fare with respect to the identified set of requirements. Many of the issues discussed in the paper are not limited to hypertext systems and apply to other collaborative systems as well."
3154184419,"Designing Dexter-based Cooperative Hypermedia Systems","Grønbæk et al.",4,5,18,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168764","Kaj Grønbæk, Jens A. Hem, Ole L. Madsen, Lennert Sloth","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168764","CSCW, Dexter model, Object Oriented Database, Open Hypermedia, Shared materials","false","This paper discusses issues for the design of a Dexter-based cooperative hypermedia architecture and a specific system, DeVise Hypermedia (DHM), developed from this architecture. The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model [Hala90] was used as basis for designing the architecture. The Dexter model provides a general and solid foundation for designing a general hypermedia architecture. It introduces central concepts and proposes a layering of the architecture. However, to handle cooperative work aspects, such as sharing material and cooperative authoring, we have to go beyond the Dexter model concepts. TO deal with such aspects we have extended our implementation of the Dexter concepts with support for long-term transactions, locking and event notification as called for by Halasz [Hala88]. The result is a platform independent architecture for developing cooperative hypermedia systems. The architecture consists of a portable kernel that constitutes an object oriented framework for developing Dexter compliant hypermedia systems. It is a client/server architecture including an object oriented database (OODB) to store the objects implementing the Dexter Storage Layer. We use a general 00DB being co-developed to support long term transactions, flexible locking, and event notification. The transaction and locking mechanism support several modes of cooperation on shared hypermedia materials, and the notification mechanism supports the users in maintaining awareness of each others’ activity, The portable kernel was used to implement the DHM system on two quite different platforms: UNIX/X-windows and Apple Macintosh."
3154184420,"MORE: Multimedia Object Retrieval Environment","Lucarella, Parisotto & Zanzi",10,5,34,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168766","Dario Lucarella, Stefano Parisotto, Antonella Zanzi","Dario Lucarella","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168766","Graph-oriented models, direct object manipulation, hypertext querying, information retrieval, multimedia databases, visual interface","false","In this paper, we present a graph-based object model that will be used as a uniform framework for direct manipulation of multimedia information.
Essentially, we propose a graph representation of the conceptual schema, the object instances, and the user queries. The resulting uniform approach is well suited to a visual interface in which the user, supported by appropriate tools, manipulates directly on the screen object graphs for different purposes as schema definition, querying, browsing, and viewing. Next, we give formal definitions of such operations along with examples concerning a real multimedia application we have developed in order to experiment with the proposed approach.
Finally, design and implementation issues are discussed for MORE, a prototype system that, combining effectively browsing and querying techniques, provides a visual environment for multimedia information retrieval."
3154184421,"Should Anchors Be Typed Too?: An Experiment with MacWeb","Nanard & Nanard",11,19,20,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168767","Jocelyne Nanard, Marc Nanard","Jocelyne Nanard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168767","Knowledge-based hypertext, anchoring, dynamic links, virtual documents","false","Macweb is a hypertext system that uses types to incorporate knowledge in hypertext. In this paper, we examine an application developed with the system for accessing a technical document base in the context of a task. This application gives us the opportunity to discuss the extension of typing to anchors. We show that attaching knowledge to anchors through types must take into account the context of use of the anchored text. Thus, we introduce the notion of semantic anchoring of concepts within documents. We show how Macweb makes it possible to implement this approach without adding any new features and how it provides an answer to the famous sentence “Don’t link me in”. Beyond the experiment itself, the foundations of the approach and its connection with hypertext systems modeling is presented."
3154184422,"Another Dimension to Hypermedia Access","Ichimura & Matsushita",2,1,20,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168768","Satoshi Ichimura, Yutaka Matsushita","Satoshi Ichimura","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168768","ISM-CSA, book metaphor, hypermedia, information retrieval","false","The OpenBook system using a book metaphor allows a user to leaf through a set of nodes retrieved from a hypermedia just like a book. While leafing through the book, the reader does not need to pay attention to the detailed description written in pages, but impressive information such as chapter titles and figures catches reader’s eyes. In other words, leafing through an electronic book takes advantage of a cognitive capability to skim the outlines of the contents. Moreover, the system supports a query-based access mechanism which supports a structure search mechanism for the purpose of finding potentially useful nodes. Furthermore, this paper describes a method of linearizing complex hyper-networked nodes to facilitate high speed browsing, which is a unique aspect of OpenBook."
3154184423,"Hypercubes Grow on Trees (and Other Observations from the Land of Hypersets)","Van Dyke Parunak",2,7,8,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168769","H. Van Dyke Parunak","H. Van Dyke Parunak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168769","Information structures, authoring, classification, retrieval, taxonomic reasoning","false","Much of the power of hypermedia comes from the development of techniques for information management that closely match natural cognitive processes. HyperSet, a hypermedia environment tailored for taxonomic reasoning [Parunak 91], is an example of this philosophy. People perform taxonomic reasoning when they classify, store, and retrieve a number of similar information objects (such as biological specimens, or linguistic constructions, or research projects). The process is essentially set-based. The user sorts objects into sets based on their characteristics; looks together at members of a single set to search for correlations or discernible subsets among them; examines the different sets of which one item is a member to see whether there are relations among them; and generates new sets from old ones.
Two years of experience in using HyperSet has led to a deeper understanding of the patterns and processes of taxonomic reasoning and the kind of computer methods that can effectively support it. This paper reports on three of these insights:
1. The set of sets that develops as classification takes place is not flat, but hierarchical. Analysis of this hierarchy yields a representation that combines the flexibility of a directed acyclic graph with the navigational properties of strict trees.
2. It is useful for a taxonomic information system to support a simple dualism between sets and their elements, permitting one to do set operations on artifacts as well as on sets.
3. Similarity measures among different sets are most usefully computed for a hypercube of such sets, a hypercube that emerges naturally from the hierarchical structure of sets."
3154184424,"Dynamic Hypertext and Knowledge Agent Systems for Multimedia Information Networks","Shibata & Katsumoto",0,3,23,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168772","Yoshitaka Shibata, Michiaki Katsumoto","Yoshitaka Shibata","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168772","Agent, Human Interface, Hypermedia, Knowledge-Base, Multimedia","false","In this paper, a new intelligent human interface which can provide simple and flexible user access capabilities, based on the concept of dynamic hypertext System is introduced for multimedia information networks. In this dynamic hypertext system, Metanodes and Metalinks are defined as abstract nodes and flexible links, and organize a dynamic information space where user can easily retrieve the desired information objects by asking to the knowledge agent . The knowledge agent based on the knowledge-base can decide the link from the current reference point to the suitable Metanodes among the multimedia databases distributed over the network. The knowledge agent also performs media format conversion of the original information units to adjust to the users workstation capabilities and temporal synchronization among different media. In order to evaluate the functions of the suggested human interface, two applications are introduced and developed on the prototype multimedia information network."
3154184425,"Applying AI Models to the Design of Exploratory Hypermedia Systems","Bareiss & Osgood",0,4,13,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168790","Ray Bareiss, Richard Osgood","Ray Bareiss","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168790","Exploratory Systems, Hypermedia, Indexing, Task Models","false","A discussion of the improvements and changes from Perseus 1.0 to Perseus 2.0, and the motivations for these changes."
3154184426,"The Knowledge Weasel Hypermedia Annotation System","Lawton & Smith",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168793","Daryl T. Lawton, Ian E. Smith","Daryl T. Lawton","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168793","Hypermedk Collaborative Annotation, Link-Based Navigation, Query-Based Navigation","false","We describe the organization and implementation of the Knowledge Weasel (KW) Hypermedia Annotation System which we are using to explore knowledge structuring by collaborative annotation. Knowledge Weasel incorporates many useful features: a common record format for representing annotations in different media for uniform access; dynamic user control of the presentation of annotations as a navigational aid global navigation using queries and local navigation using link following; support for collecting related sets of annotations into groups for contextual reference and communication. KW purposely leverages off of free, publicly available software so it doesn’t require building specialized tools and also so it can be freely available. We discuss some of the issues involved with annotating non-textual material such as images and sound and conclude with a brief discussion of ongoing and future work."
3154184427,"Hypertext by Link-resolving Components","Tompa, Blake & Raymond",2,3,15,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168796","Frank Wm. Tompa, G. Elizabeth Blake, Darrell R. Raymond","Frank Wm. Tompa","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168796","Hypertext system architecture, database keys, dynamic linking, link resolution","false","In conventional hypertext, links are explicit connections between specific regions of a text. We describe an architecture that treats links as the outcome of responses to user pokes. In this architecture, a hypertext is a collection of link-resolving components, each interpreting a user’s request according to its own resolution algorithm. Each link-resolving component is a set of cooperative processes, communicating with a central network manager. When a user points at some location within a window, each link-resolving component is given a key derived according to a previously-stored algorithm; the link-resolving components concurrently update their displays according to their algorithms for resolving the keys. Multiple applications can easily share a common source and be invoked simultaneously, providing a concurrent browsing mechanism. Two example hypertext employing this architecture are described."
3154184428,"Selective Text Utilization and Text Traversal","Salton & Allen",3,9,26,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168809","Gerard Salton, James Allen","Gerard Salton","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168809","automatic text linking, full-text access, global text comparisons, information retrieval, local context checking, passage retrieval, selective text reading, text analysis, text summarization","false","Many large collections of full-text documents are currently stored in machine-readable form and processed automatically in various ways. These collections may include different types of documents, such as messages, research articles, and books, and the subject matter may vary widely. To process such collections, robust text analysis methods must be used, capable of handling materials in arbitrary subject areas, and flexible access must be provided to texts and text excerpts of varying size.
In this study, global text comparison methods are used to identify similarities between text elements, followed by local context-checking operations that resolve ambiguities and distinguish superficially similar texts from texts that actually cover identical topics. A linked text structure is then created that relates similar texts at various levels of detail. In particular, text links are available for full texts, as well as text sections, paragraphs, and sentence groups. The linked structures are usable to identify important text passages, to traverse texts selectively both within particular documents and between documents, and to provide flexible text access to large text collections in response to various kinds of user needs. An automated 29-volume encyclopedia is used as an example to illustrate the text accessing and traversal operations."
3154184429,"HieNet: A User-centered Approach for Automatic Link Generation","Chang",7,4,17,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168812","Daniel T. Chang","Daniel T. Chang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168812","Link Apprentice, Link Generation, Links, SGML, Vector Space Model","false","Most hypertext systems facilitate one-at-a-time link creation, but only a few support automatic link generation. In systems that do support automatic link generation, user interests are either ignored or explicit user actions are required to enter a set of keywords and queries.
In this paper we present a new linking mechanism called HieNet, implemented on top of a commercial hypertext system, that generates new links based on previously-created user links. Our approach allows users direct control over similarity thresholds, node granularity, and the extent of linking in composite nodes. Our work derives from Salton’s work on automatic generation of links using term vectors, and extends the ideas incorporated in Bernstein’s Link Apprentice and Lotus SmarText. Preliminary tests show that HieNet generates plausible links with acceptable performance and that users can learn to control the link generation parameters."
3154184430,"Media-based Navigation for Hypermedia Systems","Hirata et al.",2,6,15,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168818","Kyoji Hirata, Yoshinori Hara, Naoki Shibata, Fusako Hirabayashi","Kyoji Hirata","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168818","Hypermedia Database, Indexing, Information Retrieval, Media-based Navigation, Pattern Matching","false","In this paper, we present the concept and the general framework of a new navigation style for hypermedia systems, the media-based navigation. The user browses through a hypermedia system using the specific clues such as shape, color, construction for still image, motion for movie, and tone or melody for auditory data. In this navigation, the user and the system interact with each other without translating the textual representation. We describe the visual-based navigation and show its algorithms. The algorithms are implemented on an experimental hypermedia database system called “Miyabi.” We show some experimental results and our current evaluation. We also describe the implementation of the algorithms for large scale hypermedia systems and show that these algorithms can effectively apply to the system which have more than 10000 images. We also describe the auditory media-based navigation. The media-based navigation is a useful interface for hypermedia systems to improve human-machine interactive interfaces."
3154184431,"Hypertext and the Author/Reader Dialogue","Michalak & Coney",1,2,17,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168820","Susan Michalak, Mary Coney","Susan Michalak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168820","hypertext, implied author, literary theory, reader roles, reader-response criticism, rhetoric","false","Hypertext theorists tend to approach the hypertext concept from radically different philosophical positions. Some theorists stress hypertext’s utility as an information storage and retrieval device; others praise hypertext’s ability to free the reader from linear media; still others applaud hypertext’s connectivity and its ability to create a basis for the communal creation of knowledge. The hypertext documents that these theorists envision (and create) are quite different from one another because they are based on each theorist’s particular perspective on hypertext. Recently, many hypertext theorists have acknowledged a need for hypertext authors to develop a better rhetorical understanding of their readers; however, the reader roles that most hypertext theorists have thus far anticipated do not encompass all of the reader roles that hypertext can accommodate. Coney (Cone92a) has offered a comprehensive “taxonomy of readers” that-although it was originally conceived as a taxonomy of readers of conventional print-provides deeper insight into hypertext reader roles. In this paper, we will discuss the philosophical traditions invoked by various hypertext theorists and the reader roles that are accommodated or required by those traditions. Finally, we will discuss the hypertext author’s virtual presence, the implied author, as a corollary of reader role."
3154184432,"Links in Hypermedia: The Requirement for Context","Hardman, Bulterman & van Rossum",3,8,13,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168822","Lynda Hardman, Dick C. A. Bulterman, Guido van Rossum","Lynda Hardman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168822","Hypermedia links, context for links, hypermedia presentation, structured multimedia","false","Taking the concept of a link from hypertext and adding to it the rich collection of information formats found in multimedia systems provides an extension to hypertext that is often called hypermedia. Unfortunately, the implicit assumptions under which hypertext links work do not extend well to time-based presentations that consist of a number of simultaneously active media items. It is not obvious where links should lead and there are no standard rules that indicate what should happen to other parts of the presentation that are active.
This paper addresses the problems associated with links in hypermedia. In order to provide a solution, we introduce the notion of context for the source and the destination of a link. A context makes explicit which part of a presentation is affected when a link is followed from an anchor in the presentation. Given explicit source and destination contexts for a link, an author is able to state the desired presentation characteristics for following a link, including whether the presentation currently playing should continue playing or be replaced.
We first give an intuitive description of contexts for links, then present a structure-based approach. We go on to describe the implementation of contexts in our hypermedia authoring system CMIFed."
3154184433,"Exploring Large Hyperdocuments: Fisheye Views of Nested Networks","Noik",3,6,30,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168823","Emanuel G. Noik","Emanuel G. Noik","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168823","Nested hypertext networks, fisheye views, graphs, navigation, overviews","false","Browsing large hypertext by following links can be difficult and confusing, especially if links span distant nodes. Often, a user would like to explore several regions of a network simultaneously, when studying the end points of one or more links, for example. Although this can be achieved by displaying each area of interest in a separate zoomed-in window, the union of such views is not always meaningful. In particular, valuable context showing the relationships between the views is lost. By balancing local detail and global context, fisheye views display information at several levels of abstraction simultaneously. We have devised a novel technique for generating fisheye views of hierarchically nested graphs with multiple variable magnification focal points. In this paper we demonstrate its feasibility as a tool for exploring large nested hypertext networks."
3154184434,"Browsing Through Querying: Designing for Electronic Books","Charoenkitkarn et al.",3,0,27,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168824","Nipon Charoenkitkarn, Jim Tam, Mark H. Chignell, Gene Golovchinsky","Nipon Charoenkitkarn","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168824","Information retrieval, electronic books, hand-held computing, pen-based navigation, relevance feedback, text analysis","false","The emerging technologies of pen-based navigation and hand-held computing pose a number of challenges for hypertext and the development of electronic books. In this paper we explore methods of query-based browsing that meet some of these challenges. We describe an existing prototype (Queries-R-Links) that we have developed and we then discuss an enhanced version of query-based browsing that uses methods of text analysis and related approaches to provide a more focused set of hits (links) during browsing."
3154184435,"Searching for the Missing Link: Discovering Implicit Structure in Spatial Hypertext","Marshall & Shipman",22,31,42,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168826","Catherine C. Marshall, Frank M. Shipman, III","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168826","implicit structure, link automation, spatial hypertext","true","Hypertext may be implicitly structured, based on either node content or context. In the paper, we examine implicit structures that rely on the interpretation of node’s spatial context. Hypertext authors and readers can perceive and understand these idiosyncratic structures, but, because they are implicit, they cannot be used by the system to support users’ activities. We have explored spatially structured hypertext authored in three different systems, and have developed heuristic recognition algorithms based on the results of our analyses of the kinds of structures that people build. Our results indicate that (1) recognition of implicit structures in spatial hypertext is feasible, (2) interaction will be important in guiding such recognition, and (3) the hypertext system can provide layout facilities that will render later systematic interpretation much easier. Found structures can be used as a basis for supporting information management, as a straightforward way of promoting knowledge-base evolution, as a way of solving representational problems endemic to many hypertext systems, or as a basis for collaboration or interaction."
3154184436,"The Microcosm Link Service (Abstract): An Integrating Technology","Hall et al.",2,4,2,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168827","Wendy Hall, Hugh Davis, Adrian Pickering, Gerard Hutchings","Wendy Hall","Extended Abstract","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168827","","false","The Microcosm hypermedia system is currently implemented in C under Microsoft Windows. Macintosh and Unix/X versions have been prototype. The video shows the MS Windows version which is the most fully developed and has been integrated with several Windows applications.
Microcosm consists of a number of viewers which allow the user to view and interact with many different formats of information. The viewers communicate with Microcosm which then sends messages through a filter chain. Important filters are the link databases, or linkbases, In Microcosm, documents are not marked up internally: the link data is held in these separate link bases, and the viewers communicate with the linkbases to establish what buttons and links exist relevant to a particular document.
The Microcosm model allows a spectrum of link types. At one end of this spectrum are specific links or buttons which are manually authored links from a fixed source point to a destination point, Generic links are links that have a fixed destination but which may be followed from any point in any document where the appropriate object (such as a text selection) occurs. At the other end of the spectrum are computed links. These links are generated dynamically using information retrieval techniques, for example.
An important feature of Microcosm is the facility to dynamically install filters, particularly linkbases. It is common for a user to have at least two linkbases in the filter chain. One will be the application’s Iinkbase which will contain links made by the original author. Another will belong to the user, and will contain personal link information and annotations. It is thus possible to have one set of multimedia documents, with a number of different linkbases that might contain completely separate views on the same set of information. If required, a user could install more than one such linkbase at a time and use the union of these sets of links.
The Microcosm model provides a link service using which it is possible to follow links into and out of applications that are not part of Microcosm. Many Windows application packages have facilities that permit programmable communication with the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) and in this case it is possible to treat such an application as a Microcosm viewer. When it is not possible to communicate via the DDE, links can be followed by simply cutting and pasting a selection to the clipboard. The openness of the model, allows selections to be any data objects."
3154184437,"Miyabi: A Hypermedia Database with Media-based Navigation (Abstract)","Hirata, Takana & Hara",1,0,1,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168828","Kyoji Hirata, Hajime Takano, Yoshinori Hara","Kyoji Hirata","Video","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168828","","false","Each medium has its own information clues which can hardly be described by alphanumeric representations (we call them “media information clues”). They are, for example, shape, color, construction for still image, motion for movie, and tone, melody for auditory data. However, hypermedia system designers so far have been forced to assign many keywords or many links among objects in order to provide flexible and user-customized navigation. As a result, costs for organizing such systems rise accordingly, and it is difficult to apply this kind of alphanumeric approach directly to large-scale systems.
The translation from media information clues to alphanumeric representation is clearly a barrier for the interaction between the system and its users. Instead, users should Ibeable to directly make a query to the hypermedia using the same representation as the object they want to retrieve.
Media-based navigation is a new navigation style for hypermedia systems. Users can use media information clues in both browsing and querying phase.
Users retrieve objects using media information such as shape, color, motion, etc. This type of media-based retrieval becomes even more powerful as users can input the queries to the system as objects they perceive in the real world. The system, then, interprets the queries and shows possible candidates that match the query. Users browse these candidates, and show interesting objects to the system. The system finds all other objects that might be of interest to the user.
Miyabi is a prototype of a navigation-based hypermedia database system, It is based on an extended Entity-Relationship model and provides a wide variety of navigational tools such as schema browsers and media-based browsing tools. It is designed to clearly separate conceptual information from media processing so as to simplify its architecture. It is also designed to consider high level semantic structures to handle large amounts of hypermedia data. Miyabi has wide use of database conceptual modeling as well as user-friendly hypermedia operations.
We have developed a Paris guide system and an electronic art museum to demonstrate the usefulness of Miyabi. Both prototypes have approximately 600 instances, 2000 links and 200 images based on six entities."
3154184438,"The SEPIA Hypermedia System As Part of the POLIKOM Telecooperation Scenario","Haake, Knopik & Streitz",4,0,7,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168831","Jörg Haake, Thomas Knopik, Norbert Streitz","Jörg Haake","Video","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168831","","false","The decision of the German parliament to relocate the seat of parliament and government from Bonn to Berlin represents a major challenge and opportunity for information and communication technology [2]. It is the goal that ministries and parliament must be able to work (almost) as if they were at the same location. But the Bonn-Berlin problem is not unique. It is only one example of distributed cooperative work, e.g. in a united Europe or in a multinational company operating at a world-wide level. In order to meet this challenge, the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology instructed the National Research Center for Computer Science (GMD) to develop a research programme named POLIKOM (POLis+KOMmunikation = communication between cities). This programme is intended to establish a joint effort of leading companies, research institutes and universities with projects starting soon."
3154184442,"Enactment in Information Farming","Bernstein",12,5,32,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168837","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168837","","true","Information farming views the cultivation of information as a continuing, collaborative activity performed by groups of people working together to achieve changing individual and common goals. Failure to differentiate information farming from related but distinct activities like information mining and data factories has been a fruitful source of misunderstanding and discord in the hypertext literature and in the design of hypertext environments. Dramatic enactment and visual salience — not recall, precision, or usability— assume primary roles in design for information gardening. In this technical briefing, we examine how enactment contribute to the success and failure of a variety of Hypergate and Story space features."
3154184443,"Technologically Assisted Focussing in Psychotherapy with Couples: A Hypertext Application for Clients, Clinicians & Researchers","Raphaely",3,0,68,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168839","Den' Raphaely","Den' Raphaely","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168839","","false","Video, controlled by computer, can be used in psychotherapy to give a couple feedback on how they interact. Organized hypertextually, these clips can be cross-referenced with other video-records (e.g. other sessions with this couple or another couple; movies; documentaries) and with other kinds of texts (e.g. therapist notes, scholarly references, genograms, cartoons). But how are these to be organized practically? And on what theoretical basis? This demonstration will show how a hypertext shell (the nW A YZ Project) built on HyperCardTM and VideoToolkitTM can be used to construct a hypertext for use by clients, therapists and researchers."
3154184444,"The Microcosm Link Service","Hall, Hill & Davis",4,2,9,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168842","Wendy Hall, Gary Hill, Hugh Davis","Wendy Hall","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168842","","false","As understanding of hypertext concepts has increased, the possibilities they present for the creation of a flexible system able to act as an integrator for a user’s whole environment are growing. This has led to interest in the concept of open hypermedia systems that are able to act as a link service to an existing set of applications. The key to this concept is in the perception of hypertext principles as a method for integration rather than simply as a delivery medium for a clearly defined information set.
A vision of the possibilities such a system might provide in a real world situation is given by Malcolm et al. [Malc91]. They paint a convincing picture of an environment where hypertext principles provide a seamless integration of a diverse range of applications. In order to provide such facilities in an efficient manner, a common link service such as described by Pearl [Pear89] and Rizk [Rizk92] is essential. This would provide a standard linking protocol that any application can take advantage of in order to become a fully integrated part of its environment. The Microcosm link service which we have been developing at the University of Southampton addresses the need for an integrating technology of this type."
3154184445,"Information Retrieval Techniques for Hypertext in the Semi-structured Toolkit","Perlman",5,0,11,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168844","Gary Perlman","Gary Perlman","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168844","","false","The Semi-Structured Toolkit (SST) is a C library that provides universal functions based on abstractions for storage format- and data-type dependencies of semi-structured/frame-based information units. The SST provides searching, sorting, viewing, and linking operations for data stored in its native formats, without requiring proprietary formats or conversion. Hypertext capabilities such as linking and outlining are implemented in the SST with inverted indices for each of the fields in semi-structured records. This paper describes the implementation of hypertext capabilities in the SST."
3154184446,"Design of Hypermedia Script Languages: The KMS Experience","Akscyn & McCracken",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168846","Robert M. Akscyn, Donald L. McCracken","Robert M. Akscyn","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168846","","false","This briefing describes the design of the KMS script language and some of the lessons learned from experience using it. The language—the result of over 20 years of ZOG/KMS development—is a procedural, block-structured language characterized by a simple ‘command line’ syntax, a large number of intrinsic commands (approximately 800), and the use of nodes and links as a central aspect of the syntax and semantics of the language. The intrinsic use of nodes and links in the script language provides interesting opportunities, not only for the design of other aspects of the language such as control structures, but also for the use of hypermedia as a programming environment to facilitate development and maintenance of scripts. In addition to designing the language, we have used it extensively to develop many hypermedia-based applications. Our experience, and that of end-user organizations, strongly reinforces our general belief that a script language is a valuable adjunct to hypermedia systems and instrumental to the utility of hypermedia for real world task environments.
[no references]"
3154184447,"The Perseus Project: Developing Version 2.0","Mylonas",1,0,10,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168847","Elli Mylonas","Elli Mylonas","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168847","","false","A discussion of the improvements and changes from Perseus 1.0 to Perseus 2.0, and the motivations for these changes."
3154184448,"Argumentation in Action","Bernstein, Marshall & Streitz",4,0,4,"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '93","1993","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/168750.168849","Mark Bernstein, Catherine C. Marshall, Norbert Streitz","Mark Bernstein","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/168750.168849","","false","Can explicit structure shed light on complicated arguments? Three hypertext systems—Storyspace, Aquanet, and SEPIA—will be used to explore and to represent issues from the Hypertext 93 panel, “Hypertext Fiction: Structure and Narrative.” Through a realistic experiment in capturing a particularly challenging exchange of views, this panel seeks to illuminate different approaches to hypertext argumentation."
3154184450,"Coexistence and Transformation of Informal and Formal Structures: Requirements for More Flexible Hypermedia Systems","Haake, Neuwirth & Streitz",12,10,29,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192758","Jörg M. Haake, Christine M. Neuwirth, Norbert A. Streitz","Jörg M. Haake","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192758","design space for hypermedia systems, flexibility, hypermedia interface, information structures, meeting support","false","In this paper, we argue that some tasks (e.g., meeting support) require more flexible hypermedia systems and we describe a prototype hypermedia system, DOLPHIN, that implements more flexibility. As part of the argument, we present a theoretical design space for information structuring systems and locate existing hypertext systems within it. The dimensions of the space highlight a system’s internal representation of structure and the user’s actions in creating structure. Second, we describe an empirically derived range of activities connected to conducting group meetings, including the pre- and post-preparation phases, and argue that hyptetext systems need to be more flexible in order to support this range of activities. Finally, we describe a hypermedia prototype, DOLPHIN, which implements this kind of flexible support for meetings. DOLPHIN supports different degrees of formality (e.g., handwriting and sketches as well as typed nodes and links are supported), coexistence of different structures (e.g., handwriting and nodes can exist on the same page) and mutual transformations between them (e.g., handwriting can be turned into nodes and vice versa)."
3154184451,"VIKI: Spatial Hypertext Supporting Emergent Structure","Marshall, Shipman & Coombs",11,46,29,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192759","Catherine C. Marshall, Frank M. Shipman, III, James H. Coombs","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192759","Spatial hypertext, composites, emergent structure, interpretation, visual structure recognition","true","The emergent nature of structure is a crucial, but often ignored, constraint on authoring hypertexts. VIKI is a spatial hypertext system that supports the emergent qualities of structure and the abstractions that guide its creation. We have found that a visual/spatial metaphor for hypertext allows people to express the nuances of structure, especialy ambiguous, partial, or emerging structure, more easily. VIKI supports interpretation of a collected body of materials, a task that becomes increasingly important with the availability of on-line information sources. The tool’s data model includes semi-structured objects, collections that provide the basis for spatial navigation, and object composites, all of which may evolve into types. A spatial parser supports this evolution and enhances user interaction with changing, visually apparent organizations."
3154184452,"Fixed or Fluid?: Document Stability and New Media","Levy",10,1,29,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192760","David M. Levy","David M. Levy","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192760","documents, fixity, fluidity, hypertext","false","One of the crucial properties of documents through the ages has been their fixity. The ability to mark surfaces in relatively stable ways has made it possible for people distributed across space and time to see the same images and thereby to have access to the same meanings or communicative intent. Today, however, with the increasing use of digital technologies, it is often asserted that we are moving from the fixed world of paper documents to the fluid world of digital documents. In this paper I challenge this assertion, arguing instead that all documents, regardless of medium, are fixed and fluid. Thus, although paper documents do fix aspects of communication, they do (and must) also change; and although digital documents are easily changeable, they must also be capable of remaining fixed. I make use of this analysis in two ways: first, to examine the fixity and fluidity of hypertext; and second, to critique Bolter’s argument in Writing Space concerning the movement from “fixed to fluid.”"
3154184453,"Extending the Microcosm Model to a Distributed Environment","Hill & Hall",10,8,15,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192763","Gary Hill, Wendy Hall","Gary Hill","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192763","Distributed, Hypertext, Microcosm, Open","false","In recent years, there has been significant growth in the use of computer networks to support electronic delivery of information. As the volume of available information has grown, a need for powerful tools that can manage access has arisen. It has been suggested that hypertext techniques can provide such a facility. The Microcosm system is a hypertext link service developed at the University of Southampton. The system is based upon a modular architecture which allows the functionality of the system to be easily and dynamically extended. This paper describes the development of a distributed version of Microcosm based upon this modular design. The distributed system described utilises the fine granularity of the Microcosm model to support a wide range of wide possible configurations. The system also extends the document management facilities of Microcosm to allow information stored by other information services to be incorporated. The result is a system that can apply Microcosm’s open linking services to a wide range of networked information."
3154184454,"Light Hypermedia Link Services: A Study of Third Party Application Integration","Davis, Knight & Hall",7,23,19,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192767","Hugh C. Davis, Simon Knight, Wendy Hall","Hugh C. Davis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192767","Integration, Microcosm, Open Hypermedia, Services","false","Recently there has been a tendency for the research community to move away from closed hypermedia systems, towards open hypermedia link services which allow third parties to produce applications so that they are hypertext-enabled. This paper explores the frontiers of this trend by examining the minimum responsibility of an application to co-operate with the underlying link service, and, in the limiting case where the application has not been enabled in any way, it explores the properties and qualities of hypermedia systems that can be produced. A tool, the Universal Viewer, which allows the Microcosm Hypermedia System to co-operate with applications which have not been enabled in introduced and a case study is presented which demonstrates the functionality that may be achieved using entirely third party applications, most of which have not been enabled."
3154184455,"Adding Networking to Hypertext: Can It Be Done Transparently?","Brown",2,0,11,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192769","Peter Brown","Peter Brown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192769","GUIDE, active document, distributed hyperdocument, file, link, storage, wide-area network","false","Networks are becoming increasingly available and hypertext systems with networking capabilities are currently enjoying exponential growth. The vast majority of hypertext systems were not, however, designed to cater for networking. This paper examines whether it is possible to add networking to such systems and, if so, whether it can be done without upsetting existing hyperdocuments, existing authors and existing readers. The examination is done using one specific hypertext system, UNIX Guide, but the lessons are, I hope, more general."
3154184456,"Composites in a Dexter-based Hypermedia Framework","Grønbæk",1,12,20,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192771","Kaj Grønbæk","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192771","Composites, Dexter model, GuidedTour, Hierarchies, Object Oriented Framework, Structure","false","This paper discusses the design and use of a generic composite mechanism in the object oriented DEVISE Hypermedia (DHM) development framework. The DHM development framework is based on the Dexter Hypertext Reference Model, which introduces a notion of composite to model editors with complex or multiple types of contents. The original Dexter notion of composites is, however, insufficient to cover structural composites including or referencing other components. Thus the DHM framework has been extended with generic composite classes suited to support structures within the hypermedia network itself. The paper presents and discusses the design of the generic composite classes belonging to the STORAGE and RUNTIME layers of the framework. A central aspect of the design is that the structuring mechanism is a true composite with a collection of components as its contents rather than an atomic component with links to other components as in the classical systems such as NoteCards, Intermedia, and KMS. It is also shown how the powerful generic classes can be used to implement a variety of useful hypermedia concepts such as: hierarchy by inclusion, hierarchy by reference, virtual and computed browsers, TableTops and GuidedTours."
3154184457,"Adding Multimedia Collections to the Dexter Model","Garzotto, Mainetti & Paolini",8,6,29,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192774","Franca Garzotto, Luca Mainetti, Paolo Paolini","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192774","Active Media, Collection, Composite, Design, Dexter Model, Guided Tour","false","The Dexter Model defines the notion of atomic components and composite components, but it does not prescribe, nor it suggests, any particular structure for composite components. This paper proposes a specific type of composite component, called “collection”. A collection is a container holding several members. Collections can contain other collections (nested collections). Collections can be regarded as sets, but they can also have an inner structure. Collections can be created in several ways: manually, through queries, by operations on other collections, by exploiting links, etc. Collections introduce a navigational pattern, based on their structure, that is different from the standard node&link navigation. If active media are considered, collections allow the design and implementation of complex synchronisation strategies, difficult to obtain otherwise. The paper describes the motivations for using collections, their structure, their navigational capabilities and a number of possible authoring mechanisms. It also examines the interplay between standard navigation and collection navigation, possible synchronization strategies for collections, as well as the requirements for the definition of a runtime support (which could be used to extend the runtime layer of the Dexter Model)."
3154184458,"Under CoVer: The Implementation of a Contextual Version Server for Hypertext Applications","Haake",5,0,30,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192776","Anja Haake","Anja Haake","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192776","Versioning, alternatives, implementation techniques, publishing applications, state-oriented versioning, task-oriented versioning","false","At GMD-IPSI we are developing CoVer, a contextual version server for hypertext applications. Another characterization of CoVer is that CoVer integrates state-oriented versioning concepts with task-oriented versioning concepts. While other version models in general support only one of these groups of concepts, we argue that the explicit composition of versions of complex hypertext networks has to be complemented by automatic version creation in the context of tasks or jobs performed while manipulating the hypertext network and vice versa. Regarding the implementation of version models, it turns out that the state-oriented implementation approach—representing every legal state of a hyperdocument explicitly—and the task-oriented implementation approach—computing versions of complex hypertext networks due to changes executed during a task or job—are interchangeable. While the separation of state- and task-oriented concepts at the conceptual level of the version model is desireable to support version creation and selection for different hypertext applications, the implementation of such a dual model can be based on a single implementation approach. This paper discusses both types of implementation with an emphasis to cope with alternative versions that are in particular meaningful for hypertext publishing applications."
3154184459,"Chimera: Hypertext for Heterogeneous Software Environments","Anderson, Taylor & Whitehead",10,27,37,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192783","Kenneth M. Anderson, Richard N. Taylor, E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192783","heterogeneous hypertext, hypertext system architectures, link servers, separation of concerns, software development environments","false","Emerging software development environments are characterized by heterogeneity: they are composed of diverse object stores, user interfaces, and tools. This paper presents an approach for providing hypertext services in this heterogeneous setting. Central notions of the approach include the following. Anchors are established with respect to interactive views of objects, rather than the objects themselves. Composable, n-ary links can be established between anchors on different views of objects stored in distinct object bases. Viewers (and objects) may be implemented in different programming languages afforded by a client-server architecture. Multiple, concurrently active viewers enable multimedia hypertext services. The paper describes the approach and presents an architecture which supports it. Experience with the Chimera prototype and its relationship to other systems is described."
3154184460,"SIROG: A Responsive Hypertext Manual","Simon & Erdmann",2,1,17,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192784","Lothar Simon, Jochen Erdmann","Lothar Simon","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192784","hypertext manual, process control, process monitoring, situation-dependence, task model","false","Power plant operation and control in modern screen-based control rooms takes place using computer displays which are directly coupled to the plant state. However, operators are provided with operational instructions and background information by means of paper manuals or at best hypertext manuals with fixed structure and contents. Thus, information presentation is independent of the current situation. To improve information accessibility we developed a situation-dependent information medium: responsive manuals. A responsive manual consists of a “standard” hypertext-based operational manual and a task description. It monitors the changing situation and based on this is able to point to relevant information. To show the advantages of the responsive manual approach in the domain of power plant operation we implemented the SIROG (situation-related operational guidance) system in close cooperation with Siemans. It covers all parts of an operational manual for accidents in a Siemans nuclear power plant, and is coupled directly to the plant state. The article discusses the basics of the responsive manuals approach and the role of “responsiveness” in SIROG."
3154184461,"Repertory Hypergrids: An Application to Clinical Practice Guidelines","Madigan et al.",7,0,41,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192785","David Madigan, C. Richard Chapman, Jonathan Gavrin, Ole Villumsen, John Boose","David Madigan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192785","Implicit linking, clinical practice guidelines, evolution, link maintenance, repertory grid","false","Creation and maintenance of links in large hypermedia documents is difficult. Motivated by an application to a federal clinical practice guideline for cancer pain management, we have developed and evaluated a repertory grid-based linking scheme we call repertory hypergrids. Harnessing established knowledge acquisition techniques, the repertory hypergrid assigns each “knowledge chunk” a location in “context space”. A chunk links to another chunk if they are both close in context space. To evaluate the scheme, we conducted a protocol analysis. Six users of the guideline addressing typical cancer pain management tasks made 30 explicit links. The repertory hypergrid using a neighborhood size of 16 captures 24 of these links. With optimization, the repertory hypergrid captures 27 of the links with a neighborhood size of 13."
3154184462,"Accessing Hyperdocuments Through Interactive Dynamic Maps","Zizi & Beaudouin-Lafon",2,1,26,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192786","Mountaz Zizi, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon","Mountaz Zizi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192786","information retrieval, interaction paradigm, maps, navigation, visualization","false","We propose a new navigation paradigm based on a spatial metaphor to help users access and navigate within large sets of documents. This metaphor is implemented by a computer artifact called an Interactive Dynamic Map (IDM). An IDM plays a role similar to the role of a real map with respect to physical space. Two types of IDMs are computed from the documents: Topic IDMs represent the semantic contents of a set of documents while Document IDMs visualize a subset of documents such as those resulting from a query. IDMs can be used for navigating, browsing, and querying. They can be made active, they can be customized and they can be shared among users. The article presents the SHADOCS document retrieval system and describes the role, use and generation of IDMs in SHADOCS."
3154184463,"Interactive Clustering for Navigating in Hypermedia Systems","Mukherjea, Foley & Hudson",5,2,13,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192787","Sougata Mukherjea, James D. Foley, Scott E. Hudson","Sougata Mukherjea","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192787","Information Visualization, Navigation, Overview Clustering","false","This paper talks about clustering related nodes of an overview diagram to reduce its complexity and size. This is because although overview diagrams are useful for helping the user to navigate in a hypermedia system, for any real-world system these become too complicated and large to be really useful. Both structure-based and content-based clustering are used. Since the nodes can be related to each other in different ways, depending on the situation different clustered views will be useful. Hence, it should be possible to interactively specify the clustering conditions and examine the resulting views. We present efficient clustering algorithms which can cluster the information space in real-time. We talk about the Navigational View Builder, a tool that allows the interactive development of overview diagrams. Finally, we propose a 3-dimensional approach for visualizing these abstracted views."
3154184464,"Frame-axis Model for Automatic Information Organizing and Spatial Navigation","Masuda, Ishitobi & Ueda",27,1,41,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192789","Yoshihiro Masuda, Yasuhiro Ishitobi, Manabu Ueda","Yoshihiro Masuda","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192789","automatic text, browsing, data model, visualization","false","In taxonomic reasoning tasks, such as scientific research or decision making, people gain insight and find new ideas through analysis of large numbers of factual data or material documents, which are generally disorganized and unstructured. Hypermedia technology provides effective means of organizing and browsing information with such nature. However, for large amounts of information, the conventional node-link model makes linking or browsing operations be complicated because their relationship have to be represented as binary relations. In this paper, we propose a hypermedia data model call Frame-Axis Model, which represents relationship between information as N-ary relations on mapped space. Also, the automatic information organizing mechanism which is based on this data model and the browsing interface HyperCharts which employ spatial layout are provided. Finally, we show some browsing examples on our working prototype system, CastingNet."
3154184465,"Backtracking in a Multiple-window Hypertext Environment","Bieber & Wan",8,5,24,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192792","Michael Bieber, Jiangling Wan","Michael Bieber","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192792","history log, hypermedia backtracking, hypertext, multiple pane, session log, window","false","Multi-window interfaces allow users to work on logically independent taks simultaneously in different sets of windows and to move among these logical tasks at will (e.g., through selecting a window in a different task). Hypertext backtracking should be able to treat each logical task separately. Combining all traversals in a single chronological history log would violate the user’s mental model and cause disorientation. In this paper we introduce task-based backtracking, a technique for backtracking within the various logical tasks a user may be working on at any given time. We present a preliminary algorithm for its implementation. We also discuss several ramifications of multi-window backtracking including the types of events history logs must record, deleting nodes from history logs that appear in multiple logical tasks, and in general the choices hypermedia designers face in multi-window environments."
3154184466,"An Interaction Engine for Rich Hypertexts","Østerbye & Nørmark",6,5,25,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192795","Kasper Østerbye, Kurt Nørmark","Kasper Østerbye","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192795","aggregated views, event control, interaction engine, program development, tailorability","false","In semantically rich hypertexts it is attractive to enable presentation of a network of nodes and link at different levels of abstraction. It is also important that the user can interact with the hypertext using a command repertoire that reflects the chosen abstraction level. Based on a characterization of rich hypertext we introduce the concept of an interaction engine that governs the separation between internal hypertext representation and external screen presentation. This separation is the key principle of the HyperPro system. The HyperPro interaction engine is based on simple rules for presentation, interpretation of events, and menu set up. Much of the power of the interaction engine framework comes from the organization of these rules relative to the type of hierarchy of nodes and links, and relative to a hierarchy of so-called interaction schemes. The primary application domain discussed in the paper is program development and program documentation."
3154184467,"The Hypermedia Authoring Research Toolkit (HART)","Robertson, Merkus & Ginige",2,3,18,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192796","John Robertson, Erik Merkus, Athula Ginige","John Robertson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192796","Hypermedia, Hypertext, Media-to-Hypermedia authoring","false","A major obstacle hindering the advancement and commercial acceptance of hypermedia is the cost of converting paper based information into hypermedia form. The Hypermedia Authoring Research Toolkit (HART) was developed to support the human editor during this media-to-hypermedia conversion process. The tool’s goal is to help improve the correctness and completeness of the hypermedia database, as well as reduce the media-to-hypermedia conversion cost. We believe it is not possible to properly convert media to hypermedia without the participation of a human editor during the transformation. It is therefore necessary to develop tools to assist the human during this process. By reducing the overhead associated with the physical management of the hyper-database construction, the subject specialist is better able to concentrate on the information content. Support is provided in two basic ways:By providing procedural guidance. From our experience constructing hypermedia systems we have developeds an efficient process for this media-to-hypermedia transformation. By providing intelligent assistance. At each phase in the transformation the system can suggest likely nodes, key phrases, index values, anchors, and links to the editor. The project’s research focus is to identify the most effective methodologies to assist the human editor transform linear text, images and video into hypermedia structure."
3154184468,"Querying Structured Documents with Hypertext Links Using OODBMS","Christophides & Rizk",10,4,29,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192799","V. Christophides, A. Rizk","V. Christophides","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192799","hypertext, information retrieval, object oriented databases, path expressions, query languages, structured documents","false","Hierarchical logical structure and hypertext links are complementary and can be combined to build more powerful document management systems. Previous work exploits this complementarity for building better document processors, browsers and editing tools, but not for building sophisticated querying mechanisms. Querying in hypertext has been a requirement since [19] and has already been elaborated in many hypertext systems, but has not yet been used for hypertext systems superimposed on an underlying hierarchical logical structure. In this paper we use the model and the SQL-like query language of [10] in order to manage structured documents with hypertext links. The model represents a structured documents with hypertext links. The model represents a structured document with typed links as a complex object, and uses paths through the document structure, as first class citizens in formulating queries. Several examples of queries illustrate, from a practical point of view, the expressive power of the language to retrieve documents, even without exact knowledge of their structure in a simple and homogeneous fashion. It must be stressed that the proposed model and language implement the equivalent HyTime Location Address Module. In fact, the language is more powerful than the corresponding HyQ query facilities. The implementation and the description throughout the paper use the SGML standard to represent the document structure and the object-oriented DBMS O2 to implement the query language and the storage module."
3154184469,"Querying Typed Hypertexts in Multicard/O2","Amann, Scholl & Rizk",8,3,30,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192831","Bernd Amann, Michel Scholl, Antoine Rizk","Bernd Amann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192831","browsing, hypertext querying, hypertext schema, visual interface","false","Due to the growing complexity of modern hypertext applications, current hypertext systems require new mechanisms to support authoring and user navigation through large sets of documents connected by links. A general solution is to extent hypertext systems to cater for semantics of application domains. This requires new hypertext models providing strongly typed documents and links. Such models have been proposed and put to use in systems such as HDM and MacWeb to facilitate authoring of large hypertexts. In addition, Gram and MORE use typing and graph-based hypertext schemas for querying hyperdocuments. In this paper, we will show how query languages could be further exploited for designing sophisticated general query-based navigation mechanisms. We illustrate our examples using the Gram model and describe an implementation with the hypermedia system Multicard connected to the object-oriented database management system O2."
3154184470,"Where No Mind Has Gone Before: Ontological Design for Virtual Spaces","Kaplan & Moulthrop",19,4,35,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192832","Nancy Kaplan, Stuart Moulthrop","Nancy Kaplan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192832","Spatial hypertext, information mapping, interface design, navigation","true","Hypermedia designers have tried to move beyond the directed graph concept, which defines hypermedia structures as aggregations of nodes and links. A substantial body of work attempts to describe hypertexts in terms of extended or global spaces. According to this approach, nodes and links acquire meaning in relation to the space in which they are deployed. Some theory of space thus becomes essential for any advance in hypermedia design; but the type of space implied by electronic information systems, from hyperdocuments to “consensual hallucinations,” requires careful analysis. Familiar metaphors drawn from physics, architecture, and everyday experience have only limited descriptive or explanatory value for this type of space. As theorists of virtual reality point out, new information systems demand an internal rather than an external perspective. This shift demands a more sophisticated approach to hypermedia space, one that accounts both for stable design properties (architectonic space) and for unforseen outcomes, or what Winograd and Flores call “breakdowns.” Following Wexelblat in cyberspace theory and Dillon, McKnight, and Richardson in hypermedia theory, we call the domain of these outcomes semantic space. In two thought experiments, or brief exercises in interface design, we attempt to reconcile these divergent notions of space within the conceptual system of hypermedia."
3154184477,"Aesthetic and Rhetorical Aspects of Linking Video in Hypermedia","Liestøl",1,8,9,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.286994","Gunnar Liestøl","Gunnar Liestøl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.286994","Aesthetic, digital video, media integration, rhetoric","false","This paper reports on the development of a hypermedia environment for public access in a museum. It discusses problems encountered when making video interactive and multilineal and when linking video and text in the creation of the system. Through the exchange of properties between print and video, media approaches to linking and continuity are presented. Visual examples are used to illustrate this and related to the need to further develop aesthetic and rhetorical aspects of linking video in hypermedia."
3154184478,"Technical Briefing: Music in Time-based Hypermedia","Ossenbruggen & Eliëns",1,1,11,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.376055","Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Anton Eliëns","Jacco van Ossenbruggen","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.376055","","false","The paper describes the extension of a hypermedia class library with music as a new component type, but will focus on the development of a software wrapper object as an application programmers interface to the Csound software sound synthesis program. This wrapper provides the flexible, interactive and object oriented interface needed by a hypermedia system. Additionally, some consequences of the fundarnendal difference between static and time-based media will be discussed."
3154184471,"An Editor's Workbench for an Art History Reference Work","Rostek & Möhr",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192835","Lothar Rostek, Wiebke Möhr","Lothar Rostek","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192835","","false","The architecture and some of the realized functionality of a prototype Editor’s Workbench that supports the creation and maintenance of an object-oriented publisher’s knowledge base is presented. The knowledge base is the repository not only for the actual publication content, but for all the information needed to manage and control the publication process. The concrete application context is an art history reference work. We discuss content acquisition and data modelling aspects of the underlying object network."
3154184472,"Representation and Manipulation of Conceptual, Temporal and Geographical Knowledge in a Museum Hypermedia System","Taylor, Tudhope & Beynon-Davies",4,1,12,"Proceedings of the 1994 ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology","","ECHT94","1994","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192757.192836","Carl Taylor, Douglas Tudhope, Paul Beynon-Davies","Carl Taylor","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192757.192836","","false","This paper discusses a semantic database approach to museum hypermedia systems based upon binary relations, with a restricted set of abstraction relationships. We describe examples of schema, queries and naviagaion aids for a prototype system designed as a social history museum exhibit, with around one hundred historical photographs. Media items are classified according to conceptual, temporal and geographical schema which attempt to model the changing nature of geography over time. The application yields a sparse information space with densely populated clusters. Implementations of notions of semantic closeness, term generalisation, best fit solutions, media density and media similarity show potential to assist the exploration of such information spaces."
3154184481,"HyperCafe: Narrative and Aesthetic Properties of Hypervideo","Sawhney, Balcom & Smith",9,20,32,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234829","Nitin Sawhney, David Balcom, Ian Smith","Nitin Sawhney","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234829","Aesthetics, digital video, multi-threaded navigation, temporal links","false","HyperCafe is an experimental hypermedia prototype, developed as an illustration of a general hypervideo system. This program places the user in a virtual cafe, composed primarily of digital video clips of actors involved in fictional conversations in the cafe; HyperCafe allows the user to follow different conversations, and offers dynamic opportunities of interaction via temporal, spatio-temporal and textual links to present alternative narratives. Textual elements are also present in the form of explanatory text, contradictory subtitles, and intruding narratives. Based on our work with HyperCafe, we discuss the components and a framework for hypervideo structures, along with the underlying aesthetic considerations."
3154184482,"Content-oriented Integration in Hypermedia Systems","Hirata et al.",5,6,15,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234830","Kyoji Hirata, Yoshinori Hara, Hajime Takano, Shigehito Kawasaki","Kyoji Hirata","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234830","Conceptual-based Navigation, Content-based Retrieval, Content-oriented Integration, Matching Engine, Media Augmenter, Media-based Navigation, Moving Hot-spots, Recognition Engine","false","In this paper, we present the concept and the general framework of a new integration model for hypermedia systems, the content-oriented integration. Content-oriented integration provides an integrated navigational environment that consists of both conceptual-based navigation and media-based navigation. For the conceptual-based navigation, each media representation is translated into a conceptual representation with the help of media recognition techniques and media understanding techniques. The media representation derives its own semantics by connecting the media-independent part to the conceptual representation such as an object name, keywords, etc. Media-based navigation supports media-dependent information difficult to translate into the conceptual representation. Conceptual-based navigation and media-based navigation enrich navigational capabilities in complementary fashion.
We also describe our content-oriented integrated hypermedia system “Himotoki”. It provides a wide variety of navigational tools such as visual content-based navigation, moving hot-spot navigation and schema navigation. Each media translation is modularized as the corresponding media augmenter so that it can flexibly adapt to a distributed environment. Applications such as “Electronic Aquatic Life” and “Hypermedia Museum” demonstrate the usefulness of these navigational tools."
3154184483,"The Structure of Hypertext Activity","Rosenberg",15,22,37,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234831","Jim Rosenberg","Jim Rosenberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234831","acteme, contour, emergent structure, episode, gathering, hypertext, rhetoric, session","false","A framework for discussion of hypertext activity is introntroduced using the terms acteme, episode, and session. Acteme is a low-level unit such as link-following; episode is a collection of actemes that cohere in the reader’s mind, session is the entirety of contiguous activity. Well known issues in hypertext rhetoric are recast in this framework and generalized to all varieties of acteme. We consider whether the episode is a virtual document, user interface issues pertaining to the episode, multi-episode structure, concurrency issues, and reader-as-writer activity, with a frequent emphasis on hypertext gathering."
3154184484,"Practical Methods for Automatically Generating Typed Links","Cleary & Bareiss",5,7,18,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234832","Chip Cleary, Ray Bareiss","Chip Cleary","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234832","Automated linking, structured hypermedia system, typed links","false","Our research concerns how to construct knowledge-rich hypermedia systems for use as aids to problem-solving. One of the most difficult steps in building such systems is constructing a fertile set of hypermedia links between the nodes they contain (i.e., text segments, graphics, and video clips). This paper describes the progress we have made in formalizing and automating the process of creating typed links, that is links that not only join nodes, but also label the relationship between them. We present four different methods we have developed for automated linking, each of which uses a different scheme for representing nodes, and we evaluate each method by the criteria of recall, precision, thoroughness, and ease of use. Two of these methods, designed for two different user populations, are being incorporated into the ASKTool, a hypermedia editor currently in use at the Institute for the Learning Sciences."
3154184485,"Automatic Hypertext Link Typing","Allan",5,9,19,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234833","James Allan","James Allan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234833","Information retrieval, Link generation, Link types","false","We present entirely automatic methods for gathering documents for a hypertext, linking the set, and annotating those connections with a description of the type (i. e., nature) of the link. Document linking is based upon high-quality information retrieval techniques developed using the Smart system. We apply an approach inspired by relationship visualization techniques and by graph simplification, to show how to identify automatically y tangential, revision, summary, expansion, comparison, contrast, equivalence, and aggregate links."
3154184486,"Automatic Text Decomposition Using Text Segments and Text Themes","Salton et al.",2,2,16,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234834","Gerard Salton, Amit Singhal, Chris Buckley, Mandar Mitra","Gerard Salton","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234834","Text structuring, information retrieval, passage retrieval, segments, text decomposition, text summarization, themes","false","With the widespread use of full-text information retrieval, passage-retrieval techniques are becoming increasingly popular. Larger texts can then be replaced by important text excerpts, thereby simplifying the retrieval task and improving retrieval effectiveness. Passage-level evidence about the use of words in local contexts is also useful for resolving language ambiguities and improving retrieval output.
Two main text decomposition strategies are introduced in this study, including a chronological decomposition into text segments, and semantic decomposition into text themes. The interaction between text segments and text themes is then used to characterize text structure, and to formulate specifications for information retrieval, text traversal, and text summarization."
3154184487,"Ut Pictura Hyperpoesis: Spatial Form, Visuality, and the Digital Word","Tolva",0,7,18,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234835","John Tolva","John Tolva","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234835","World Wide Web, ekphrasis, flatland, hypertext, mola, spatial form, visual","false","This essay discusses the visual characteristics of hypertext (space, contour, depth) by situating it, as an artistic form, in the literary traditions that it extends and modifies. While, from a literary perspective, hypertextuality is nothing new, what is revolutionary is the way that computerized hypertext emulates the spatial and visual qualities that literary texts have historically struggled to effect. To illustrate the concept of spatial form I have chosen to analyze the mola web, a hypertext which is unique, though not abnormal, in the extremity of its link structure. One needs only think of the ubiquitous metaphor of the labyrinth in hypertext criticism [5] or of the recent attention given to spatial user interfaces [17] to see how dependent is the idea of hypertext on a spatial form."
3154184488,"Hypertextual Dynamics in a Life Set for Two","Kendall",10,2,38,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234836","Robert Kendall","Robert Kendall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234836","Poetry, dynamic links, embedded variables, floating links, global states, reading templates, variable nodes","false","In most hypertexts the contents of nodes and positions of links are fixed. Making these elements dynamic can help writers solve structural problems and help prevent navigational dilemmas for readers. The hypertext poem A Life Set for Two demonstrates several techniques for doing this. Floating links are positioned dynamically in response to the reader’s progress. Variable nodes change their texts according to factors such as their context within the current reading. The texts of individual nodes are also influenced by global states—settings that can be changed manually by the reader or automatically by the program."
3154184489,"Hypertext with Consequences: Recovering a Politics of Hypertext","Greco",1,3,33,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234837","Diane Greco","Diane Greco","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234837","authorship, copyright, cyborgs, hypertext, literary theory, postmodernism, rhetoric, technology and society","false","This paper aims to situate the practice of creating hypertext and hypertext authoring systems within a larger political framework. Although hypertext design and use has always been both political and about human bodies, hypertext theorists have generally failed to explore the political dimensions of this lineage. The paper concludes with a discussion of recent work which bears on non-technological issues such as collaborative authoring, genre status of hypertext (fiction or non-fiction) and reproduction of proprietary materials."
3154184490,"Information Reuse in Hypermedia Applications","Garzotto, Mainetti & Paolini",1,4,22,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234838","Franca Garzotto, Luca Mainetti, Paolo Paolini","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234838","authoring, evaluation, hypermedia, models, reuse, usability","false","Reuse — broadly defined as the use of existing information objects or software artifacts in different contexts and for different purposes — is a technology for improving productivity, reducing the production effort and cost, and increasing the quality of end applications (promoting consistency and therefore improving usability). Reuse is a crucial issue in hypermedia applications. Reuse may be applied to items of different sizes and different complexity (from an elementary value to a large structured portion of the application). It may involve several aspects of the hypermedia application (content, organisation, presentation and connections). It can be implemented with different techniques, by creating a new copy of an item, or by sharing the same item in two (or more) different contexts.
In this paper we analyse hypermedia reuse under these different viewpoints, discuss a classification of different types of reuse, and present a few examples from commercial and prototype hypermedia titles. From the analysis of these case studies we derive technical hints, recommendations and pitfalls-to-avoid, that would help hypermedia authors handle reuse in the most effective way possible. We also suggest reuse techniques that can be incorporated in future authoring systems."
3154184491,"Evaluating HyTime: An Examination and Implementation Experience","Buford",1,0,27,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234839","John F. Buford","John F. Buford","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234839","HyTime, hypermedia models, hypermedia standards","false","HyTime defines an extensive meta-language for hypermedia documents, including general representations for links and anchors, a framework for positioning and projecting arbitrary objects in time and space, and a structured document query language. We propose a set of criteria for evaluating the HyTime model. We then review the model with respect to these criteria and describe our implementation experience. Our review indicates both the benefits and limitations of HyTime. These results are relevant to systems and applications designers who are considering HyTime, and also to possible future revisions of the standard."
3154184492,"Systematic Hypermedia Application Design with OOHDM","Schwabe, Rossi & Barbosa",6,12,32,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234840","Daniel Schwabe, Gustavo Rossi, Simone D. J. Barbosa","Daniel Schwabe","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234840","Hypermedia Design, Interfaces, Methodology, Modeling, Navigation, Object Orientation","false","In this paper we analyze the process of hypermedia applications design and implementation, focusing in particular on two critical aspects of these applications: the navigational and interface structure.
We discuss the way in which we build the navigation and abstract interface models using the Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method (OOHDM); we show which concerns must be taken into account for each task by giving examples from a real project we are developing, the Portinari Project. We show which implementation concerns must be considered when defining interface behavior, discussing both a Toolbook and a HTML implementation of the example application."
3154184493,"The Flag Taxonomy of Open Hypermedia Systems","Østerbye & Wiil",10,18,27,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234841","Kasper Østerbye, Uffe Kock Wiil","Kasper Østerbye","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234841","Dexter model, Open hypermedia systems, integration, link protocol, taxonomy, third-party viewers","false","This paper presents a taxonomy for open hypermedia systems. The purpose of the Flag taxonomy is manifold: (1) to provide a framework to classify and concisely describe individual systems, (2) to characterize what an open hypermedia system is, (3) to provide a framework for comparing different systems in a system independent way, and (4) to provide an overview of the design space of open hypermedia systems.
The Flag taxonomy builds on the achievements of the Dexter model. It extends the terminology of the Dexter model to adequately cover issues that relate to open hypermedia systems such as integration and use of third-party applications to edit and display hypermedia components.
Two of the most prominent open hypermedia systems, DeVise Hypermedia and Microcosm, are used as case studies. The Flag taxonomy is used to compare these systems on a carefully selected set of aspects that distinguish open hypermedia systems from other hypermedia systems."
3154184494,"The HyperDisco Approach to Open Hypermedia Systems","Wiil & Leggett",0,21,0,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234842","Uffe Kock Wiil, John J. Leggett","Uffe Kock Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234842","Open hypermedia systems, collaborative work, computation, data models, distribution, extensibility, heterogeneity, hyperbase management systems, hypermedia platforms, integration, inter-tool linking, interoperability, link services, openness, scalability, system architectures","false","Computing support for large engineering enterprises provides an example of the need for hypermedia-based collaborative computing systems composed of a large number of distributed heterogeneous tools. These computing environments place complex requirements on the underlying hypermedia platform. To support integration of independently written tools for these environments, hypermedia platforms must address several important issues such aa scalability, openness, distribution, heterogeneity, interoperability, extensibility and computation.
This paper describes the HyperDisco approach to open hypermedia systems. HyperDisco provides an extensible object-oriented hypermedia platform supporting intertool linking, computation, concurrency control, notification control, version control, access control, query and search, and various other features. The present work has two main objectives: 1) to provide a platform to integrate existing and future distributed heterogeneous tools and data formats and 2) to provide a platform to extend integrated tools to handle multiple collaborating users and multiple versions of shared artifacts. The paper presents important dimensions of hypermedia platforms that helped to formulate the goals for HyperDisco, the HyperDisco prototype, and two integration examples to illustrate the distinctive features of the HyperDisco approach.
[no references]"
3154184495,"Toward a Dexter-based Model for Open Hypermedia: Unifying Embedded References and Link Objects","Grønbæk & Trigg",7,15,22,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234843","Kaj Grønbæk, Randall H. Trigg","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234843","Dexter hypertext reference model, dynamic hypermedia, embedded links, generic links, link objects, open hypermedia","false","Computing support for large engineering enterprises provides an example of the need for hypermedia-based collaborative computing systems composed of a large number of distributed heterogeneous tools. These computing environments place complex requirements on the underlying hypermedia platform. To support integration of independently written tools for these environments, hypermedia platforms must address several important issues such aa scalability y, openness, distribution, heterogeneity, interoperability, extensibility and computation.
This paper describes the HyperDisco approach to open hypermedia systems. HyperDisco provides an extensible object-oriented hypermedia platform supporting inter-tool linking, computation, concurrency control, notification control, version control, access control, query and search, and various other features. The present work has two main objectives: 1) to provide a platform to integrate existing and future distributed heterogeneous tools and data formats and 2) to provide a platform to extend integrated tools to handle multiple collaborating users and multiple versions of shared artifacts. The paper presents important dimensions of hypermedia platforms that helped to formulate the goals for HyperDisco, the HyperDisco prototype, and two integration examples to illustrate the distinctive features"
3154184496,"A Study of Navigational Support Provided by Two World Wide Web Browsing Applications","Jones & Cockburn",0,1,11,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234844","Steve Jones, Andy Cockburn","Steve Jones","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234844","World Wide Web, hypermedia, usability","false","This paper describes a usability study of the Hypertext navigation facilities provided by two popular World Wide Web client applications (also termed ‘browsers’). We detail the navigation tools provided by the clients and describe their underlying page retrieval models.
We introduce a notation that represents the system states resulting from the user’s navigation actions in World Wide Web subspaces. The notation is used to analyse the client applications. We find that the client user interfaces present a model of navigation that conflicts with the underlying stack-based system model.
A small usability study was carried out to investigate the effects of the clients’ browser behaviour on users. The study reveals that users have incorrect models of their navigation support, and they have little confidence in the application of their models when using the clients.
The paper concludes with a description of future work and a discussion of implications for WWW page and client designers."
3154184497,"Browsing the WWW by Interacting with a Textual Virtual Environment—a Framework for Experimenting with Navigational Metaphors","Dieberger",4,1,23,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234845","Andreas Dieberger","Andreas Dieberger","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234845","WWW, collaborative navigation, metaphors, navigation, spatial hypertext","false","This paper describes a system that combines a textual virtual environment (MOO — MUD Object Oriented) and a WWW browser. The MOO provides a text-only but information-rich spatial user interface in which objects and locations can be associated with pointers to WWW pages. When using a specialized MOO client, navigation in the MOO causes the corresponding Web pages to be loaded. The overall effect is the possibility to navigate the Web using spatial navigational metaphors. Textual virtual environments support the creation of diverse navigation tools and metaphors. The Juggler-system we describe can thus serve as an experimental tool to explore diverse navigational metaphors for the WWW. The system uses references to Web pages which can be arranged in any possible way and allows users to overlay a new secondary structure on existing Web structures, even using Web pages not on one’s own Web server. Textual virtual environments further support almost real time communication and interaction between several users. Because of the extensive interaction possibilities, the Juggler system can be used to discuss material on the Web, conduct guided tours through the Web or give presentations using material available on the Web."
3154184498,"HyPursuit: A Hierarchical Network Search Engine That Exploits Content-link Hypertext Clustering","Weiss, Vélez & Sheldon",2,8,22,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234846","Ron Weiss, Bienvenido Vélez, Mark A. Sheldon","Ron Weiss","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234846","Hyperlink Structures, Hypertext Clustering, Network Resource Discovery","false","HyPursuit is a new hierarchical network search engine that clusters hypertext documents to structure a given information space for browsing and search activities. Our content-link clustering algorithm is based on the semantic information embedded in hyperlink structures and document contents. HyPursuit admits multiple, coexisting cluster hierarchies based on different principles for grouping documents, such as the Library of Congress catalog scheme and automatically created hypertext clusters.
HyPursuit’s abstraction functions summarize cluster contents to support scalable query processing. The abstraction functions satisfy system resource limitations with controlled information 10SS. The result of query processing operations on a cluster summary approximates the result of performing the operations on the entire information space. We constructed a prototype system comprising 100 leaf World-Wide Web sites and a hierarchy of 42 servers that route queries to the leaf sites. Experience with our system suggests that abstraction functions based on hypertext clustering can be used to construct meaningful and scalable cluster hierarchies. We are also encouraged by preliminary results on clustering based on both document contents and hyperlink structures."
3154184499,"Hypermedia Operating Systems: A New Paradigm for Computing","Nürnberg et al.",7,18,30,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234847","Peter J. Nürnberg, John J. Leggett, Erich R. Schneider, John L. Schnase","Peter J. Nürnberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234847","hyperbases, hypermedia applications, link services, open hypermedia systems, operating systems, system architectures","false","Hypermedia is often viewed as either a paradigm for human-computer interaction or information organization. Human-computer interaction provides a view of hypermedia that involves the creation, manipulation, and access of information through a “point-and-click” navigation mechanism. Information organization provides a view of hypermedia that involves the storage of information as a set of data and metadata objects, where metadata objects capture structural relationships among information objects. This paper describes a third view of hypermedia — hypermedia as a computing paradigm. In this paper, we explore the implications of pushing hypermedia beyond its traditional role in human-computer interaction and information organization into the computer’s core operating environment. We believe the resulting hypermedia operating systems provide a new paradigm for computing — one in which human-computer interaction, information storage and retrieval, programming, and control are integrated in a common conceptual framework. We discuss the basic concepts of hypermedia operating systems and describe a general hypermedia operating system architecture and prototype. While this work represents only a beginning, we feel that viewing hypermedia as a computing paradigm offers a broad new field of research."
3154184500,"HyperStorM: An Extensible Object-oriented Hypermedia Engine","Bapat et al.",7,4,32,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234848","Ajit Bapat, Jürgen Wäsch, Karl Aberer, Jörg M. Haake","Ajit Bapat","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234848","Hypermedia engine, database management system support for hypermedia applications, open extensible hypermedia systems","false","It is a well-known problem that developers of hypermedia applications need assistance for modeling and maintaining application-specific hypermedia structures. In the past, various hypermedia engines have been proposed to support these tasks. Until now, hypermedia engines either provided a fixed hypermedia data model and left extensions to the hypermedia application or they left the modeling of the hypermedia data completely to the application developer and only provided storage functionality which had to be plugged into the data model by the application developer. As an alternative, we propose an extensible object-oriented hypermedia engine which supports the specification of application semantics as application classes within the hypermedia engine, thereby supporting complex operations maintaining application-specific as well as application-independent constraints.
In the HyperStorM hypermedia engine, the storage layer and the application layer of a hypermedia system are implemented within the object-oriented database management system VODAK. Only the presentation layer is kept outside the 00DBMS. This approach facilitates both the reuse of database functionality as well as the flexibility necessary to support the efficient development of different kinds of hypermedia applications. First evaluations show that our approach presents a much more powerful hypermedia engine than previous approaches, thus giving a new quality to hypermedia application development."
3154184501,"Media-based Navigation with Generic Links","Lewis et al.",4,5,15,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234849","Paul H. Lewis, Hugh C. Davis, Steve R. Griffiths, Wendy Hall, Rob J. Wilkins","Paul H. Lewis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234849","Content Based Navigation, Information Retrieval, Open Hypermedia","false","Microcosm is an open architecture hypermedia system in which documents remain in their native format and link information is held in separate link databases. This has facilitated the introduction of generic links which, once authored from a text string to a destination anchor, may be followed from any occurrence of the text string in any document. The generic link provides substantial reductions in authoring effort for large hypermedia systems, but the limitation of the generic link to text string source anchors needed to be addressed.
This paper describes extensions to the Microcosm architecture to create MAVIS, Microcosm Architecture for Video, Image and Sound, in which generic links maybe used from both text and non-text media. ‘This development makes it possible to navigate through non-text media using content as the key and, through the facilities of the dynamic link, content based retrieval is also available. Examples of content based navigation with image, video and sound are presented."
3154184502,"VerSE: Towards Hypertext Versioning Styles","Haake & Hicks",6,12,30,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234850","Anja Haake, David Hicks","Anja Haake","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234850","task-based versioning, version support environment, version support/control, versioning styles/policies","false","Much of the previous work on version support for hypertext has focused primarily on the development of functionality for specific hypertext systems and/or a specific hypertext application domain. Although these models address crucial version support problems in specific hypertext application domains, they cannot be easily adapted and then integrated into other hypertext applications.
Hypertext version support environments have been introduced to help alleviate these problems. They are designed to meet the version support needs of a wide range of hypertext applications. However, so far few high level versioning facilities have been constructed in these environments, creating a gap between the facilities provided directly within the environment and the versioning needs of some applications.
The intent of this research is to bridge this gap. It turned out that task-based versioning styles are easy to use by both hypertext application developers and hypertext application users, As shown in previous work, task-based versioning helps to alleviate cognitive overhead and disorientation problems for users. In addition, it requires little investment from the point of view of application development, since task-based versioning does not necessarily require an application to incorporate an extra notion for individual versions. This paper presents a set of task-based hypertext versioning styles that are offered in the VerSE flexible version support environment and shows the direction towards the design of additional versioning styles."
3154184503,"Logic Programming with the World-Wide Web","Loke & Davison",1,0,24,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234851","Seng Wai Loke, Andrew Davison","Seng Wai Loke","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234851","Common Client Interface, Mosaic, Prolog, World-Wide Web, mobile code, structured logic programming","false","We introduce Logic Web, an integration of structured logic programming and the World-Wide Web. We show how LogicWeb enables programmable behaviour and state to be incorporated into Web pages, allowing them to be viewed as modules or objects with state. LogicWeb renders a Web page as a live information entity, able to determine its own response to user queries, and modify the behaviour of hyperlinks. This amalgamation of logic and the Web makes it possible to reason with Web pages, state relationships between pages, and dynamically generate pages. A prototype system is described, which extends Mosaic with LogicWeb capabilities using the Common Client Interface. In addition, we outline a client-based search tool written with LogicWeb and compare it with an existing package."
3154184504,"Experiences in Developing Collaborative Applications Using the World Wide Web “Shell”","Girgensohn, Lee & Schueter",1,0,20,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234852","Andreas Girgensohn, Alison Lee, Kevin Schueter","Andreas Girgensohn","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234852","Design Intent, HTTP server and clients, Portholes, World Wide Web, awareness and familiarization, collaborative application, community of users, forms and scripts, rapid prototyping, work groups","false","The components of the World Wide Web, which we call the World Wide Web Shell, provide a framework for collaborative application development in much the same way as an expert system shell does for expert system development. This development is quick enough to support rapid prototyping. Once the collaborative application is developed, the WWW Shell facilitates the distribution of the application and its data to geographically-separated users on diverse computing platforms. We have developed and deployed two collaborative applications, Design Intent and NYNEX Portholes, using the WWW Shell. These applications are described and our experiences developing them with the WWW Shell are detailed. In the process of developing these applications we discovered limitations of the WWW Shell which we present, along with suggested modifications and extensions to address them."
3154184508,"Things Change: Deal with It! Versioning, Cooperative Editing and Hypertext","Cellary et al.",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext","Docuverse Takes Form","HYPERTEXT '96","1996","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/234828.234856","Wojciech Cellary, David Durand, Anja Haake, David Hicks, Fabio Vitali, James Whitehead","Wojciech Cellary","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/234828.234856","","false","A document that is in active use is generally one that is changing. Version control provides one way to control the disruptive effects of change without the worse solution of preventing or obstructing it. This panel will examine the relevance and problems of version control, with an emphasis on the topic of collaboration support. Despite ha long history in the hypertext community (usually as something to be added in tie future), the topics of shared editing and revision control remain complex, controversial and frequently misunderstood. Now that a really large public hypertext has come into existence, the issues of long-term maintenance and referential integrity are coming to the fore. The panel will give an overview of the fundamental issues, as well as a selection of arguments for and against different approaches to the issues. It builds on the perspective the presenters have gained from their own research, as well as their workshops on Hypertext and version control at ECHT ’94 and ECSCW ’95.
[no references]"
3154184513,"An Architectural Model for Application Integration in Open Hypermedia Environments","Whitehead",11,8,21,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267438","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267438","Open hypermedia systems, integration, software architecture, third-party applications","false","This paper provides an architectural framework for modeling third-party application integrations with open hypermedia systems, which collects and extends the integration experience of the open hypermedia community. The framework is used to characterize applications prior to integration, and describe the qualities of a complete integration. Elements of the architectural model are artists, which are used to manipulate anchors, links, and native application objects; communicators, which manage information flow to and from the open hypermedia system; and containers which group the other elements. Prior integration experience is collected in a standard way using the model, Guidance in selecting the final integration architecture is provided by this prior integration experience, in conjunction with the degree of difficulty of an integration, which is related to the integration architecture."
3154184514,"Workspaces: The HyperDisco Approach to Internet Distribution","Wiil & Leggett",16,12,43,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267439","Uffe Kock Wiil, John J. Leggett","Uffe Kock Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267439","Distributed workspaces, Internet distribution, hypermedia infrastructure, hypermedia presentation, link replication, name service, open hypermedia system","false","Hypermedia concepts are currently being deployed in a variety of information systems such as the World Wide Web, software development environments, large engineering enterprises, collaborative authoring systems, and digital library systems. The complex requirements of these application areas have resulted in extensive research into hypermedia infrastructures.
The HyperDisco project is about design, development, deployment and assessment of hypermedia infrastructures. Previous HyperDisco experiments have dealt with integration of a small set of tools supporting authoring and extension of the integrated tools to support multiple collaborating users and multiple versions of shared files. These experiments were conducted on a local area network using a single centralized workspace. The latest version of Hyper-Disco supports collaboration and versioning over multiple workspaces distributed across the Internet. This paper gives a brief overview of HyperDisco, describes the workspace concept and reports on the latest experiments: (1) an experiment that allows the use of multiple workspaces on a local area network, (2) an experiment that allows workspaces to be distributed across the Internet, and (3) an experiment focusing on hypermedia modeling and presentation issues of distributed workspaces."
3154184516,"Scholarly Hypertext: Self-represented Complexity","Kolb",11,17,41,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267441","David Kolb","David Kolb","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267441","Hypertext rhetoric, argument, self-representation, typed links, typed nodes","true","Scholarly hypertext involve argument and explicit self-questioning, and can be distinguished from both informational and literary hypertext. After making these distinctions the essay presents general principles about attention, some suggestions for self-representational multi-level structures that would enhance scholarly inquiry, and a wish list of software capabilities to support such structures. The essay concludes with a discussion of possible conflicts between scholarly inquiry and hypertext."
3154184517,"Designing Model Hypermedia Applications","Garzotto, Mainetti & Paolini",2,0,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267442","Franca Garzotto, Luca Mainetti, Paolo Paolini","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267442","hypermedia application design, hypermedia models, modal interaction, usability","false","Different users of a hypermedia application may require different combinations of modes, i.e., different ways of perceiving the content or different ways of interaction. Multimodality—intended as the coexistence of multiple combinations of modes in the same application-can improve application richness and can accommodate the needs of different categories of users. On the other hand, multimodality increases complexity and may affect usability, since a variety of different interaction styles may be disorienting for the users. Designing an effective multimode hypermedia is a difficult problem. This paper discusses this issue, presenting a taxonomy of different kinds of modes in hypermedia applications and introducing the concept of modal hypermedia interaction. Modal interaction means that the semantics of normal application commands are dependent not only on the application state, as usual, but also on mode setting. We introduce a formal model for modal hypermedia interaction that helps us to analyse more precisely design alternatives and their impact on usability. We illustrate our approach by examples from a museum hypermedia called “Polyptych” that we actually built."
3154184518,"Initial Design and Evaluation of an Interface to Hypermedia Systems for Blind Users","Petrie et al.",2,2,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267443","Helen Petrie, Sarah Morley, Peter McNally, Anne-Marie O'Neill, Dennis Majoe","Helen Petrie","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267443","Blind users, usability evaluation, user interfaces for hypermedia, user testing","false","Access to information in electronic forms is currently difficult for blind people, but electronic information, particularly hypermedia, provide great potential to overcome the difficult ies that blind people have in accessing information. The E.U. funded ACCESS Project is developing tools to facilitate user interfaces which will be adaptable to the needs of different user groups. One demonstrator developed with these tools is a hypermedia system for blind students. This paper presents the initial designs for the hypermedia system which has a non-visual interface named DAHNI (Demonstrator of the ACCESS Hypermedia Non-visual Interface). DAHNI can be used with a variety of assistive input/output systems for blind users. Output from the system includes synthetic and digitised speech, non-speech sounds and refreshable Braille; input to the system can be via a small or large touchtablet, joystick, and/or conventional keyboard. This paper presents an evaluation of DAHNI by seven blind and partially sighted students. Plans for further development and evaluation of the system are also discussed."
3154184519,"Design Reuse in Hypermedia Applications Development","Rossi, Schwabe & Garrido",5,6,19,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267444","Gustavo Rossi, Daniel Schwabe, Alejandra Garrido","Gustavo Rossi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267444","Design Patterns, Hypermedia Design, Interface, Navigation, Pattern Languages","false","In this paper we discuss the use of design patterns for the process of building hypermedia applications. The idea of design patterns has been recently developed, and rapidly spread outside the object-oriented community to a general audience of software developers. By using patterns it is not only possible to document design experience with a very simple and comprehensible format, but also reuse the same experience several times for different applications. We argue that the hypermedia community will take a vital step towards better designs of hypermedia applications and systems by developing a pattern language for that domain."
3154184520,"What the Query Told the Link: The Integration of Hypertext and Information Retrieval","Golovchinsky",14,8,37,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267445","Gene Golovchinsky","Gene Golovchinsky","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267445","Dynamic hypertext, browsing, information exploration, information retrieval, newspaper metaphor, relevance feedback","false","Traditionally hypertext have been limited in size by the manual effort required to create hypertext links. In addition, large hyper-linked collections may overwhelm users with the range of possible links from any node, only a fraction of which may be appropriate for a given user at any time. This work explores automatic methods of link construction based on feedback from users collected during browsing. A full-text search engine mediates the linking process. Query terms that distinguish well among documents in the database become candidate anchors; links are mediated by passage-based relevance feedback queries. The newspaper metaphor is used to organize the retrieval results.
VOIR, a software prototype that implements these algorithms has been used to browse a 74,500 node (250MB) database of newspaper articles. An experiment has been conducted to test the relative effectiveness of dynamic links and user-specified queries. Experimental results suggest that link-mediated queries are more effective than user–specified queries in retrieving relevant information. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible extensions to the linking algorithms."
3154184521,"Object-based Navigation: An Intuitive Navigation Style for Content-oriented Integration Environment","Hirata et al.",4,1,15,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267446","Kyoji Hirata, Sougata Mukherjea, Wen-Syan Li, Yoshinori Hara, Yusaku Okamura","Kyoji Hirata","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267446","COIR, Content-oriented Integration, Object-based Navigation, Object-level Integration, Relationship among objects, World-Wide Web","false","In this paper, we present the idea of object-based navigation. Object-based navigation is a navigation style based upon the characteristics at the object level, that is contents of the objects and the relationship among the objects. With object-based navigation, users can specify a set of objects and their relationship. The system creates queries from the users’ input and determines links dynamically based on matching between this query and indices. Various kinds of attributes including conceptual and media-based characteristics are integrated at the object level. We introduced this navigation style into the content-oriented integration environment to manage a large quantity of multimedia data.
COIR (Content Oriented Information Retrieval tool), an object-based navigation tool for content-oriented integrated hypermedia systems is introduced. We show how this tool works in indexing and navigating multimedia data. Using COIR, we have developed the directory service systems for the World-Wide Web and have evaluated the navigational capability and extensibility of our tools. Multimedia search engines including COIR, extract the characteristics from multimedia data at any web site automatically. Extracted characteristics are connected with each other semi-automatically and utilized in the navigational stage. With this system, users can execute the navigation based on the relationship between objects as well as the contents of the objects. In this paper, we present how the COIR tool increases the navigational capabilities for hypermedia systems."
3154184522,"Query-based Navigation in Semantically Indexed Hypermedia","Cunliffe, Taylor & Tudhope",9,2,47,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267447","Daniel Cunliffe, Carl Taylor, Douglas Tudhope","Daniel Cunliffe","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267447","Hypermedia, cultural heritage, museums, query-based navigation, semantic closeness, semantic index space","false","This paper discusses an approach to navigation based on queries made possible by a semantic hypermedia architecture. Navigation via query offers an augmented browsing capacity based on measures of semantic closeness between terms in an index space that models the classification of artefacts within a museum collection management system. The paper discusses some of the possibilities that automatic traversal of relationships in the index space holds for hybrid query/navigation tools, such as navigation via similarity and query generalisation. The example scenario suggests that, although these tools are implemented by complex queries, they fit into a browsing, rather than an analytical style of access. Such hybrid navigation tools are capable of overcoming some of the limitations of manual browsing and contributing to a smooth transition between browsing and query. A prototype implementation of the architecture is described, along with details of a social history application with three dimensions of classification schema in the index space. The paper discusses how queries can be used as the basis for navigation, and argues that this is integral to current efforts to integrate hypermedia and information retrieval."
3154184523,"As We Should Have Thought","Nürnberg, Leggett & Schneider",13,20,21,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267448","Peter J. Nürnberg, John J. Leggett, Erich R. Schneider","Peter J. Nürnberg","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267448","hyperbases, hypermedia models, hypermedia operating systems, models of computation, open hypermedia systems, spatial hypertext, structural computing, taxonomic hypertext","false","The hypermedia field has long realized the need for first-class structural abstractions. However, we have failed to generalize the concept of ubiquitous structure management to problem domains other than navigation of information spaces. In this paper, we argue for the recognition of such a generalization, called structural computing, in which we assert the primacy of structure over data. We provide examples of four problem domains that are more naturally modeled with structure than data. We argue that support for structural computing must come in the form of new models, operating systems, and programming languages. We also assert that the experience gained by hypermedia researchers over the last decade may be naturally extended to form the basis of the new field of structural computing, and furthermore, the broadening of the applicability of our work is necessary for the continued vitality of our research community."
3154184524,"A Navigation-oriented Hypertext Model Based on Statecharts","Turine, de Oliveira & Masiero",5,0,22,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267449","Marcelo Augusto Santos Turine, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira, Paul Ceasr Masiero","Marcelo Augusto Santos Turine","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267449","Browsing Semantics, HMBS, Hierarchical Views, Hypertext Document Model, Statecharts","false","In this paper we present a navigation-oriented model for hyperdocument specification based on statecharts. The HMBS (Hypertext Model Based on Statecharts) model uses the structure and execution semantics of statecharts to specify both the structural organization and the browsing semantics of a hyperdocument. The formal definition of the model is presented, as well as its associated browsing semantics. A short discussion on the model’s capabilities is also provided. A prototype hypertext system which implements HMBS as its underlying model for hyperdocument authoring and browsing is introduced, and some examples are presented that illustrate the application of the model."
3154184525,"Supporting User-defined Activity Spaces","Wang & Haake",10,3,28,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267450","Weigang Wang, Jörg Haake","Weigang Wang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267450","activity space, hypertext model, intelligent system, object-oriented system, schema definition, schema integration, semantic net","false","Activity spaces are usually task-specific and only common to a group of people who work together in a certain application domain, It is desirable to enable users to define and modify activity spaces according to their needs. However, many users are unable to use a pre-defined activity space correctly or incapable of formally defining an activity space. This work tries to solve these problems 1) by developing a flexible hypertext meta-model which can represent activity space semantics, 2) developing an example-based definition tool for users to create task-specific activity spaces, 3) providing intelligent aid in using these activity spaces, and 4) providing a flexible space for adopting existing and emergent patterns. A system (COWFISH) with the above components had been implemented and tested at GMD-IPSI. Examples and initial applications have shown that using the system users can easily define the schemata of many activity spaces and hyper-documents. They can also create new activity spaces with stepwise structure transformation and through reusing existing activity spaces. The system then uses the schema knowledge to maintain the semantic consistency of the activity space instances and to provide users with context-sensitive examples, choices, and explanations."
3154184526,"Spatial Hypertext and the Practice of Information Triage","Marshall & Shipman",3,22,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267451","Catherine C. Marshall, Frank M. Shipman, III","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267451","VIKI, analysis, digital libraries, gathering interfaces, information triage, information workspaces, qualitative study, spatial hypertext","true","Information triage is the process of sorting through relevant materials, and organizing them to meet the needs of the task at hand. It is a practice that has become increasingly common with the advent of “at your fingertips” information resources, To explore the characteristics of information triage and its interaction with spatial hypertext, a medium we claim supports the process, we have studied subjects engaged in a time-constrained decision-making task using a large set of relevant documents. We use the study task to investigate information triage under three different conditions: one in which the participants used paper documents, and two others in which the participants used variants of VIKI, a spatial hypertext system. Our findings suggest that during information triage attentional resources are devoted to evaluating materials and organizing them, so they can be read and reread as they return to mind. Accordingly, hypertext tools to support the practice should facilitate the rapid assimilation and assessment of new material, aid in the creation and management of a fluid category structure, allow readers to track their own progress through the information, and use minimum-effort methods to promote the intelligibility of results."
3154184527,"A Large-scale Hypermedia Application Using Document Management and Web Technologies","Balasubramanian, Bashian & Porcher",3,0,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267452","V. Balasubramanian, Alf Bashian, Daniel Porcher","V. Balasubramanian","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267452","Distributed Authoring, Document Management, Information Retrieval, Publishing, Systematic Hypermedia Design, Templates, Views, WWW, Workflow","false","Merrill Lynch has initiated a major effort called the Trusted Global Advisor to provide instantaneous access to current financial information to about 20,000 financial consultants and other professionals across the corporation. As part of this effort, marketing information about products and services will be delivered to financial consultants, clients, and the general public through an intranet and the Internet. A number of researchers have reported on the requirements for industrial strength hypermedia. In this paper, we present a case study on how we have designed a large-scale hypermedia authoring and publishing system using document management and Web technologies to satisfy our authoring, management, and delivery needs. We describe our systematic design and implementation approach to satisfy requirements such as a distributed authoring environment for non-technical authors, templates, consistent user interface, reduced maintenance, access control, version control, concurrency control, document management, link management, work flow, editorial and legal reviews, assembly of different views for different target audiences, and full-text and attribute-based information retrieval. We also report on design tradeoffs due to limitations with current technologies. It is our conclusion that large scale Web development should be carried out only through careful planning and a systematic design methodology."
3154184528,"Designing Dexter-based Hypermedia Services for the World Wide Web","Grønbæk, Bouvin & Sloth",3,19,26,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267453","Kaj Grønbæk, Niels Olof Bouvin, Lennert Sloth","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267453","ActiveX, Dexter hypertext reference model, HTML, Java, JavaScript, OLE, Open hypermedia service, World Wide Web, link objects","false","This paper discusses how to augment the WWW with a Dexter-based hypermedia service that provides anchors, links and composites as objects stored external to the Web pages. The hypermedia objects are stored in an object-oriented database that is accessible on the Web via an ordinary URL. The Dexter-based hypermedia service is based on the Devise Hypermedia framework. Three client solutions are described and discussed, one that is platform independent based on Netscape Navigator 3.0, utilizing Java, JavaScript, and LiveConnect, and two that are platform dependent, one utilizing Netscape plug-ins, and another using Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0, utilizing mainly ActiveX. The server part is developed as a specialization of the Devise Hypermedia framework accessible through CGI scripts. Thus the system provides the full power of Dexter-based hypermedia to arbitrary Web pages on the Internet. This includes the ability for multiple users to create links from parts of HTML Web pages they do not own and support for creating links to parts of Web pages without writing HTML target tags. Support for providing links to/from parts of non-HTML data, such as Quicktime movies or VRML documents will also be possible in the future provided that appropriate open plug-in modules become available."
3154184529,"Integrating Open Hypermedia Systems with the World Wide Web","Anderson",4,16,15,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267454","Kenneth M. Anderson","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267454","Chimera, World Wide Web, integration, open hypermedia systems","false","Research on open hypermedia systems (OHSS) has been conducted since the late Eighties [10]. These systems employ a variety of techniques to provide hypermedia services to a diverse range of applications. The World Wide Web is the largest distributed hypermedia system in use and was developed largely independent of the research in OHSS. The popularity of the Web along with problems inherent in its design has motivated OHS researchers to integrate their systems with it. This research has primarily focused on enhancing the functionality of the Web via the services of an OHS. This paper presents three experiments exploring the integration of the Chimera OHS with the Web. While one of the experiments indeed describes work which enhances the Web, the other two investigate ways in which the Web can beneficially enhance an OHS. The paper concludes with a call for both communities to continue research which focuses on integration."
3154184530,"Hypertext Paths and the World-Wide Web: Experiences with Walden's Paths","Furuta et al.",3,17,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267455","Richard Furuta, Frank M. Shipman, III, Catherine C. Marshall, Donald Brenner, Hao-wei Hsieh","Richard Furuta","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267455","Walden’s Paths, educational applications, hypertext tours and paths, meta-structure","false","Walden’s Paths applies the concept of hypertextual paths to the World-Wide Web. Walden’s Paths is being developed for use in the K-12 school environment. The heterogeneity of the Web coupled with the desirability of supporting the teacher-student relationship make this an interesting and challenging project. We describe the Walden’s Paths implementation, discuss the elements that affected its design and architecture, and report on our experiences with the system in use."
3154184531,"Structuring and Visualising the WWW by Generalised Similarity Analysis","Chen",1,7,20,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267456","Chaomei Chen","Chaomei Chen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267456","Pathfinder networks, WWW, information visualization, sequential behavioral patterns, structural analysis","false","This paper describes a generic approach to structuring and visualizing a hypertext-based information space on the WWW. This approach, called Generalised Similarity Analysis (GSA), provides a unifying framework for extracting structural patterns from a range of proximity data concerning three fundamental relationships in hypertext, namely, hypertext linkage, content similarity and browsing patterns. GSA emphasizes the integral role of users’ interests in dynamically structuring the underlying information space. Pathfinder networks are used as a natural vehicle for structuring and visualizing the rich structure of an information space by highlighting salient relationships in proximity data. In this paper, we use the GSA framework in the study of hypertext documents automatically retrieved over the Internet, including a number of departmental WWW sites and conference proceedings on the WWW. We show that GSA has several distinct features for structuring and visualizing hypertext information spaces. GSA provides some generic tools for developing adaptive user interfaces to hypertext systems. Link structures derived by GSA can be used together with dynamic linking mechanisms to produce a number of hypertext versions of a common information space."
3154184532,"Focus+Context Views of World-Wide Web Nodes","Mukherjea & Hara",3,3,23,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267457","Sougata Mukherjea, Yoshinori Hara","Sougata Mukherjea","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267457","Information Visualization, Landmarks, Overview Diagrams, World-Wide Web","false","With the explosive growth of information that is available on the World-Wide Web, it is very easy for the user to get lost in hyperspace. When the user feels lost, some idea of the position of the current node in the overall information space will help to orient the user. Therefore we have developed a technique to form focus+context views of World-Wide Web nodes. The view shows the immediate neighborhood of the current node and its position with respect to the important (landmark) nodes in the information space. The views have been used to enhance a Web search engine. We have also used the landmark nodes and the focus+context views in forming overview diagrams of Web sites."
3154184533,"The Aleph: A Tool to Spatially Represent User Knowledge About the WWW Docuverse","Neves",3,1,20,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267458","Fernando Das Neves","Fernando Das Neves","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267458","Navigation tools, Web visualization, spatial metaphors","false","One of the most elusive targets in hypermedia research has been to provide effective support for user navigation [6]. The popularity of the World Wide Web and its inherent vastness has only made things worse: many of the tools that were proposed to alleviate this problem in closed systems do not scale well when applied to WWW. We designed a tool, that we call The Aleph, that addresses the support of user navigation with two views, known as the Travel Map and the Content View. The Travel Map assists the user at the stage of traveling trough the docuverse, and the Content View helps him at the moment of recalling and organizing the known space. We developed a novel approach based on document collections, that takes advantage of 3D space, to give much more information than is usually available in 2D representations, and to simplify the map layouts. The maps provide a framework that relates document and terms with specific positions in space. The structure of the paper is as follows: Section 1 positions The Aleph in the context of a large-scale hypertext system as WWW. Section 2 shows the structure of The Aleph, the two views it provides, explains why to use different views, how they are related, and how they work. Finally Section 3 relates The Aleph to other tools that address similar user needs and design objectives."
3154184534,"Distributed Link Service in the Aquarelle Project","Rizk & Sutcliffe",6,1,17,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267459","Antoine Rizk, Dale Sutcliffe","Antoine Rizk","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267459","Link service, Open Hypermedia Systems","false","The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the Aquarelle project and the type of distributed link service we are implementing to meet its requirements."
3154184536,"Exploiting Serendipity Amongst Users to Provide Support for Hypertext Navigation","Hill et al.",1,1,4,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267462","Gary Hill, Gerard Hutchings, Roger James, Steve Loades, Jacques Halé, Mike Hatzopulous","Gary Hill","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267462","Corporate Memory, Knowledge Management, Navigation, User Trails","false","he aim of the MEMOIR Project is to demonstrate the applicability and integration of advanced, distributed multimedia information systems to support the management of, and access to, diverse sources of technical information in large R&D-based corporations. The key technologies within the system are an object-oriented database, hypermedia link services and autonomous software agents."
3154184537,"An User Adaptive Navigation Metaphor to Connect and Rate the Coherence of Terms and Complex Objects","Husemann et al.",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267463","Holger Husemann, Jörg Petersen, Peter Hase, Christian Kanty, Hans-Dieter Kochs","Holger Husemann","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267463","Navigation metaphor, adaptive user interface, filtering agents, open hypertext, spatial hypertext","false","In many aspects research in the area of hypertext trends from static to dynamically created structures due to vast amounts of offered information. To dynamically generate relevant information nodes knowledge about an individual user and his actual task together with intelligent filtering methods can be used. Terms, organized in hierarchies, describe employees, groups of employees, machines, objects, products, processes and functions. Choosing terms specifying the actual task defines a special context which describes the relation and connection of units of information and therefore the user’s individual view of the hypertext. Simultaneously it will be meaningful to look at similar contexts of other users or working groups to compare and possibly add further units of information into the user’s private area. A system can be adaptive in the sense that units of information will be copied into a working group area if more than a certain percentage of its members will regard this information as important and vice versa. The described navigation metaphor was designed to enable the maintenance crew of a steel mill to access company-wide (hypermedia) information systems."
3154184538,"Style Sheet Support for Hypermedia Documents","Ossenbruggen et al.",1,1,3,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267464","Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Lynda Hardman, Lloyd Rutledge, Anton Eliëns","Jacco van Ossenbruggen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267464","Style sheets, structural transformations, temporal specifications","false","Hypermedia documents are most often created with a particular presentation environment in mind, This requires the authoring of one document per presentation platform. As pointed out in [3], much implementation effort can be avoided by specifying how the same underlying document can be presented in different environments. A style sheet defines a mapping from a source document to a presentation for it. We discuss the existing use of style sheets as applied to text and discuss their application to the case of hypermedia, and in particular how they need to be extended."
3154184539,"A Generic Dynamic-mapping Wrapper for Open Hypertext System Support of Analytical Applications","Chiu & Bieber",2,1,5,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267465","Chao-Min Chiu, Michael Bieber","Chao-Min Chiu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267465","Hypertext, World Wide Web, hypermedia, information systems, open hypermedia systems","false","Hypertext should augment everyday analytical applications with supplemental navigation, structuring and annotative features. Because analytical applications generate their screen contents in real time, hypertext constructs and navigation paths must be generated and mapped in real time. We are developing a hypertext engine that provides dynamic mapping automatically for any analytical application. W e propose a standard, generic open hypertext system (OHS) wrapper for back-end or storage-level components that dynamically generate their contents (e.g., the analytical applications). The wrapper automatically maps hypertext constructs-nodes, links and anchors—to application contents, (The storage-level wrapper itself creates hypertext constructs instead of the users.) The hypertext engine delivers supplemental hypertext functionality based on these mappings. Furthermore, by providing a standard format and a set of guidelines, we are providing a standard protocol or systematic approach for exchanging information between an OHS and any analytical application. This adds to the work in the OHS community on developing a standard protocol users will employ them for their primary analytical functionality. Hypertext will give more direct access to this primary functionality, give access to metainformation about objects that appear on the application screen, provide alternate navigation paths through the application space, and enable annotation and ad hoc links. Because these analytical applications generate their screen contents in real time (as opposed to just retrieving existing documents and display contents), hypertext constructs and navigation paths must be generated and mapped for these screens in real time. Our research goal is to provide a hypertext engine that can handle this real-time or dynamic mapping automatically for any analytical application. (We call these applications dynamic-mapping information systems or DMISS.) Furthermore, as we cannot expect to change these applications in any major way, we need to leave them “hypertext-unaware”. The hypertext engine will perform all hypertext functions, and maintain all hypertext mappings and constructs on their behalf. Indeed, for applications with APIs where we can provide our own user interface, we need make no changes to the application at all, while providing with complete hypertext functionality.
We propose a standard, generic open hypertext system (OHS) wrapper for back-end or storage-level components (DMISS) that dynamically generate their contents. The wrapper automatically maps hypertext constructs (nodes, links, anchors) to DMIS contents. The hypertext engine delivers supplemental hypertext functionality based on these mappings. In other words, from the OHS viewpoint, the storage-level wrapper itself creates many of the nodes, links and anchors instead of the users at the user interface level. Furthermore, by providing a standard format and a set of guidelines, we are providing a standard protocol or systematic approach for exchanging information between an OHS and any DMIS. This adds to the work in the OHS community on developing a standard protocol for passing information among OHS and integrated applications."
3154184541,"Hyper-news: Revolution or Contradiction?","Engebretsen",0,1,3,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267469","Martin Engebretsen","Martin Engebretsen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267469","","false","Journalism as a form of text and communication is confronted with great challenges when going online and meeting the technology of hypertext. Old ideals concerning objectivity and authenticity may experience a renewal when journalists start replacing the traditional news narrative with the distribution of various source material in the form of separate nodes. A practice such as this will, however, have serious consequences for the inner coherence of the elements of news, and new principles for evaluating journalistic products will have to be developed."
3154184542,"Improving the Usability of Hypertext Courseware Through Adaptive Linking","Calvi & de Bra",1,2,6,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267470","Licia Calvi, Paul De Bra","Licia Calvi","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267470","adaptive interaction, dynamic link structure, hypertext courseware","false","Hypertext is being used more and more for on-line course texts. But the navigational freedom offered by a rich link structure is a burden for students who need guidance throughout the learning process. This paper presents a framework for adaptive link structures. By enabling links when a student is ready to read the pages these links lead to, and by disabling links to pages that are no longer needed, the student can be assured that links always lead to interesting new information she is ready to read. This framework is illustrated by means of courseware for an on-line course on “Hypermedia structures and systems”, developed at the Eindhoven University of Technology, and currently offered at six different universities in the Netherlands and Belgium."
3154184543,"Microcosm TNG: A Distributed Architecture to Support Reflexive Hypermedia Applications","Goose et al.",2,0,4,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267472","Stuart Goose, Jonathan Dale, Wendy Hall, David De Roure","Stuart Goose","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267472","","false","Microcosm: The Next Generation (TNG) is an open, distributed hypermedia system with a design that represents a significant departure from the Microcosm architecture [2]. This system embodies an alternative model to facilitate the dynamic construction of hierarchies of distributed hypermedia applications. This paper will present the “reflexive model” and provide an appreciation of the Microcosm TNG framework through which this model is realised."
3154184545,"Using Hypertext for Textual Genetics, or, What is Suitable in a Hypertext System for an Information Gardening Application","Chuat",3,0,3,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267476","Corinne Chuat","Corinne Chuat","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267476","Information gardening, genetic criticism, spatial hypertext, versioning","false","This paper describes how the methodology of genetic criticism can interact with spatial hypertext and information gardening techniques in the construction of a genetic hypertext that fits the needs of textual geneticists as well as it opens an interesting application domain to hypertext."
3154184546,"Hypertext-assisted Video Indexing and Content-based Retrieval","Ip & Chan",0,2,5,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267478","Horace Ho-Shing Ip, Siu-Lok Chan","Horace Ho-Shing Ip","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267478","Video segmentation, content-based retrieval, educational video system, video indexing","false","An effective approach has been designed for the construction of on-line educational video systems. We have made use of the assistance of HTML text for accurate video parsing and complete content extraction. A video system with segmentation/indexing module and browsing/query modules are implemented to demonstrate the idea."
3154184547,"A Task Driven Design Method and Its Associated Tool for Automatically Generating Hypertexts","Fraïssé",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.267480","Sylvain Fraïssé","Sylvain Fraïssé","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.267480","","false","Navigation and interaction are the essence of hypertext. Navigation is not simply traveling freely along a messy set of links nor querying a database using dialog boxes, and buttons. Unfortunately, navigating into the WWW often looks so. Navigating efficiently in an information space supposes that a previous authoring effort has prepared a hypertext structure especially designed to make the information access scheme fit with the cognitive constraints of the various contexts of the reading task. Thus the navigation model cannot be a simple isomorphic copy of the data model of the presented information ! It relies on the one side on the data model and on the other side on the task model. Designing a hypertext leads to define a mapping between these two models.
This position paper briefly describes the design method we have developed and an automatic generation tool that we have implemented in JA V A as part of a working environment based on this method. The tool allows to map a hypertext structure specified by the designer as a generation model onto a set of source information described as a SGML file. The result of generation is a set of abstract description of page class instances. Another simple tool turns these descriptions into WWW pages and stores them into a database. The reader of this paper is supposed to be aware of hypertext design methods such as HDM [2], 00HDM [4] or RMM [3]."
3154184550,"Hypermedia and the Future of Authorship (Panel)","Bernstein et al.",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.270912","Mark Bernstein, Kevin M. Brooks, Michel Crampes, Marc Nanard, Jean Pierre Balpe, John Cayley","Mark Bernstein","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.270912","","false","Hypertexts and customizable, interactive media are playing a growing role in our technical and literary culture. Through interactive stories, novels, and narratives, readers are taking control of stories, ranging from Web drama to their daily news media. Active characters and computational agents, too, participate in shaping these New Narratives. Do hypermedia still need human authors? Narrative is an essential—and complex—component of a wide variety of writing, ranging from storytelling and journalism to historical accounts, clinical case studies, and technical protocol specifications. Current research in automatic generation of narrative from abstract knowledge representations may lead to autonomously generated narratives for technical documentation as well as for art. Hypertext systems that write (and rewrite) themselves present many fascinating questions. What will be the human author’s role? Is this change an enrichment or a degeneration of authorship? Will these techniques cause the emergence of new forms of art? Will they open new ways of reading?
[no references]"
3154184552,"The King is Dead; Long Live the King (Keynote)","Smith",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext","","HYPERTEXT '97","1997","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/267437.270924","John B. Smith","John B. Smith","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/267437.270924","","false","This tenth anniversary of Hypertext conferences finds the field at an important crossroads. In this talk, I will look back briefly at the first Hypertext conference (Hypertext ’87) and at the ten years of research and experience with the technology that have followed. However, most of the talk will be concerned with issues raised by the World Wide Web for this community.
Many members view the Web as an intrusive, unwelcome guest who insists on making his or her point of view prevail. Ignoring the hard-won knowledge of this community, the WWW has simplified the data model, ignored problems of large-scale navigation, and declared that link integrity is irrelevant. Consequently, many wish that it would go away so that they could continue their studies along familiar paths. Since it hasn’t, they have begun to adapt their work to it, but often grudgingly and with the least accommodation possible.
I will suggest a different perspective. The WWW, along with Java and the Internet, are not just new elements in the computing infrastructure. They are the infrastructure. Most computing and communication activities in the future will take place in this context. If the Hypertext community wants to continue and to create value for its knowledge, it must embrace the WWW, not just tolerate it.
What an exciting challenge! Consider how much richer and better the Web (or its successor) would be if it could incorporate features found in smaller, experimental system (such as integrated authorship, global write access, and reliable hyperlinks). But to do so at the scale implied by the Web will require substantial new work. The Hypertext community is uniquely positioned to contribute to that work, if it elects to move in that direction. To encourage this, I will outline some of the opportunities as well as challenges posed by the Web, and suggest several issues that might be included in a future research agenda for the Hypertext community.
[no references]"
3154184555,"Evaluation of Hypermedia Application Development and Management Systems","Christodoulou, Styliaras & Papatheodrou",7,2,30,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276628","S. P. Christodoulou, G. D. Styliaras, T. S. Papatheodrou","S. P. Christodoulou","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276628","Hypermedia application development systems, Hypermedia design, Hypermedia systems, WWW, criteria, evaluation framework, methodology","false","In this paper we propose and study a framework for evaluating Hypermedia Application Development and Management Systems (HADMS) in relation to specific application requirements. We address the need for HADMS capable to efficiently support the main users involved in the life cycle of hypermedia applications, namely designers, programmers/implementers, authors/administrators and end-users.
A HADMS consists of a hypermedia application development and management methodology and the respective environment. In this work, we propose and classify a set of evaluation criteria. These are mainly imposed by real life development and the need to support forthcoming, or next generation, features for hypermedia applications. We also introduce a simple framework for a comparative evaluation of HADMS. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of the criteria and the framework proposed, for the case of three real-life applications. A representative set of seven HADMS is selected and the evaluation of these systems is carried out, leading to some useful conclusions and suggestions for future work."
3154184556,"Pushing Reuse in Hypermedia Design: Golden Rules, Design Patterns and Constructive Templates","Nanard, Nanard & Kahn",11,3,24,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276629","Marc Nanard, Jocelyne Nanard, Paul Kahn","Marc Nanard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276629","Hypermedia design, design patterns, golden rules, hypermedia generation, reuse, templates","false","Reuse is increasingly strategic for reducing cost and improving quality of hypermedia design and development. In this paper, based on the design and development of a real hypermedia application, we classify and explore different types of reuse in hypermedia design. We show how constructive templates constitute a practical technique for capturing the specification of reusable structures and components and enabling the automation of the production process. We also discuss connections between constructive templates and design patterns."
3154184557,"Patterns of Hypertext","Bernstein",15,59,76,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276630","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276630","criticism, design, hypertext structure, navigation, pattern languages, patterns, rhetoric","true","The apparent unruliness of contemporary hypertexts arises, in part, from our lack of a vocabulary to describe hypertext structures. From observation of a variety of actual hypertexts, we identify a variety of common structural patterns that may prove useful for description, analysis, and perhaps for design of complex hypertexts. These patterns include:
Cycle
Counterpoint
Mirrorworld
Tangle
Sieve
Montage
Split/Join
Missing Link
Feint"
3154184558,"Linking by Inking: Trailblazing in a Paper-like Hypertext","Price, Golovchinsky & Schilit",6,8,47,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276631","Gene Golovchinsky, Morgan N. Price, Bill N. Schilit","Morgan N. Price","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276631","Dynamic hypertext, digital ink, document metaphor, information retrieval, paper-like user interface, pen computing","false","“Linking by inking” is a new interface for reader-directed link construction that bridges reading and browsing activities. We are developing linking by inking in XLibris, a hypertext system based on the paper document metaphor. Readers use a pen computer to annotate page images with free-form ink, much as they would on paper, and the computer constructs hypertext links based on the ink marks. This paper proposes two kinds of reader-directed links: automatic and manual. Automatic links are created in response to readers’ annotations. The system extracts the text near free-form ink marks, uses these terms to construct queries, executes queries against a collection of documents, and unobtrusively displays links to related documents in the margin or as “further reading lists.” We also present a design for manual (ad hoc) linking: circling an ink symbol generates a multi-way link to other instances of the same symbol."
3154184559,"Toward an Ecology of Hypertext Annotation","Marshall",7,15,32,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276632","Catherine C. Marshall","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276632","annotation, consensus, reading-oriented systems, spatial hypertext, study","false","Annotation is a key way in which hypertexts grow and increase in value. This paper first characterizes annotation according to a set of dimensions to situate a long-term study of a community of annotators. Then, using the results of the study, the paper explores the implications of annotative practice for hypertext concepts and for the development of an ecology of hypertext annotation, in which consensus creates a reading structure from an authorial structure."
3154184560,"Fluid Links for Informed and Incremental Link Transitions","Zellweger, Chang & Mackinlay",6,14,28,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276633","Polle T. Zellweger, Bay-Wei Chang, Jock D. Mackinlay","Polle T. Zellweger","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276633","Fluid UI, animation, fluid links, hypertext navigation paradigms, rhetoric of departure, scent, user interface","false","We have developed a novel user interface technique for hypertext, called fluid links, that has several advantages over current methods. Fluid links provide additional information at a link source to support readers in choosing among links and understanding the structure of a hypertext. Fluid links present this information in a convenient location that does not obscure the content or layout of the source material. The technique uses perceptually-based animation to provide a natural and lightweight feeling to readers. In their richer forms, fluid links can provide a novel hypertext navigation paradigm that blurs the boundaries of hypertext nodes and can allow readers to fluidly control the focus on the material to support their current reading goals."
3154184562,"MAPA: A System for Inducing and Visualizing Hierarchy in Websites","Durand & Kahn",3,1,27,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276635","David Durand, Paul Kahn","David Durand","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276635","WWW, Web mapping, data visualization, hierarchical organization, hypertext interfaces, structural analysis","false","The MAPA system provides improved navigation facilities for large web sites. It extracts a hierarchical structure from an arbitrary web site, with no or minimal human assistance, and creates an interactive map of that site that can be used for orientation and navigation. MAPA is designed and most useful for large web sites of from 500 to 50,000 pages. We present an overview of the mapping problem, with a list of 10 important user facilities that maps can offer. Then we describe how the MAPA system analyzes the link structure of a site, and provides effective aids for the navigation of large hypertexts. We also compare MAPA with a number of other web-mapping systems, and conclude with a review of how MAPA stands with respect to our wish-list of map features."
3154184563,"From Latent Semantics to Spatial Hypertext—an Integrated Approach","Chen & Czerwinski",8,6,32,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276636","Chaomei Chen, Mary Czerwinski","Chaomei Chen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276636","Spatial hypertext, digital libraries, latent semantic indexing, virtual reality","true","In this paper, we introduce an integrated approach to the development of spatial hypertext. This approach brings together several theories and techniques concerning semantic structures, and streamlines the transformation from implicit semantic structures to a semantic space rendered in virtual reality. Browsing and querying become natural, inherent, and compatible activities within the same semantic space. The overall design principle is based on the theory of cognitive maps. Techniques such as latent semantic indexing, Pathfinder network scaling, and virtual reality modelling are used in harmony. The value of this integrated approach is discussed based on initial results of a recent empirical study, which suggests that the spatial metaphor is intuitive and particularly useful when dealing with implicit information structures, or when a highly flexible and extensible virtual environment is required. Search strategies in association with the spatial hypertext and further work are also discussed."
3154184564,"Temporally Threaded Workspace: A Model for Providing Activity-based Perspectives on Document Spaces","Hayashi et al.",9,4,24,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276637","Koichi Hayashi, Takahiko Nomura, Tan Hazama, Makoto Takeoka, Sunao Hashimoto, Stephan Gumundson","Koichi Hayashi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276637","WWW, activity, authoring, hypertext, shared workspace, spatial hypertext, version management","false","In this paper, we present a framework for providing activity-based perspectives of a document space, especially in th WWW. An activity-based perspective is a view of the subspace of the WWW document space that a knowledge worker should understand or modify while executing the activity. We designed the framework to reduce the cognitive overhead of managing document spaces dependent on various internal and external changes. Changes within the activity (often resulting from the natural progress of the activity) result in changes of focus in the subspace related to the activity. For such internal changes, we introduce a temporally-threaded workspace model. Our model introduces a structured workspace that maintains a thread of snapshots of a knowledge worker’s perspective on a document space. Such threads of snapshots are constructed by monitoring user actions. External changes (for example, changes to documents managed in external sites) are independent of the progress of users’ activities. To deal with these changes, we introduce a proxy mechanism to maintain documents in the same state as accessed. This paper also describes the implementation of prototype systems, in the WWW environment, based on our frameworks. Interlocus is a client/server system providing facilities based on the temporally-threaded workspace model. It provides a user interface that presents spatial-temporal views of a workspace thread. Packrat is a WWW proxy server that maintains documents in the same state as accessed."
3154184565,"Adaptive Narrative Abstraction","Crampes, Veuillez & Ranwez",3,2,20,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276638","Michel Crampes, Jean Paul Veuillez, Sylvie Ranwez","Michel Crampes","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276638","Narratives, abstraction, adaptivity, causality, context, granularity, hypermedia","false","Narrative abstraction consists in selecting and assembling meaningful events from an original set of related events. This acquisition of information hinges on several requirements. This paper deals with some of them, namely the viewer’s intention, the viewer’s resource constraint, particularly the time constraint, and the narrative coherence.
We present a foundation of narrative abstraction and several algorithms that can be used to build up abstracts compliant with the requirements. Our evaluation of these algorithms in a prototype leads to some questioning about their performance. We propose and discuss several solutions to improve them with regard to the flexibility of the abstract building process."
3154184566,"The Moment in Hypertext: A Brief Lexicon of Time","Luesebrink",6,13,31,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276639","Marjorie C. Luesebrink","Marjorie C. Luesebrink","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276639","Time frames, hypertext fiction, hypertext poetry, hypertext structure, interface, narrative structures, spatial metaphor, story parameters, temporal metaphor","false","Hypertext literature has been characterized as spatial construct by many of the critics involved with its aesthetics and poetics. Michael Joyce, Cathy Marshall, Mark Bernstein, Carolyn Guyer, George Landow, Stuart research in traversal technology, and in their own Moulthrop and many others have explored the way in which metaphors of visual space can inform hypertexts—impacting both meaning and process. Although these writers refer to the time/space continuum, their writing has been less concerned with temporal constructs—how time might influence the programming, writing, and reading of hypertext literature. Time factors, however, could be viewed as important elements in the way hypertexts are conceived and received. This paper seeks to raise questions about issues of time—and to suggest some possible categories that might be investigated. Significant “information” is coded into everything from the equipment-determined limitations of “Machine Time” to the author-controlled clues embedded in “Mythic Time.” To the extent that we make mental scripts of spatial parameters, readers and writers of hypertext fiction may build into the space of the cyberworld a complementary universe fully as rich in temporal experience. In both the Interface Experience and the Cognitive Structure, time is part of the inscription of coherent meaning for cyber-narratives and electronic poetry."
3154184567,"Link Services or Link Agents?","Carr, Hall & Hitchcock",4,9,25,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276640","L. A. Carr, W. Hall, S. Hitchcock","L. A. Carr","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276640","Links, autonomous user interface agents, hypertext, link services, open hypermedia","false","A general link service for the WWW has been used within an Electronic Libraries’ project. Experience using it shows that as the links become increasingly interesting to the user, processing them becomes increasingly expensive. Eventually textual analysis, ontological services and remote database lookups conflict with the goal of prompt delivery of documents. This paper summarizes the history of the Link Service software behind the Open Journal project together with the kind of links that it has been used to produce. Building on this work it then discusses how the paradigm, architecture and user interface of the DLS have been newly modified both in response to user feedback and also to allow more linking facilities to be added to the WWW environment. We then introduce AgentDLS, an agent-style system that offers suggestions to help the user’s browsing and information discovery activities."
3154184568,"Dynamic Hypertext Catalogues: Helping Users to Help Themselves","Milosavljevic & Oberlander",2,2,26,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276641","Maria Milosavljevic, Jon Oberlander","Maria Milosavljevic","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276641","adaptive hypertext, discourse history, dynamic hypertext, natural language generation, user modelling","false","Electronic hypertext catalogues provide an important channel for information provision. However, static hypertext documents cannot be dynamically adapted to help the user find what he/she is looking for. We demonstrate that natural language generation techniques can be used to produce tailored hypertext documents, and we focus on two key benefits of the resulting DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT. First, documents can be tailored more precisely to an individual’s needs and background, thus aiding the search process. Secondly, the incorporation of techniques for comparing catalogue items allows the user to search still more effectively. We describe the automatic generation of hypertext documents containing comparisons, with illustrations from two implemented systems."
3154184569,"TourisT: The Application of a Description Logic Based Semantic Hypermedia System for Tourism","Bullock & Goble",4,0,28,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276642","Joe Bullock, Carole Goble","Joe Bullock","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276642","Semantic hypermedia, description logics, link services, tourism","false","Web-based Public Information Systems of the kind common in tourism do not satisfy the needs of the customer because they do not offer a sufficiently flexible linking environment capable of emulating the mediation role of a tourist adviser. We present the requirements of a tourism hypermedia system resulting from ethnographic studies of tourist advisers, and conclude that an open semantic hypermedia (SH) approach is appropriate. We present a novel and powerful SH prototype based on the use of a semantic model expressed as a terminology. The terminological model is implemented by a Description Logic, GRAIL, capable of the automatic and dynamic multi-dimensional classification of concepts, and hence the web pages they describe, We show how GRAIL-Link has been used within the TourisT hypermedia system and conclude with a discussion."
3154184570,"Stalking the Paratext: Speculations on Hypertext Links As a Second Order Text","Ricardo",7,5,21,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276643","Francisco J. Ricardo","Francisco J. Ricardo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276643","Hypertext, grammatology, intertextuality, link semantics, paratext, rhetoric","false","In the popular conception of hypertext as nonlinear writing, primary emphasis typically falls on the construction, character, and quantity of constituent lexias that comprise any given hypertext. This paper, however, will focus on what the text would reveal if an ordered collection were made of the links emerging from the main (first order) text. Such a collection, as a second order text or parallel text, which I propose to call the paratext, comprises the layer-world of links, of intertextual descriptors that could be subjectcd to cluster analyses that reveal aspects of cohesion, breadth, and other speculative characteristics of the first order text."
3154184571,"Locus Looks at the Turing Play: Hypertextuality vs. Full Programmability","Rosenberg",15,3,48,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276644","Jim Rosenberg","Jim Rosenberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276644","algorithm identity, behavior, extensibility, hypertext, localization, sampling, structure, user interface, user/algorithm relationship","false","Hypertext extensibility is briefly reviewed: strategies have included external execution, published internal primitives, scripted articulation points, generalized object inheritance, and  guest algorithms. Hypertext algorithms are typically localized. The user/algorithm relationship in hypertext is typically master/slave; other types of relationship are possible in generalized cybertext. Hypertext algorithms normally have a clear identity; for generalized cybertext, identity of the algorithm may need to be hidden. The algorithm might only be revealed by sampling activities; these activities might or might not be structured. Identity of the programmer needs to be considered as much as that of reader or writer. Hypertext is typically structurally focused; generalized algorithms exhibit behavior, and a behavioral rather than a structural focus may be important in certain types of cybertext. Hypertextuality is not “all or nothing”; there are dimensionalities to hypertextuality, only some of which may be present. The extensibility architecture should be flexible enough to allow for all of these dimensionalities."
3154184572,"XHMBS: A Formal Model to Support Hypermedia Specification","Paulo et al.",2,0,22,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276645","Fabiano B. Paulo, Marcelo Augusto S. Turine, Maria Cristina F. de Oliveira, Paulo C. Masiero","Fabiano B. Paulo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276645","Formal Specification, HMBS, Hypercharts, Multimedia/Hypermedia Modeling, Statecharts, Temporal Synchronization, XHMBS","false","This paper introduces XHBMS  ( the eXtended Hyperdocument Model Based on Statecharts) to support the formal specification of general hypermedia applications. XHMBS uses a novel formalism called hypercharts as its underlying model for specifying the navigational structure, browsing semantics and synchronization requirements of a hyperdocument. Hypercharts are statecharts extended with additional mechanisms for describing the time sequencing and information synchronization requirements typical of multimedia. The extensions incorporated into hypercharts are based on the major characteristics of some Petri net based multimedia models, and make it an alternative to such models for multimedia and hypermedia specification. XHMBS provides facilities for defining the structure of a hypermedia application in terms of nodes and links and also for describing the temporal behavior of dynamic data streams contained in nodes. The model incorporates presentation and communication channels for describing spatial coordination and distribution of information, and anchor objects for ensuring separation between information structure and content."
3154184573,"Enforcing Strong Object Typing in Flexible Hypermedia","Furtado & Madeira",15,0,23,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276646","H. Madeira, Pedro Furtado","Pedro Furtado","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276646","Emergent Structures, Flexibility, Frame Model, Hypermedia, Knowledge Structuring, OODBMS","false","The presentation layer of hypermedia systems could benefit from standard object querying functionality and this is most effective if strong typing is enforced. By strong typing we mean the direct representation of data semantics as object types in an object database as oposed to a “slotted frames” representation. On the other hand, the flexible emergent nature of structure must be considered in the authoring activity and in this sense premature typing and organizing is counterproductive. Reflecting on these apparently contradictory issues and the past proposals to handle the problem, we extend the strongly typed data model of a prototype hypermedia system, WorldView, to support semi-automatic object submission and type metamorphosis. Weak types are also necessary for some constructs, so they coexist with strong types, but these are enforced. We emphasize the benefits available to the presentation layer of keeping a uniform object oriented structure. In particular we implement a dynamic linking capability that uses queries to retrieve the objects related to some object attribute and suggest other improvements. We stress that most object oriented hypermedia systems are frame-based, especially in what concerns user-defined and emergent structure."
3154184574,"Structural Properties of Hypertext","Park",10,3,25,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276647","Seongbin Park","Seongbin Park","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276647","Dexter model, Hypertext models, Hypertext structure, a-transducer, context-free language, link-following, regular set, virtual document","false","We provide a framework that allows one to study structural properties of hypertext in connection with formal language theory. We model hypertext as a transformation device (an a-transducer) that transforms a link-following into a sequence of matched pairs: basic linkable units. Then, we address the following questions: What can hypertext do? What structure is formed when a link-following is done? What structure is built when a virtual document is constructed? We show that the set of all link-followings in hypertext is a regular set. Then, the set of all possible outputs of link-followings is shown to be context-free, which means that constructing virtual documents is essentially same as generating words of a context-free language."
3154184575,"Using the Flag Taxonomy to Study Hypermedia System Interoperabilty","Wiil & Østerbye",10,3,27,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276648","Uffe Kock Wiil, Kasper Østerbye","Uffe Kock Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276648","Flag taxonomy, interoperability matrix, interoperability protocol, partial hypermedia system","false","Interoperability between existing systems, program packages, tools and applications with various degrees of hypermedia awareness is a complex and important challenge facing the hypermedia community. This paper presents a general framework (called the Flag Interoperability Matrix) to discuss and examine hypermedia system interoperability based on the concepts and principles of the Flag taxonomy of open hypermedia systems. The purposes of the Flag Interoperability Matrix are to provide a framework to classify, describe concisely and compare different approaches to hypermedia system interoperability, and provide an overview of the design space of hypermedia system interoperability. The Flag Interoperability Matrix is used to examine existing interoperability approaches. Based on a systematic analysis of possible approaches to hypermedia system interoperability, the paper explores one solution to hypermedia system interoperability that seems particularly promising with respect to handling the growing number of applications with increasing but incomplete awareness of hypermedia structure concepts."
3154184576,"An Agenda for Open Hypermedia Research","Nürnberg, Leggett & Wiil",16,10,38,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276649","Peter J. Nürnberg, John J. Leggett, Uffe K. Wiil","Peter J. Nürnberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276649","Open hypermedia system (OHS), component-based open hypermedia system (CB-OHS), hyperbase, hypermedia domain research, hypermedia middleware, hypermedia operating system, structural computing","false","The historical development of hypermedia systems can be characterized as a series of successive abstractions of functionality away from the “core” hypermedia server, often resulting in a new open layer in the hypermedia environment architecture. Recently, this trend of abstraction has been applied to the hypermedia server itself, replacing the notion of a single, closed hypermedia server with an open layer of structure servers. This newest development brings with it a new set of challenges and research issues for open hypermedia researchers. In this paper, we discuss these issues, review some of our collective applicable experience with contemporary open hypermedia systems and other work, and point out some of the more pressing and intriguing open questions that we feel are facing open hypermedia researchers today. We also examine the “split” in the current hypermedia research community between “system” and “domain” researchers and the still-present need for interoperability among systems, and discuss why any attempt to address the issues we discuss in this paper must account for these observations."
3154184577,"Referential Integrity of Links in Open Hypermedia Systems","Davis",9,8,29,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276650","Hugh C. Davis","Hugh C. Davis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276650","Broken Links, Dangling Links, Link Services, Open Hypermedia, Referential Integrity","false","This paper is concerned with broken hypertext links. These are links which do not refer the reader to the information that was intended by the author of the link. The paper presents three distinct models which have been adopted by various developers for the storage of hypertext links, and considers the problems that may result from adopting each of these models, and reviews and classifies a number of methods that may be adopted for preventing these problems.
The link models that are reviewed range from the tightly coupled links implemented by html in the World Wide Web, through to the loosely coupled links adopted by some link server systems.
The paper concludes that there can be no universal solution to this problem; rather there is a range of approaches from which hypertext developers must choose a solution appropriate to their needs."
3154184578,"Combining Structure Search and Content Search for the World-Wide Web","Kaindl, Kramer & Afonso",8,0,19,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276651","Hermann Kaindl, Stefan Kramer, Luis Miguel Afonso","Hermann Kaindl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276651","World-Wide Web, content search, meta-search engine, structure search","false","When searching information in the World-Wide Web (WWW), the currently available search engines typically return too many irrelevant addresses to their users. This is a deep and many-faceted issue and very hard to be generally solved. One of the current problems involved is that these search engines focus on content search and not on structure search as investigated in hypertext research. A prerequisite of full-fledged structure search would be that links are first-class objects. This is obviously not the case for the representation of links in the WWW. So, we introduce a rudimentary form of structure search that is based upon content search. In our application of this approach to searching the WWW, we combine this kind of structure search with content search in a meta-search engine. In this way, we are able to reduce the number of irrelevant addresses returned. As a consequence, we propose this approach for searching the World-Wide Web."
3154184579,"Inferring Web Communities from Link Topology","Gibson,Kleinberg & Raghaven",5,7,28,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276652","David Gibson, Jon Kleinberg, Prabhakar Raghavan","David Gibson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276652","Hypertext, World Wide Web, collaborative annotation, communities, information exploration","false","The World Wide Web grows through a decentralized, almost anarchic process, and this has resulted in a large hyperlinked corpus without the kind of logical organization that can be built into more traditionally-created hypermedia. To extract, meaningful structure under such circumstances, we develop a notion of hyperlinked communities on the www through an analysis of the link topology. By invoking a simple, mathematically clean method for defining and exposing the structure of these communities, we are able to derive a number of themes: The communities can be viewed as containing a core of central, “authoritative” pages linked together by “hub pages” ; and they exhibit a natural type of hierarchical topic generalization that can be inferred directly from the pattern of linkage. Our investigation shows that although the process by which users of the Web create pages and links is very difficult to understand at a “local” level, it results in a much greater degree of orderly high-level structure than has typically been assumed."
3154184580,"Cut As a Querying Unit for WWW, Netnews, and E-mail","Tajima et al.",6,3,27,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276653","Katsumi Tanaka, Yoshiaki Mizuuchi, Masatsugu Kitagawa, Keishi Tajima","Keishi Tajima","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276653","Netnews, WWW, e-mail, graph-partitioning, hypertext, information discovery, query, structuring","false","In this paper? we propose a query framework for hypertext data in general, and for WWW pages, Netnews articles, and e-mails in particular. In existing query tools for hypertext data, such as search engines for WWW or intelligent news/mail readers, data units in query are typically individual nodes. In actual hypertext data, however, one topic is often described over a series of connected nodes, and therefore, the logical data unit should he such a series of nodes corresponding to one topic. This discrepancy between the data unit, in query and the logical data unit hinders the efficient information discovery from hypertext data. To solve this problem, in our framework, we divide hypertexts into connected subgraphs corresponding to individual topics, and we use those subgraphs as the data units in queries."
3154184581,"Flexible Coordination with Cooperative Hypertext","Wang & Haake",8,4,25,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276654","Weigang Wang, Jörg M. Haake","Weigang Wang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276654","CHIPS, Cooperative hypermedia, coordination, groupware, workflow","false","In current workflow and groupware systems, there is a gap between formal and informal coordination mechanisms. To fill the gap, flexible coordination support covers the whole spectrum of informal and formal co-ordination mechanisms. In this paper, a flexible coordination model integrating formal and informal coordination mechanisms is presented. Methods of using cooperative hypermedia concepts to uniformly model all objects representing coordination mediums and shared artifacts are described. Using the proposed model and methods, a cooperative hypermedia system (CHIPS), that offers flexible coordination support has been implemented. An application example of the system shows how a set of tasks and different coordination mechanisms are integrated into a cooperative process. This work demonstrates that cooperative hypermedia can serve as a bridge to close the gap."
3154184582,"JPernLite: An Extensible Transaction Server for the World Wide Web","Yang & Kaiser",5,1,23,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276655","Jack J. Yang, Gail E. Kaiser","Jack J. Yang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276655","Computer Supported Collaborative Work, Distributed Transaction, Extended Transaction Models, WWW","false","Concurrency control is a well-known problem in design and implementation of multi-user hypermedia systems. Most existing systems store data and links in specialized databases (link servers or hyperbases) with a built-in concurrency control policy, typically the conventional atomic/serializable transaction model, usually implemented via locking. But this conventional model may not be appropriate for collaborative hypermedia systems, where the multiple users work together in groups on shared tasks.
Further, it is desirable to construct collaborative hypermedia systems on top of the World Wide Web, but most web servers do not support even conventional transactions, let alone distributed (multi-website) transactions or flexible concurrency control mechanisms oriented towards teamwork—such as event notification, shared locks and fine granularity locks.
We present a transaction server that operates independently of web servers or the hypermedia applications, to fill the concurrency control gap. The transaction server by default enforces the conventional transaction model, where sets of operations are performed in an all-or-nothing fashion and isolated from concurrent users. The server can be tailored dynamically to apply more sophisticated concurrency control policies appropriate for collaboration. The transaction server also supports applications employing information resources other than web servers, such as legacy databases, CORBA objects, and other hypermedia systems."
3154184583,"Using Paths in the Classroom: Experiences and Adaptations","Shipman et al.",2,10,12,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276656","Frank M. Shipman, III, Richard Furuta, Donald Brenner, Chung-Chi Chung, Hao-wei Hsieh","Frank M. Shipman, III","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276656","Computers and education, Directed paths, Guided tours, Meta-documents, Walden’s Paths, World-Wide Web","false","Walden’s Paths was designed to enable teachers to collect, organize, and annotate Web-based information for presentation to their students. Experiences with the use of Walden’s Paths in high-school classrooms have identified four needs/issues: (1) better support for the gradual authoring of paths by teachers, (2) support for student authoring of paths including the ability for students to collaborate on paths, (3) more obvious distinction between content of the original source materials and that added by the path author, and (4) support for maintaining paths over an evolving set of source documents. These observed needs have driven the development of new versions of Walden’s Paths. Additionally, the experiences with path authoring have led to a conceptualization of meta-documents, documents whose components include complete documents, as a general domain where issues of collaboration, intellectual property, and maintenance are decidedly different from traditional document publication."
3154184585,"Automatic Creation of Hypervideo News Libraries for the World Wide Web","Boissière",2,3,9,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276658","Guillaume Boissière","Guillaume Boissière","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276658","Hypervideo server, closed caption, digital libraries, news segmentation","false","This paper presents the design of a server offering up-to-date hypervideo news to World Wide Web users. The novel advantage of this system is that it combines simplicity to maintain: all the tasks are automated, accessibility: everyone with a widely used browser can access the interactive videos and view them inside the browser, and extensibility: new video databases or links can be easily added to the database. The segmentation of news video is done automatically by using the closed caption information extracted from the broadcast, and the hyperlinks are defined with a simple scripting language."
3154184586,"Designing Open Hypermedia Applets: Experiences and Prospects","Bouvin",2,1,7,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276659","Niels Olof Bouvin","Niels Olof Bouvin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276659","","false","The experiences with the continued development of DHM/WWW, an applet integrating WWW with external structures stored in the Dexter-based hypermedia system Devise Hypermedia (DHM), will be described, some problems discussed, and a brief outline of current and future work will be given."
3154184587,"2L670: A Flexible Adaptive Hypertext Courseware System","De Bra & Calvi",1,1,5,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276660","Paul De Bra, Licia Calvi","Paul De Bra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276660","adaptive content, adaptive hiding and annotation, hypertext courseware","false","In[4,5] (among other papers) we have reported on the development of an adaptive hypertext document and system, used for learning about the subject of hypertext, through distance learning by means of World Wide Web. In the terminology of Brusilovsky’s overview paper [ 11], the system offered adaptive content and link hiding. This short paper briefly describes the latest developments, which include the possibility for users to choose between link hiding and link annotation. The adaptive hypertext contents consists of standard HTML (3.2) pages, which makes it easy for authors to create adaptive courses using off the shelf authoring tools."
3154184588,"Applying Open Hypermedia to Audio","DeRoure et al.",0,2,5,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276661","David DeRoure, Steven Blackburn, Lee Oades, Jonathan Read, Neil Ridgway","David DeRoure","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276661","Open Hypermedia Protocol (OHP), Open hypermedia, branching audio, content-based navigation","false","We describe a set of tools to support navigational hypermedia linking within audio (‘branching audio’) and between media types including audio. We have adopted an open hypermedia approach, with a component-based architecture, and aim to be compliant with the emerging Open Hypermedia Protocol (OHP). Content-based navigation is supported and we have focused on speech and musical content for our case studies. Although our investigation concentrates on audio, many of the techniques are generic and therefore applicable to other temporal media."
3154184589,"1-800-hypertext: Browsing Hypertext with a Telephone","Goose, Wynblatt & Mollenhauer",1,1,7,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276662","Stuart Goose, Michael Wynblatt, Hans Mollenhauer","Stuart Goose","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276662","Hypertext, WWW, browsing, telephone","false","We present the issues and design of a telephone-based browser for email and the World Wide Web."
3154184591,"Adaptive Navigational Facilities in Educational Hypermedia","Silva et al.",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276664","Denise Pilar da Silva, Rafaël Van Durm, Erik Duval, Henk Oliviè","Denise Pilar da Silva","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276664","Adaptiveness, educational hypermedia, navigation","false","Hypermedia users with different goals and knowledge may be interested in different pieces of information and may use different links for navigation. Irrelevant information and links overload their working memories and screen [l]. In order to overcome this problem, it is possible to use information represented in a user model and then adapt the content and/or the links to be presented to that user. Adaptive hypermedia systems build such a model with the goal of personalizing hypermedia.
Adaptation can be done either at content level (adaptive presentation), or at link level (adaptive navigation). In this paper, we focus on adaptive navigation support. More specifically, we want to reduce the cognitive overload in order to facilitate learning.
In the following sections, we present our system, called AHM, which consists of three main parts: the domain model, the user model, and the adaptive engine. Then we come to our conclusions and present the main open issues in this research."
3154184592,"Browsing Hyperdocuments with Multiple Focus+Context Views","Robert & Lecolinet",1,0,5,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276665","Laurent Robert, Eric Lecolinet","Laurent Robert","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276665","Information visualization, World Wide Web, animation, focus+context, hierarchical representations, multi-view system, zooming interfaces","false","We present an interactive focus+context environment based on zooming and hierarchical representations for browsing large data sets. It gives an overview of the data and provides multiple views for visualizing the content and the local organization of documents of interest. This multi-view system has been applied to the World Wide Web browsing as a first practical demonstration."
3154184593,"Contextures","Stanley",0,1,4,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276666","Terry Stanley","Terry Stanley","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276666","context, critical discussion, focus, linkmap, mediator, navigation","false","When the amount of information to present is large relative to the display area, views organized around a focus of attention and its surrounding context make effective use of the limited area. Contextures extend the concept of focus+context by adding texture-compact, expressive views providing statistical rather than detail information."
3154184594,"Dynamic Bookmarks for the WWW","Takano & Winograd",1,2,2,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276667","Hajime Takano, Terry Winograd","Hajime Takano","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276667","WWW navigation, bookmark, link analysis, user behavior analysis","false","This paper describes a management tool to support revisiting WWW pages, which we call “WWW Dynamic Bookmark (WDB).” WDB watches and archives a user’s navigation behavior, analyses the archive, and shows analyzed results as clues for revisiting URLs. We have integrated link analysis and user behavior analysis to evaluate WWW page importance. WDB presents a list of sites that a user has visited, in importance order, via a landmark list in each site, and showing relationships among sites. Experimental implementation shows that importance calculation and structure displays help users to pick up useful URLs."
3154184595,"Finding Links","Tebbutt",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '98","1998","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/276627.276668","John Tebbutt","John Tebbutt","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/276627.276668","Automatic hypertext construction, IR, embedded links, hypertext, information retrieval, installed links","false","Possibilities for the automatic designation of pre-existing text elements as implicitly-typed links through the use of information retrieval technology are discussed. Results of preliminary work in this area are presented, and plans for future research outlined."
3154184603,"Semiautomatic Generation of Glossary Links: A Practical Solution","Kaindl et al.",16,2,33,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294473","Hermann Kaindl, Stefan Kramer, Papa Samba Niang Diallo","Hermann Kaindl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294473","Authoring, WWW, automatic link generation, glossary links, hypertext","false","Especially through the increasing popularity of the World Wide Web (WWW, Web), more and more hypertext is created. A major task in creating hypertext is link generation, and in particular for larger hypertexts, generating the links manually takes a lot of effort. Therefore, at least some support for link generation is highly desirable. We faced an important case of this problem in practice — to make explicit glossary links, i.e., links within and into a (technical) glossary. So, we developed a new and interactive algorithm for the semiautomatic generation of glossary links in hypertext. In order to be useful in practice, it deals with inexact matching of text and with names that may consist of several words, which may overlap or encompass each other in the text. Since the hypertext author using this algorithm should have full control over which links to include, our approach relies on user cooperation and interaction. Therefore, the design of our algorithm aims at reducing the cognitive overhead of the hypertext author. While we use this approach successfully in practice, its performance there is hard to evaluate quantitatively. So, we present a novel experiment design for quantitatively measuring the success of semiautomatic link generation and its application to our new algorithm. Both our qualitative empirical evidence and these quantitative results suggest its usefulness."
3154184604,"Finding Context Paths for Web Pages","Mizuuchi & Tajima",5,4,14,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294474","Yoshiaki Mizuuchi, Keishi Tajima","Yoshiaki Mizuuchi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294474","Web, hypertext, query, structure discovery","false","The contents of Web pages are often not self-contained. A page author often assumes all the readers of the page come through the same path, and he sometimes omit the information described in the pages on that path because the readers must already know it. Therefore, indexes used by search engines based on the contents of each page are also incomplete. In this paper, we propose a method of discovering those paths assumed by page authors, and of complementing the incomplete indexes with keywords extracted from the pages on those paths."
3154184606,"Aspects of Text Semantics in Hypertext","Mehler",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294477","Alexander Mehler","Alexander Mehler","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294477","automatic hypertext construction, semantic space, text linguistics, two-level hypertext","false","This paper aims at outlining a linguistic framework for the justification of automatically created links in hypertext. Hypertexts are seen to represent linguistic units above the level of texts which allow to apply the linguistic concept of semantic cohesion. Cohesion relations are modeled using semantic spaces as the underlying information structure of a two-level hypertext system. This procedure makes it possible to control formally and linguistically the process of text linkage."
3154184607,"Data Scalability in Open Hypermedia Systems","Anderson",19,2,34,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294479","Kenneth M. Anderson","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294479","Chimera, open hypermedia systems, scalability","false","A key issue in hypermedia is scalability. A review of the hypermedia literature relevant to scalability is presented and related to the field of open hypermedia systems. The issues are grounded in the description of a development project that increased the scalability of the Chimera open hypermedia system two orders of magnitude. The project description includes the scenario that motivated the work, Chimera’s architecture, the scalability issues encountered and the techniques employed to address them. An important lesson of the work is that scalability impacts all levels of a system’s architecture. This has significant ramifications with respect to open hypermedia systems since the highest layer of their architecture is composed of third-party applications typically outside the control of the open hypermedia system’s developers."
3154184608,"Team-and-role-based Organizational Context and Access Control for Cooperative Hypermedia Environments","Wang",3,0,19,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294480","Weigang Wang","Weigang Wang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294480","Cooperative hypermedia, coordination workflow, groupware, process support, role-based access control","false","Access control needs to be more flexible and fine-grained to support cooperative tasks and processes performed by dynamic teams. This can be done by applying state-of-the-art role-based access control (RBAC) technology. This paper examines how to integrate RBAC in a team-based organization context and how to apply such access control to hypermedia structures. Based on the analysis of these issues, a team-and-role-based access control model is proposed, which describes various aspects of role-based access control in cooperative hypermedia environments. The model has been implemented in CHIPS, a cooperative hypermedia-based process support system. Application examples demonstrate that its organizational context management and access permission authorization retain the simplicity of RBAC. Our extensions provide effective and flexible access control for managing various kinds of shared workspaces, especially shared process spaces, where access control is not only used for managing security, but also for supporting coordination."
3154184609,"The Callimachus Approach to Distributed Hypermedia","Tzagarakis et al.",2,3,4,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294482","Manolis Tzagarakis, Michalis Vaitis, Athanasios Papadopoulos, Dimitris Christodoulakis","Manolis Tzagarakis","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294482","Open hypermedia system, distribution, naming","false","We present the issues and design of the naming architecture of Callimachus - an open distributed hypermedia system."
3154184610,"CAOS: A Collaborative and Open Spatial Structure Service Component with Incremental Spatial Parsing","Reinert et al.",3,12,5,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294484","Olav Reinert, Dirk Bucka-Lassen, Claus Aagaard Pedersen, Peter J. Nürnberg","Olav Reinert","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294484","CSCW, collaboration, component-based open hypermedia system (CB-OHS), hypermedia middleware, incremental spatial parsing, open hypermedia system (OHS), spatial hypermedia","true","This paper introduces a project that provides spatial hypermedia services as part of a component-based open hypermedia system (CB-OHS). We focus on the issues of storing both the information space and the parsed spatial structure (for structure sharing purposes) and collaboration support. Continuous re-parsing of spatial structure guarantees consistency between spatial and parsed structure. This promotes parsed structure to first-class status, making persistent storage of it attractive; and, it ensures a consistent view of the parsed structure between collaborative users. For efficiency reasons, the spatial parser is incremental. An accompanying spatial editor shows the validity and utility of the approach."
3154184611,"Trailblazing the Literature of Hypertext: Author Co-citation Analysis (1989–1998)","Chen & Carr",3,0,17,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294486","Chaomei Chen, Les Carr","Chaomei Chen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294486","Author co-citation analysis, factor analysis, information visualisation literature, mapping","false","This paper presents the analysis and modelling of the literature of hypertext based on the ACM Hypertext conference series. This work explores a new paradigm of organising and accessing the vast amount of interrelated information. In the first study, a semantic space is automatically derived and visualised based on all the full papers published in this series (1987-1998). The second study, an author co-citation analysis of nine conference proceedings in the series (1989-1998), maps this substantial literature of hypertext in its entirety and in three evenly distributed sub-periods. Specialties - major research fronts in the field of hypertext - are identified using a factor analysis. Author co-citation maps are automatically generated as virtual worlds on the WWW to help people explore the literary legacy of hypertext "
3154184612,"Visualizing and Assessing Navigation in Hypertext","McEneaney",6,5,35,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294487","John E. McEneaney","John E. McEneaney","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294487","empirical validation, navigation metrics, navigation patterns, path analysis, user paths, visualization","false","User navigation has been a central theme in both theoretical and empirical work since the earliest days of hypertext research and development. Studies exploring user navigation have, however, tended to rely on indirect navigational measures and have rarely tried to relate navigation to performance solving problems or locating information. The purpose of this paper is to propose methods that lead to a more direct representation and analysis of user movement in hypertext and to empirically explore the relationship of resulting measures to performance in a hypertext search task. Results of this study support the claim that the proposed graphical and numerical methods have empirical significance and may be useful in applications related to assessing and modeling user navigation."
3154184613,"Hypertext-like Structures Through a SOM Network","Rizzo, Allegra & Fulantelli",0,1,4,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294488","R. Rizzo, M. Allegra, G. Fulantelli","R. Rizzo","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294488","Artificial neural networks, hypertext development","false","In this paper we describe a system whose main aim is supporting a hypertext author to classify and organize a large amount of documents; the system allows the author to have access to the documents with hypertext features, documents, an ordered document map in which a user can providing some access points and suggesting, for each document, the related ones. The system is an interesting search. In these works a semantic SOM network [3], was application of the Self Organizing Map network, a neural used to produce the document representation. Recently it has network widely used to organize multidimensional data; been shown that the TFIDF, a simple document specifically, it is based on two SOM networks, the first one is aimed at organizing collections of documents in “information maps” that display the relations between the content of the documents; the second one identifies access points and splits the maps into meaningful areas. Finally the author can edit both the list of access points and the map through a Web page editor, thus moving the misclassified documents in the right area."
3154184614,"A Computational Hypermedia for the Sergisai Project","Carrara, Musella & Zonno",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294490","Paola Carrara, David Musella, Gaetano Zonno","Paola Carrara","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294490","Computational applications, hypermedia","false","The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the main characteristics of the software system of the SERGISAI project, conceived as a hypermedia computational environment to maintain all the advantages of navigation, and to allow the user both to easily fire and control computational components and to access the project data and results."
3154184615,"Control Choices and Network Effects in Hypertext Systems","Whitehead",9,4,28,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294491","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294491","WWW, architectural control choices, monolithic hypertext, network effects, open hypertext","false","When the utility of a hypertext system depends on the number of users and amount of data in the system, the system exhibits network effects. This paper examines how the core differences in control assumptions between monolithic hypertext systems, open hypermedia systems, and the Web, lead to different incentive structures for readers and content providers and hence varying levels of network effects.
Significant results of this analysis are as follows. First, lack of control over the data in a hypermedia system, combined with a large-scale distribution infrastructure is a key aspect of achieving network effects, since this control choice affords large numbers of readers. Second, examination of network effects from the Web and monolithic hypermedia systems suggests that control over the user interface is a key contributor to network effects, since it provides a more pleasant experience for readers, and allows for more control over the presentation by content providers. Finally, control over the hypermedia structure provides a negative contribution to network effects, since the control point limits scalability, thus capping the total number of readers."
3154184616,"What Was the Question? Reconciling Open Hypermedia and World Wide Web Research","Nürnberg & Ashman",14,4,35,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294492","Peter J. Nürnberg, Helen Ashman","Peter J. Nürnberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294492","OHS, WWW, World Wide Web, open hypertext systems","false","This paper considers some of the issues surrounding the relationship between open hypermedia systems research and World Wide Web research. Both areas claim to address advanced hypermedia systems issues, but do so in quite different ways. Although there has been some cooperation between members of these fields, there is significant room for improvement. With both fields using much different approaches in what is ostensibly the same area, researchers often feel more need to justify their approach over others instead of looking for ways to synthesize their results. In this paper, we consider two “extremist” positions that caricature/characterize points of view held by some members of these fields, allowing each field to “make its case” as the “true” home of hypermedia systems research. We then reconcile these radically different perspectives, and in doing so, propose a framework that makes more apparent the contributions of each field and that we feel forms a basis for more fruitful cooperation."
3154184617,"Unifying Strategies for Web Augmentation","Bouvin",17,11,48,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294493","Niels Olof Bouvin","Niels Olof Bouvin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294493","Collaboration on the Web, Common Reference Architecture for open hypermedia systems, Java, Open Hypermedia Protocol, Open Hypermedia Systems, Unifying interfaces, Web Integration","false","Since the beginning of the WWW, tools have been developed to augment the functionality of the Web. This paper provides an investigation of hypermedia tools and systems integrating the World Wide Web with focus on functionality and the techniques used to achieve this functionality. Similarities are found and based on this, a new framework, the Arakne framework, for developing and thinking about Web augmentation is presented. The Arakne framework is flexible and supports most kinds of Web augmentation. Finally an implementation of the Arakne framework is described and discussed."
3154184618,"“Lector in Rebus”: The Role of the Reader and the Characteristics of Hyperreading","Calvi",2,7,25,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294495","Licia Calvi","Licia Calvi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294495","hyperreading, the reading agreement, the role of the reader, the “garbage axiom”, the “labyrinth challenge”","false","The paper focusses on the characteristics of reading and on the role of the reader in hyperfiction in order to determine whether the hyperreader is fundamentally different from the traditional reader and, if so, what form such a difference may take. Once we have identified which elements of hypertext rhetoric may have fostered reading, we could indeed start to better understand the intimate nature of a hypertext ecology.
Following Umberto Eco’s analysis “Six Walks in the Fictional Woods”, the paper focusses on a sample collection of hyperfictions, in order to determine whether hypertext exploits the same rhetorical concepts and techniques adopted in paper-based texts to foster reading. In particular, we want to examine hypertext structure in the light of a combinatorial calculus. Such a combinatorial calculus is what postmodcrn fiction has drawn from Borges’s original idea of the labyrinth and the interconnection of multiple paths. It determines the multiple potential ways to connect lexias and the reading agreement between reader and author which results from such a combinatorial structuring. Ultimately, the author’s writing strategy is revealed by this combinatorial embedding."
3154184619,"Piecing Together and Tearing Apart: Finding the Story in Afternoon","Walker",1,18,13,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294496","Jill Walker","Jill Walker","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294496","Criticism, hyperreading, hypertext fiction, hypertext structure, rhetoric, theory","false","This paper is a reading of a classic of hypertext narrative: Michael Joyce’s afternoon, a story. Several writers have discussed afternoon previously [I, 3, 4, 91. However I have chosen to explore afternoon from a different angle by using theories of narratology, especially Genette. In this reading, I explore ways in which the text confuses the reader but also the many stabilising elements that aid the reader to piece together a story."
3154184620,"Towards the Recognitiion of the Shell As a Integral Part of the Digital Text","Rau",0,2,7,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294497","Anja Rau","Anja Rau","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294497","computer games, digital literature, hyperfiction, metatext, paratext","false","Although the theory of hypertext fiction does not regard the Shell as a text, writers of digital fiction, have long started to blurr the boundaries between the Reader and the “main” text. Both interpreters of (fictional) hypertexts and programmers of hypertext-environments need to acknowledge this fact in order to accomodate current writing practices."
3154184621,"Beyond Location: Hypertext Workspaces and Non-linear Views","Shipman, Marshall & LeMere",4,4,17,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294498","Frank M. Shipman, III, Catherine C. Marshall, Mark LeMere","Frank M. Shipman, III","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294498","VIKI, analysis, fisheye views, information workspaces, interpretation, reduced document representations, visual languages, visualization","true","With the growth of the Web as a public information resource, users need workspaces to support the collection, evaluation, organization, and annotation of the materials they retrieve. These analytic workspaces should be designed for both the casual and professional analyst, keeping in mind that different environments may be appropriate for each type of use. In this paper, we derive a set of requirements from observations and reports on the use of information workspaces, coupled with observations of people performing analytical tasks. These workspace requirements include: (1) support for performing multiple simultaneous tasks; (2) a  variety of activity-based connections to information resources; (3) tailorable and manipulable reduced document representations; and (4) visualizations to help users manage screen space. We explore the trade-offs implied by these requirements using our implementation of multiple focus fisheye views as we have integrated them into the VIKI workspace."
3154184622,"Navigation Scheme for Interactive Movies with Linear Narrative","Vardi",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294500","Guy Vardi","Guy Vardi","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294500","digital video, hypermedia, interactive movie, navigation model, non-linear video","false","The article introduces an interactive movie navigation model, focused on some cinematic aspects of the movie, such as camera position, movement, and angle. The model preserves the linear structure of the narrative and creates a context-based navigation scheme. The interactive dimension of the project enables the viewer to explore the story through the characteristics of several points of view. The user‘s interaction is used to affect some cinematic conventions, while it does not interfere with the development of the plot."
3154184624,"Structure Analysis for Hypertext with Conditional Linkage","Réty",2,0,3,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294503","Jean-Hugues Réty","Jean-Hugues Réty","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294503","Conditional link, structure analysis","false","We propose a structure analysis and proof framework for hypertext with conditional linkage. This framework can provide hypertext systems with a powerful and simple tool to help the writer to maintain control over the browsing semantics of her hypertext. We briefly present the outline of a possible implementation in PROLOG."
3154184625,"Visualization of Relationships","Kumar & Furuta",2,0,9,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294505","Vijay Kumar, Richard Furuta","Vijay Kumar","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294505","Timelines, relationship visualisation, spatial hypertext","false","TmViewer allows the flexible graphical display and redisplay of object relationships, as well as the derivation of new relationships from existing ones. In this paper, we describe an extension to tmViewer to enable the implicit specification of relationships. These mechanisms, taken together, enable flexible exploration of the information space."
3154184626,"Improving Hypermedia Development: A Reference Model-based Process Assessment Method","Lowe, Bucknell & Webby",1,0,16,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294507","David B. Lowe, Andrew J. Bucknell, Richard G. Webby","David B. Lowe","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294507","Hypermedia, assessment, development, evaluation, improvement, methodology, process","false","If we are to improve our ability to reliably and consistently create high quality hypermedia applications then we need to improve our understanding of the development process and its relationship to the quality of the end applications. An important aspect in achieving this understanding is the ability to assess the process. This is in turn best facilitated by the use of a suitable process model. In this paper we discuss a model-based approach to the assessment of the development process of hypermedia applications. We propose a hypermedia development process reference model which guides the identification of suitable process quality attributes and subsequent assessment activities. We look at how this process assessment can be applied in improving development processes and hence hypermedia applications. We provide some examples that demonstrate the validity of the approach. The result is a technique which is capable of providing significant improvement in the development process and hence the quality of the applications which result from this process."
3154184627,"AHAM: A Dexter-based Reference Model for Adaptive Hypermedia","De Bra, Houben & Wu",3,18,23,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294508","Paul De Bra, Geert-Jan Houben, Hongjing Wu","Paul De Bra","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294508","","false"," Hypermedia applications offer users the impression that there are many meaningful ways to navigate through a large body of information nodes. This rich link structure not only creates orientation problems, it may also be a source of comprehension problems when users follow paths through the information which the author did not foresee. Adaptive techniques have been used by a number of researchers [1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,17,19,20,22] in an attempt to offer guidance through and orientation support for rich link structures. The majority of these adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) have been used in educational applications. The terminology used in this paper also has an educational “flavor”. However, there are some adaptive on-line information systems (or “kiosk”- systems), adaptive information retrieval systems, and other adaptive hypermedia applications.
In this paper we describe a reference model for adaptive hypermedia applications, called AHAM, which encompasses most features supported by adaptive systems that exist today or that are being developed (and have been published about). Our description of AHS is based on the Dexter model [l-5, 161, a widely used reference model for hypermedia. The description is kept somewhat informal in order to be able to explain AHAM rather than formally specify it. AHAM augments Dexter with features for doing adaptation based on a user model which persists beyond the duration of a session, Key aspects in AHAM are:
- The adaptation is based on a domain model, a user model and a teaching model which consists of pedagogical rules. We give a formal definition of each of these (sub)models (but only describe the pedagogical rules informally through examples).
- l We distinguish the notions of concept, page and fragment. In some AHS these notions are confused.
- We provide a formalism which lets authors write pedagogical rules (about concepts) in such a way that they can be applied automatically.
We illustrate various aspects of AHAM by means of some features of some well-known AHS [6, l0]."
3154184628,"Abstract Tasks: A Tool for the Inspection of Web Sites and Off-line Hypermedia","Garzotto, Matera & Paolini",2,0,20,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294510","F. Garzotto, M. Matera, P. Paolini","F. Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294510","EvaluationMethodology, Hypermedia Quality, Usability Inspection","false","This paper discusses a systematic method for inspecting the usability of on-line and off-line hypermedia. The core idea of our approach is the use of an organized list of Abstract Tasks to guide the inspector’s activity. An Abstract Task specifies a pattern of inspection operations that the evaluator is required to perform on some specific features of a hypermedia. Abstract Tasks capture our expertise in usability inspection, and express it in a precise and understandable form, so that it can be easily “reproduced”, communicated, and exploited. They help transferring usability expertise from experienced to inexperienced inspectors, and sharing know-how among different evaluators. Thus, different inspectors who systematically apply the same set of Abstract Tasks are more likely to come up with consistent results, and the overall quality of their inspection (in terms of completeness and accurateness of the findings) is greatly improved.
The paper briefly introduces the background of our approach and explains the rationale of Abstract Tasks. It also provides some examples of Abstract Tasks (out of the 43 currently defined) and of inspection results achieved by applying them to inspect WWW sites and commercial CD-ROMs."
3154184629,"Hypermedia Potentials for Analysis Support Tools","Lange",2,0,5,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294512","Douglas S. Lange","Douglas S. Lange","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294512","Analysis, Dexter, anchor, knowledge model, navigation, open hypermedia, perspective filtering, semantic network","false"," The analytical process in many domains is one of associating pieces of preexisting data to form new information. Where the individual data elements are multimedia files, database entries, and computer based models, hypermedia architectures provide natural support for such a process. This paper describes aspects of analysis support that dictate particular requirements in a hypermedia based system. Adaptations of techniques from published hypermedia research were indicated by these requirements. Key among these techniques were anchoring as presented in the Dexter model, perspective filtering and navigation from graph-based hypermedia, link typing from rich hypermedia, and the system structure of open hypermedia systems."
3154184630,"Individual Tables of Contents in Web-based Learning Systems","Seeberg et al.",0,1,3,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294513","Cornelia Seeberg, Achim Steinacker, Klaus Reichenberger, Stephan Fischer, Ralf Steinmetz","Cornelia Seeberg","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294513","adaptive hypermedia systems, domain models, guided tours, learning environment, multimedia, navigation","false","The iTeach project of the Darmstadt University of Technology builds a webbased adaptive hypermedia teaching and learning environment for multimedia and communication technology. Hereby, the demands of diverse user groups, user levels and especially of diverse learning strategies are taken into account. Besides information gained from the interaction with the user, the system uses standardized content relations and meta-information to adaptively compile a selection from the set of available information units (media bricks). A subset of the meta-information represents the compiled lesson on a high level and is presented to the learner as a dynamically generated table of contents. Subjects which are topics in one scenario can be subtopic in the next or not occur at all. Our approach can help closing the gap between free navigation and static guidance in an adaptive hypermedia system."
3154184633,"Audiovisual-based Hypermedia Authoring: Using Structured Representations for Efficient Access to AV Documents","Auffret et al.",6,3,38,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294620","Gwendal Auffret, Jean Carrive, Olivier Chevet, Thomas Dechilly, Rémi Ronfard, Bruno Bachimont","Gwendal Auffret","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294620","audiovisual, content indexing, hypermedia design, ontology, structured documents","false","In this article we introduce the notion of audiovisual-based hypermedia authoring systems, i.e. systems mainly using documents from digital audiovisual (AV) archives as a source for hypermedia authoring. After showing that traditional hypermedia models are ill-designed for specific constraints implied by such systems, we propose a change of approach. We present a model based on formal structured representations of the content of documents as it is done in the field of structured documents. Since a specific mode1 for the representation of AV content is needed. we introduce Audiovisual Event Description Inter$ace (AEDI), which provides a model for the description of AV documents. and an XML-based syntax for the exchange of such descriptions. We describe AEDI’s main concepts, how it can be related to a formal specification of the domain knowledge - called ontology - which allows efficient dynamic hyperlinking among elements. Finally, we describe the implementation of this mode1 for the production of AV based hypermedia at INA‘s production department."
3154184631,"Mix'N'Match: Exchangeable Modules of Hypermedia Style","Rutledge et al.",1,1,26,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294514","Lloyd Rutledge, Lynda Hardman, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Dick C. A. Bulterman","Lloyd Rutledge","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294514","Adaptable hypermedia, IMMPSs, presentation specification","false"," Making hypermedia adaptable for multiple forms of presentation involves enabling multiple distinct specifications for how a given collection of hypermedia can have its presentation generated. The Standard Reference Model for Intelligent Multimedia Presentation Systems describes how the generation of hypermedia presentation can be divided into distinct but cooperating layers. Earlier work has described how specifications for generating presentations can be divided into distinct modules of code corresponding to these layers. This paper explores how the modules for each layer of a presentation specification can be exchanged for another module encoded for that layer and result in the whole specification remaining well functioning. This capability would facilitate specifying presentation generation by allowing for the use of pre-programmed modules, enabling the author to focus on  particular aspects of the presentation generation process. An example implementation of these concepts that uses current and developing Web standards is presented to illustrate how wide-spread modularized presentation generation might be realized in the near future."
3154184632,"Do You Have the Time? Composition and Linking in Time-based Hypermedia","Hardman et al.",2,3,20,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294515","Dick C. A. Bulterman, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, K. Sjoerd Mullender, Lloyd Rutledge, Lynda Hardman","Lynda Hardman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294515","Amsterdam Hypermedia Model, SMIL, Time-based hypermedia, composition, links","false"," Most hypermedia models and systems do not incorporate time explicitly. This prevents authors from having direct control over the temporal aspects of a presentation. In this paper we discuss the concept of presentation time - the timing of the individual parts of a presentation and the temporal relations among them. We argue why time is necessary from a presentation perspective, and discuss its relationship with other temporal views of a presentation. We discuss the requirements and present our solution for incorporating temporal and linking information in a model of time-based hypermedia."
3154184636,"Interoperability Between Hypermedia Systems: The Standardisation Work of the OHSWG","Davis et al.",5,11,18,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294904","H. C. Davis, D. E. Millard, S. Reich, N. Bouvin, K. Grønbæk, P. J. Nürnberg, L. Sloth, U. K. Wiil, K. Anderson","H. C. Davis","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294904","Open hypermedia protocol navigational inter-face (OHP-Nav), interoperability, open hypermedia system (OHS), open hypermedia systems working group (OHSWG), reference architecture","false","The Open Hypermedia Systems Working Group (OHSWG) was formed at the second workshop on open hypermedia systems (OHS), held in April, 1996, in Washington, DC, in conjunction with the 1996 ACM Conference on Hypertext. The original purpose of defining an open hypermedia protocol for OHS clients has evolved into an effort to standardise general hypermedia systems work. This broader effort is driven by the desire to maximise the applicability of the last decade of hypermedia systems and infrastructure research.
This technical briefing will provide attendees with an overview of the state of the art of the OHSWG standardisation effort. This covers important areas such as communication interfaces (protocols), reference architectures and data models.
The OHSWG is proposing a set of services for different hypermedia domains, published as interface specifications. Several prototypic implementations for retrieving and navigating hypermedia objects using a standardised set of services (named the Open Hypermedia Protocol Navigational Interface, or simply OHP-Nav), are already operable.  A first demonstration of interoperability was presented at the ACM Hypertext ‘98 Conference in Pittsburgh.
 The aim of this technical briefing is to be present the most recent work of this effort including support for collaboration and dynamic service discovery and invocation allowing multi-user and/or computational systems."
3154184637,"The Application of a Hypermedia Research System in Industry","Heath et al.",2,0,5,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294907","Ian Heath, Wendy Hall, Richard Crowder, Gary Wills","Ian Heath","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294907","","false","The requirement for industrial strength hypermedia is well known [5]. If hypermedia is to be used in such an environment, then a great deal of work is required in integrating with the factory practices. This means any proposed model must be simple to maintain and implement whilst providing a real benefit for the organization as a whole. This technical briefing presents a new model for developing large scale, industrial hypermedia applications."
3154184638,"Electronic Tools for Dismantling the Master's House: Poststructuralist Feminist Research and Hypertext Poetics","Morgan",3,0,43,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294910","Wendy Morgan","Wendy Morgan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294910","audiovisual, content indexing, hypermedia design, ontology, structured documents","false","In recent years poststructuralist feminist researchers in the social sciences have questioned the norms of mainstream research epistemology, methodologies and writing. They have therefore sought alternative forms of text work to enact their concerns about the politics of researching and reporting on, for and with others. (A most radical example of this is Lather and Smithies, Troubling the Angels: Women Living with HIV/AIDS. ) Yet despite such congruneces between feminism and poststructuralism and between hypertext theory and poststructuralism, there have been no examples to date, in theory or practice, of convergence between post-feminist research in the social sciences and a poststructuralist hypertextuality. This paper describes such a hypertextual experiment, a reinscription of Troubling the Angels with additional materials. The point of this experiment is to inquire into the conditions of such writing and reading, and therefore to set an agenda for a future poetics of a poststructuralist feminist research hypertextuality. The paper explores such issues as associative linking, intertextual and intratextual juxtapositions, the unfixing of textual hierarchies in a “rhizomatic” text, non-sequential polylogic, multigeneric collage, and the role of the reader as textual agent."
3154184639,"The Lyrical Quality of Links","Tosca",3,4,8,"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Returning to Our Diverse Roots","HT '99","1999","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/294469.294911","Susana Pajares Tosca","Susana Pajares Tosca","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/294469.294911","Link, hypertext fiction, lyrical text","false","This paper argues that hypertext might be a lyric rather that a narrative form. It proposes the close examination of explicit links as the starting point for a study of hyperfiction rhetoric."
3154184641,"The Travails of Visually Impaired Web Travellers","Goble, Harper & Stevens",3,6,27,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336304","Carole Goble, Simon Harper, Robert Stevens","Carole Goble","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336304","hypertext, mobility, navigation, travel, usability, visual impairment, web","false","This paper proposes the inclusion of travel and mobility in the usability metrics of web design. Hypertext design and usability has traditionally concentrated upon navigation and/or orientation. The notion of travel extends navigation and orientation to include environment, mobility and the purpose of the travel task. The presence of travel aids are important for all users, but particularly so for those with a visual impairment. This paper presents the ground work for including travel into web design and usability metrics by presenting a framework for identifying travel objects and registering them as either cues to aid travel or obstacles that hinder travel for visually impaired users. The aim is to maximise cues and minimise obstacles to give high mobility as measured by the mobility index. This framework is based upon a model of real world travel by both sighted and visually impaired people, where travel objects are used for orientation, navigation, route planning and survey knowledge. Knowledge of the differences in travel between visually impaired and sighted people will enable the model to be used in assisting the design of better user agents and web content for visually impaired and other users."
3154184642,"An Orthogonal Taxonomy for Hyperlink Anchor Generation in Video Streams Using OvalTine","Smith, Stotts & Kum",12,6,23,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336306","Jason McC. Smith, David Stotts, Sang-Uok Kum","Jason McC. Smith","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336306","Hypervideo, automated anchor generation, collaboration, digital video, streaming video","false","As dynamically linked content follows the progression of statically linked media into the realm of video, new opportunities for link creation become apparent. In this paper we describe a real-time video hypermedia system with user-definable linkage areas, in a distributed collaborative environment. We also investigate the extension of such a system to automated link creation in video streams. In the process, we identify and describe orthogonal issues of hypervideo anchor creation. An example system, OvalTine, has been produced to illustrate several potential uses through configuration of an extended video conferencing application on the SGI O2 platform."
3154184643,"Generating Presentation Constraints from Rhetorical Structure","Rutledge et al.",6,2,26,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336308","Lloyd Rutledge, Brian Bailey, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Lynda Hardman, Joost Geurts","Lloyd Rutledge","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336308","Rhetorics, authoring, constraints, meta-structure, presentation generation","false","Hypermedia structured in terms of the higher-level intent of its author can be adapted to a wider variety of final presentations. Many multimedia systems encode such high-level intent as constraints on either time, spatial layout or navigation. Once specified, these constraints are translated into specific presentations whose timelines, screen displays and navigational structure satisfy these constraints. This ensures that the desired spatial, temporal and navigation properties are maintained no matter how the presentation is adapted to varying circumstances.
Rhetorical structure defines author intent at a still higher level. Authoring at this level requires that rhetorics can be translated to final presentations that properly reflect them. This paper explores how rhetorical structure can be translated into constraints, which are then translated into final presentations. This enables authoring in terms of rhetorics and provides the assurance that the rhetorics will remain properly conveyed in all presentation adaptation."
3154184644,"Reusable Hypertext Structures for Distance and JIT Learning","Spalter & Simpson",22,1,74,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336311","Anne Morgan Spalter, Rosemary Michelle Simpson","Anne Morgan Spalter","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336311","Components, design patterns, education, hypertext structure components, interactive graphics, spatial hypertext, structural computing, temporal hypertext","false","Software components for distance and just-in-time (JIT) learning are an increasingly common method of encouraging reuse and facilitating the development process[56], but no analogous efforts have been made so far for designing hypertext components that can be reused in educational offerings. We argue that such structures will be of tangible benefit to the online learning community, serving to offload a substantial burden from programmers and designers of software, as well as allowing educators without any programming experience to customize available online resources.
We present our motivation for hypertext structure components (HTSC) and then propose a set of pedagogical structures and their building blocks that reflect the categories of lecture, laboratory, creative project, playground, and game[36]."
3154184645,"Linking by Interacting: A Paradigm for Authoring Hypertext","Pimentel, Abowd, Ishiguro",13,3,35,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336315","Maria da Graça Pimentel, Gregory D. Abowd, Yoshihide Ishiguro","Maria da Graça Pimentel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336315","Augmenting, Authoring hypertext, Capturing, Linking, Presenting, User-hypertext interaction","false","Authoring hypertext structures has always been a difficult task. The cognitive overhead problem, well known from authors when creating structured hyperdocuments, has been tackled in a variety of forms. In this paper we advocate that capture-based systems should support flexible hypertext structures generated by linking by interacting operations. These include linking by capturing operations — which capture user-interactivity during a live session — and linking by augmenting operations — which allow the captured contents to be extended with complementary operations available outside the live session. We demonstrate how such combination leads to the generation of flexible hypertext structures by presenting our implementation in the educational domain."
3154184646,"Automatic Creation of Exercises in Adaptive Hypermedia Learning Systems","Fischer & Steinmetz",1,0,17,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336319","Stephan Fischer, Ralf Steinmetz","Stephan Fischer","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336319","Adaptive Hypermedia Systems, Hypermedia Learning, Knowledge Engineering, Sequencing of Course Material","false","In the last few years the automatic sequencing of course material became an important research issue, particularly with regard to the standardization of metadata for educational resources. Sequencing can help to generate hypermedia documents which match the learner’s needs at its best. However, the generation of exercises is in most cases done manually. In this paper we propose an approach to generate exercises in an automatic way, exploiting the information which is already included in the knowledge base used in many adaptive hypermedia systems."
3154184647,"Integrating Infrastructure: Enabling Large-Scale Client Integration","Anderson et al.",18,1,37,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336322","Kenneth M. Anderson, Christian Och, Roger King, Richard M. Osborne","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336322","client-integration-in-the-large, infrastructure integration, open hypermedia","false","The open hypermedia community has addressed issues of client integration—providing hypermedia services in third-party applications—over the past decade. As a result, a set of models and techniques has emerged to guide developers in the task of integrating hypermedia services into their applications. We argue that the logical next step for the open hypermedia community is to develop techniques for integrating massive numbers of clients in tandem. Our approach consists of integrating existing infrastructure mechanisms that are already used by numerous applications. We believe that integrating an underlying infrastructure can provide a basic level of hypermedia functionality to client applications while reducing the level of effort required of application developers. We present issues encountered in performing client-integration-in-the-large, discuss an experimental prototype of a specific infrastructure integration, and describe related work in this area."
3154184648,"Investigating Link Service Infrastructures","De Roure, Walker & Carr",5,2,22,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336325","David C. De Roure, Nigel G. Walker, Leslie A. Carr","David C. De Roure","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336325","LDAP, Whois++, directory services, distributed link service, link service, open hypermedia, query routing","false","Variations on the Distributed Link Service have now been deployed across a spectrum of hypermedia and multimedia projects. Although some implementations have utilised standard database technologies and hypermedia tools behind the scenes, most of the network services have been proprietary implementations. In this paper we discuss the motivation and requirements for a large scale, dynamic and open distributed link service using third party components, and explore the use of off-the-shelf services to provide the distributed infrastructure for link services. In particular we investigate HTTP, LDAP and Whois++ as candidate technologies."
3154184649,"A Pragmatics of Links","Tosca",8,7,32,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336327","Susana Pajares Tosca","Susana Pajares Tosca","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336327","context, hypertext, inferences, linguistics, link, movement of meaning, pragmatics","false","This paper applies the linguistic theory of relevance to the study of the way links work, insisting on the lyrical quality of the link-interpreting activity. It is argued that such a pragmatic approach can help us understand hypertext readers’ behavior, and thus be useful for authors and tool-builders alike."
3154184650,"Arguments in Hypertext: A Rhetorical Approach","Carter",4,6,31,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336332","Locke M. Carter","Locke M. Carter","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336332","Hypertext, argumentation, discourse, rhetoric","false","The qualities of non-sequentiality that make hypertext so appealing to writers and readers of informative and literary texts are also those that problematize arguments in the same settings. For a hypertextual argument to succeed, it should clearly employ the fundamentals of giving good reasons and ample evidence. But such an essay should also deal with the loss of control over order by making use of recent developments in rhetoric and argument theory. Specifically, the author presents concepts of informal logic, stasis theory, primacy/recency/repetition effects, spatial metaphors, and textual coherence as a starting point for building a rhetorical understanding of argumentation strategies in hypertext."
3154184651,"FOHM: A Fundamental Open Hypertext Model for Investigating Interoperability Between Hypertext Domains","Millard et al.",7,26,30,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336334","Dave E. Millard, Luc Moreau, Hugh C. Davis, Siegfried Reich","Dave E. Millard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336334","Component-based Open Hypermedia System (CB-OHS), Fundamental Open Hypertext Model (FOHM), Hypertext Domains, Interoperability, Open Hypermedia Protocol (OHP)","false","The Open Hypermedia Systems community has largely been concerned with the interoperability between hypertext systems that share the same paradigm. It has evolved a component based framework for this purpose, in which specific but incompatible middleware components are designed for each hypertext domain, such as navigational hypertext, spatial hypertext or taxonomic hypertext. this paper investigates the common features of these domains and introduces FOHM, a Fundamental Open Hypertext Model, which defines a common data model and set of related operations that are applicable for all three domains. Using this layer the paper explores the possible semantics of linking between different hypertext domains, and shows that each can introduce features which benefit other domains."
3154184652,"Naming As a Fundamental Concept of Open Hypermedia Systems","Tzagarakis et al.",6,4,37,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336338","Manolis Tzagarakis, Nikos Karousos, Dimitris Christodoulakis, Siegfried Reich","Manolis Tzagarakis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336338","Component-based Open Hypermedia System (CB-OHS), Naming System, Reference Architecture","false","Names play a key role in distributed hypertext systems, for two main reasons: Firstly, because accessing and managing system services require finding and locating the relevant components. Secondly, because managing structures between hypertext resources, such as nodes, anchors and links, requires that these resources are named and addressed.
We argue that naming services are endemic to hypertext systems and therefore, form a core part of any hypertext system’ s infrastructure. In particular, the current move towards interoperable component-based Open Hypermedia Systems (CB-OHS) demonstrates the need for naming components."
3154184653,"Hypermedia in the Virtual Project Room - Toward Open 3D Spatial Hypermedia","Mogensen & Grønbæk",6,3,37,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336340","Preben Mogensen, Kaj Grønbæk","Preben Mogensen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336340","3D Workspace, CSCW, Collaborative Virtual Environments, Open Hypermedia, Spatial Hypermedia","false","This paper discusses hypermedia aspects of the design of a Virtual Project Room. Based on ethnographic and participatory design studies of landscape architects’ and architects’ work, prototypes for a notion of virtual project rooms, supporting remote collaboration, is developed. Since (landscape) architects work with 3D objects and environments a natural first step is to design a virtual project room as a 3D virtual environment. The current prototype, Manufaktur, utilizes open hypermedia technology to integrate documents with design models in the virtual project room. Manufaktur provides hot-linking of arbitrary MS Windows documents into the virtual project room, it supports spatial arrangement and categorization of (sub) workspaces by means of proximity, and it provides “classical” open hypermedia linking between segments of documentation. Finally, support for two modes of tightly coupled collaboration in the virtual project room is being provided by means of a session management service. Based on the experiences from design of Manufaktur we discuss design issues for the integration of hypermedia and collaborative virtual environments."
3154184654,"Defining Logical Domains in a Web Site","Li et al.",3,1,14,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336345","Wen-Syan Li, Okan Kolak, Quoc Vu, Hajime Takano","Wen-Syan Li","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336345","Logical domain, WWW, domain boundary, link structures, site map","false","Each URL identifies a unique Web page; thus, it is viewed as a natural choice to use for organizing Web query results. Web search results may be grouped by domain and presented to users as clusters for ease of visualization. However, it has a drawback: dealing with large Web sites, such as Geocities, W3C, and www.cs.umd.edu. Large Web sites tend to yield many matches that leads to a few large, flat structured, and unorganized clusters. As a matter of fact, these sites contain Web sites of other entities, such as projects and people. Many pages in these sites are actually “logical domains” by themselves. For example, Web sites for projects at a university or the XML section at W3C could be viewed as “logical domains”. In this paper, we propose the concept of logical domain with respect to physical domain which is identified simply by domain name. We have developed and implemented a set of rules based on link structure, path information, document metadata, and citation to identify logical domain entry pages and their corresponding boundaries. Experiments on real Web data have been conducted to validate the usefulness of this technique."
3154184655,"Organizing Topic-specific Web Information","Mukherjea",5,1,25,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336346","Sougata Mukherjea","Sougata Mukherjea","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336346","Abstraction Hierarchy, Graph Algorithms, Information Visualization, Topic Management, World-Wide Web","false","With the explosive growth of the World-Wide Web, it is becoming increasingly difficult for users to collect and organize Web pages that are relevant to a particular topic. To address this problem we are developing WTMS, a system for Web Topic Management. In this paper we explain how WTMS collects Web pages for a topic and organizes them at various levels of abstraction. We also introduce the user interface of the system that smoothly integrates querying and browsing. Moreover, we present the various views of the interface that allow the user to navigate through the information space."
3154184656,"Clustering Hypertext with Applications to Web Searching","Modha & Spangler",6,2,26,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336351","Dharmendra S. Modha, W. Scott Spangler","Dharmendra S. Modha","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336351","cluster annotation, dimensional data, feature combination, hyperlinks, sparse data, toric k-means algorithm, vector space model","false","Clustering separates unrelated documents and groups related documents, and is useful for discrimination, disambiguation, summarization, organization, and navigation of unstructured collections of hypertext documents. We propose a novel clustering algorithm that clusters hypertext documents using words (contained in the document), out-links (from the document), and in-links (to the document). The algorithm automatically determines the relative importance of words, out-links, and in-links for a given collection of hypertext documents. We annotate each cluster using six information nuggets: breakthrough, review, keywords, citation, and reference. These nuggets constitute high-quality information resources that are representatives of the content of the clusters, and are extremely effective in compactly summarizing and navigating the collection of hypertext documents. We employ web searching as an application to illustrate our results."
3154184657,"The Pleasure Principle: Immersion, Engagement, Flow","Douglas & Hargadon",4,4,68,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336354","Yellowlees Douglas, Andrew Hargadon","Yellowlees Douglas","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336354","aesthetics, hypertext fiction, interactive narratives, reading","false","While few critics writing on readers and hypertext have focused on the affective pleasures of reading hypertext fiction or interactive narratives like Myst, those who assess the experience of reading them tend to assume interactive texts should be either immersive or engaging. This study uses schema theory to define the characteristics of immersion and engagement in both conventional and new media. After examining how readers’ experiences of these two different aesthetics may be enhanced or diminished by interface design, options for navigation, and other features, the essay concludes by looking beyond immersion and engagement to “flow, ” a state in which readers are both immersed and engaged."
3154184658,"Toward an Organic Hypertext","Kendall & Réty",3,3,25,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336356","Robert Kendall, Jean-Hugues Réty","Robert Kendall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336356","Hypertext literature, adaptive hypermedia, hypertext structure, organic form, theory","false","The Connection System is an adaptive hypermedia system for hypertext poetry and fiction. Its adaptive features can help maintain the large-scale structural integrity of the text that emerges during a reading, no matter what local navigational choices the reader makes. Authors can define structural components and specify adaptive behaviors for the textual and navigational elements within them. By establishing criteria for displaying links or text fragments conditionally, authors can encapsulate their understanding of structural possibilities to better guide the formation of the emergent structure without reducing the reader’s agency or freedom of interaction. The system models the reader’s knowledge of textual components and uses this model to guide adaptive behavior and give the reader a better sense of how structural elements are unfolding. We consider the problems involved with modeling the knowledge of a literary text, and we offer specific examples of how adaptivity can give the reader more control over the reading and make it more satisfying."
3154184659,"Hypertext Interaction Revisited","Golovchinsky & Marshall",5,4,21,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336358","Gene Golovchinsky, Catherine C. Marshall","Gene Golovchinsky","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336358","annotation, e-books, hypertext narrative, pen-based computing","false","Much of hypertext narrative relies on links to shape a reader’s interaction with the text. But links may be too limited to express ambiguity, imprecision, and entropy, or to admit new modes of participation short of full collaboration. We use an e-book form to explore the implications of freeform annotation-based interaction with hypertext narrative. Readers’ marks on the text can be used to guide navigation, create a persistent record of a reading, or to recombine textual elements as a means of creating a new narrative. In this paper, we describe how such an experimental capability was created on top of XLibris, a next generation e-book, using Forward Anywhere as the hypernarrative. We work through a scenario of interaction, and discuss the issues the work raises."
3154184660,"Finding Linking Opportunities Through Relationship-based Analysis","Yoo & Beiber",4,0,26,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336359","Joonhee Yoo, Michael Bieber","Joonhee Yoo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336359","World Wide Web applications, book store, hypermedia analysis, hypermedia design, relationship analysis, relationship attributes, relationship management","false","Many techniques exist for analyzing information domains in preparation for systems design. No systematic technique exists, however, for analyzing a system or domain in terms of its relationships. This is especially important for hypermedia and World Wide Web applications, which (should) provide a high degree of linking and navigational support. RNA (Relationship Navigation Analysis) provides a systematic way of identifying useful relationships in application domains. Developers can then implement each relationship as a link. Viewing an application domain from the relationship management point of view and modeling from a philosophy of maximum access provides a unique vantage point for application design. We present RNA and its generic relationship taxonomy, focusing upon their use for system analysis. We provide a long example in the domain of an on-line bookstore."
3154184661,"Ontology-supported and Ontology-driven Conceptual Navigation on the World Wide Web","Crampes & Ranwez",9,2,33,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336361","Michel Crampes, Sylvie Ranwez","Michel Crampes","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336361","Adaptive hypertext, WWW, XML, conceptual navigation, metadata, narration, ontology, time optimization","false","This paper presents the principles of ontology-supported and ontology-driven conceptual navigation. Conceptual navigation realizes the independence between resources and links to facilitate interoperability and reusability. An engine builds dynamic links, assembles resources under an argumentative scheme and allows optimization with a possible constraint, such as the user’s available time. Among several strategies, two are discussed in detail with examples of applications. On the one hand, conceptual specifications for linking and assembling are embedded in the resource meta-description with the support of the ontology of the domain to facilitate meta-communication. Resources are like agents looking for conceptual acquaintances with intention. On the other hand, the domain ontology and an argumentative ontology drive the linking and assembling strategies."
3154184662,"Automatically Generated Hypertext Versions of Scholarly Articles and Their Evaluation","Blustein",5,2,40,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336364","James Blustein","James Blustein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336364","Automated linking, Browsing, Digital library, Electronic journal, Evaluation, Hypertext, Information retrieval, Usability, World Wide Web","false","The overall objective of this work is to develop and evaluate ways of automatically incorporating hypertext links into pre-existing scientific articles. Some readers like hypertext even when it is not as useful to them as the linear document from which it was generated. Hypertexts must therefore be evaluated for usefulness and acceptability. We describe rules for making links and an experiment using two methods of applying those rules, to show how such rules should be evaluated, and to see if they truly help people. In addition to measures of performance we also collected measures of preference. The effectiveness of these links was evaluated by testing with people. Performance was determined by measuring the accuracy and inclusiveness of answers to questions about the article, and written summaries. Readers judged the quality of links (and thereby the quality of the rules used to forge them) and the overall effectiveness of the hypertext. Most readers did not read the entire articles in the time allotted. Readers had no preference for articles with or without novel link types, but they did have a strong preference for definition and structural links over (novel) semantic links. Readers of documents with only structural links had comprehension scores that were inversely proportional to their satisfaction ratings. No performance difference was detected."
3154184663,"XLink and Open Hypermedia Systems: A Preliminary Investigation","Halsey & Anderson",4,2,14,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336367","Brent Halsey, Kenneth M. Anderson","Brent Halsey","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336367","Chimera, World Wide Web, XLink, XML, open hypermedia export","false","XLink is an emerging Internet standard designed to support the linking of XML documents. We present preliminary work on using XLink as an export format for the links of an open hypermedia system. Our work provides insights into XLink’s suitability as a vehicle for extending the benefits of open hypermedia to the rapidly evolving world of XML."
3154184665,"More Than Legible: On Links That Readers Don't Want to Follow","Bernstein",4,4,18,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336370","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336370","animation, design, links, montage, navigation, patterns, rhetoric","false","Clear, complete, and accurate link descriptions may cause hypertext readers to avoid links we very much want them to follow. Link anchors must simultaneously explain what will happen after they are followed and why readers ought to follow them; this dual message may be conveyed through multivalence, montage, or collage."
3154184669,"Content Permanence via Versioning and Fingerprinting","Simonson, Berleant & Bayyari",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336383","Jonathan Simonson, Daniel Berleant, Ahmed Bayyari","Jonathan Simonson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336383","Content permanence, electronic publishing, hypertext referencing, security, versioning","false","Referencing documents on the Web is becoming increasingly popular due to the convenience provided to both readers and publishers. Unfortunately this convenience can become just the opposite when referenced documents are altered or removed. This lack of content permanence is of particular concern for works of lasting appeal. To address this problem, a scheme is proposed that both encourages content permanence and detects document version tampering."
3154184670,"Posties: A WebDAV Application for Collaborative Work","Feise",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336387","Joachim Feise","Joachim Feise","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336387","WWW, WebDAV","false","Collaboration among several groups in geographically distant locations is increasingly common in today’s workplace. However, managing this kind of collaboration tends to be a difficult and cumbersome task. The most common tool is the e-mail notification to keep the project members informed, and to distribute the workload among the project members. This paper presents WebDAV Posties, a tool designed to facilitate collaboration between geographically distant groups."
3154184671,"Designing User Interfaces for Collaborative Web-based Open Hypermedia","Bouvin",7,1,12,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336389","Niels Olof Bouvin","Niels Olof Bouvin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336389","Audio/Video conferencing, Event Notification, IRC Chat, OHSWG, Open Collaborative Hypermedia, Peripheral Awareness, Sessions, WWW, WebDAV","false","The paper presents the design of a user interface to support collaboration work in the Arakne Environment, a Web-oriented component-based open hypermedia system. The main objective of the user interface has been to provide a seamless integration between a single user and a collaborative work situation, and the paper describes how this has been accomplished, and how peripheral awareness can be supported using event-based notifications. The system utilises the Construct servers, which are Open Hypermedia Systems Working Group compliant."
3154184674,"Structure Problems in Hypertext Mysteries","Willerton",1,1,9,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336394","Chris Willerton","Chris Willerton","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336394","Hypertext, detective, hyperfiction, mystery, navigation patterns","false","Detective or mystery stories have always depended on linear storytelling. Can hypertext be nonlinear and still present a detective or mystery story? This paper analyzes how mystery stories work, examines one feasible structure for a hypertext mystery, and suggests hypertext opportunities for mystery writers. It concludes that the mystery reader’s expectations (rather than assumptions about hypertext) should determine structure."
3154184675,"From Cinematographic to Hypertext Narrative","Mancini",4,6,12,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336396","Clara Mancini","Clara Mancini","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336396","cinematography, juxtaposition, narrative","false","This paper argues that cinematographic language may provide insights into the construction of narrative coherence in hypertext. Brief examples of cinematic representation models are mapped onto the hypertext domain."
3154184676,"A Semiotic Analysis of iMarketing Tools","Neumüller",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336397","Moritz Neumüller","Moritz Neumüller","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336397","Internet, Marketing, Semiotics, eCommerce","false","This paper tries to point out current developments in the commercialization of the Internet and its various effects on the World Wide Web. Approaching Hypertext Theory from of the viewpoint of applied Semiotics, the author analyzes recently developed Internet Marketing Tools such as Banner Ad Keying and Keywords in Discussion Groups."
3154184677,"Analysis of the Authoring Process of Hypertext Documents","Pohl & Purgathofer",3,1,8,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336400","Margit Pohl, Peter Purgathofer","Margit Pohl","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336400","Hypertext authoring, concept maps, information visualization","false","This paper discusses the hypertext authoring process. The main focus lies in finding the kinds of activities authors of hypertext documents concentrate on. We describe a method to visualize the strategies and priorities of authors while creating a hypertext document, based upon protocol data."
3154184678,"Automatically Linking Multimedia Meeting Documents by Image Matching","Chiu et al.",3,1,9,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336403","Patrick Chiu, Jonathan Foote, Andreas Girgensohn, John Boreczky","Patrick Chiu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336403","Automatic linking, image matching, meeting capture, multimedia, paper interfaces, scanning, video indexing","false","We describe a way to make a hypermedia meeting record from multimedia meeting documents by automatically generating links through image matching. In particular, we look at video recordings and scanned paper handouts of presentation slides with ink annotations. The algorithm that we employ is the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Interactions with multipath links and paper interfaces are discussed."
3154184680,"Generating Instructional Hypermedia with APHID","Thomson, Greer & Cooke",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336492","Judi R. Thomson, Jim Greer, John Cooke","Judi R. Thomson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336492","XML, concept maps, instructional hypermedia, instructional patterns","false","We propose a method (APHID) that assists an instructional designer to define format, structure and sequence within an instructional hypermedia application. Our method uses concept maps and instructional patterns, as well as data, navigation, and presentation models to support partial automation for creating instructional hypermedia."
3154184682,"Personal Information Everywhere (PIE)","Carmeli, Cohen & Wecker",0,1,3,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336502","Boaz Carmeli, Benjamin Cohen, Alan J. Wecker","Boaz Carmeli","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336502","PDA, XML, client/server hypermedia system, mobile, pervasive computing","false","We present some of the issues in the design of a mobile hypermedia system with display on PDAs."
3154184683,"Navigational Correlates of Comprehension in Hypertext","McEneaney",2,0,7,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336504","John E. McEneaney","John E. McEneaney","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336504","comprehension, empirical validation, navigational metrics, navigational patterns, user paths","false","Despite a substantial literature on problems related to user navigation, we know remarkably little about the relationship between navigational strategies and successful use of hypertext. Revealing the complex interactions of navigational decision making and comprehension, however, will require objective, reliable, and empirically significant navigational metrics that go beyond the largely informal and indirect measures that have traditionally been used. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study that replicates and extends earlier work that defines and validates two objective navigational metrics [5]. Results of this study confirm the empirical significance of these metrics, support the reliability of their relationship to hypertext comprehension, and provide indirect support for a model of reading comprehension that postulates greater demands on higher-level processing in hypertext compared to traditional print."
3154184686,"A Development Environment for Building Component-based Open Hypermedia Systems","Wiil et al.",2,4,5,"Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Communities Centered Around Knowledge","HYPERTEXT '00","2000","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/336296.336507","Uffe K. Wiil, Peter J. Nürnberg, David L. Hicks, Siegfried Reich","Uffe K. Wiil","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/336296.336507","Construct development environment, development tools, hypermedia services","false","The Construct development environment is targeted at the construction of different types of hypermedia services. The primary goal of the environment is to ease the construction of component-based open hypermedia systems by providing development tools that assist the system developers in the generation of the set of services that make up a hypermedia system."
3154184694,"Fluid annotations in an open world","Zellweger et al.",12,6,37,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504224","Polle T. Zellweger, Niels Olof Bouvin, Henning Jehøj, Jock D. Mackinlay","Polle T. Zellweger","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504224","Arakne, Fluid Documents, Open Hypermedia, Web augmentation with open hypermedia","false","Fluid Documents use animated typographical changes to provide a novel and appealing user experience for hypertext browsing and for viewing document annotations in context. This paper describes an effort to broaden the utility of Fluid Documents by using the open hypermedia Arakne Environment to layer fluid annotations and links on top of arbitrary HTML pages on the World Wide Web. Changes to both Fluid Documents and Arakne are required."
3154184695,"The look of the link - concepts for the user interface of extended hyperlinks","Weinreich, Obendorf & Lamersdorf",7,4,47,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504225","Harald Weinreich, Hartmut Obendorf, Winfried Lamersdorf","Harald Weinreich","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504225","Web, XLink, distributed hypertext, link marker, user interface","false","The design of hypertext systems has been subject to intense research. Apparently, one topic was mostly neglected: how to visualize and interact with link markers.
This paper presents an overview of pragmatic historical approaches, and discusses problems evolving from sophisticated hypertext linking features. Blending the potential of an XLink-enhanced Web with old ideas and recent GUI techniques, a vision for browser link interfaces of the future is being developed. We hope to stimulate the development of a standard for hyperlink marker interfaces, which is easy-to-use, feasible for extended linking features, and more consistent than current approaches."
3154184696,"Trailist---focusing on document activity for assisting navigation","Reich & Gams",2,1,6,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504226","Sigi Reich, Erich Gams","Sigi Reich","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504226","Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM), component-based open hypermedia system (CB-OHS), framework, user trails","false","Trails are a long established concept of assisting users in searching and navigating hypertexts. However, existing trail-based systems are focusing on browsers only and therefore do not fully exploit the notion of trails. We propose trail-based systems to be open to any application and to any activity. For instance, printing a document from a word processor, posting a message in a newsgroup, or forwarding an attachment to a friend — using one’s favorite e-mail client — may well be part of a trail. “Trailist” is a framework supporting the development of these trail-based systems. Its name indicates that, similar to the way “Tour-ists” travel on tours, “Trail-ists” make their ways through vast information spaces."
3154184698,"Prototype mobility tools for visually impaired surfers","Harper, Goble & Stevens",3,0,6,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504229","Simon Harper, Carole Goble, Robert Stevens","Simon Harper","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504229","Mobility, implementation, prototype, visual impairment","false","In [1] we extended the notion of travel to include environment, feedback and the purpose of the current travel task. Specifically, we likened web use to travelling in a virtual space, compared it to travelling in a physical space, and introduced the idea of mobility - the ease of travel - as opposed to travel opportunity. This paper describes our continuing work in building a prototype mobility tool to address some of these issues."
3154184699,"Awt (Associative writing tool): supporting writing process with a ZigZag based writing tool---work in progress","Wideroos",2,1,14,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504230","Kimmo Wideroos","Kimmo Wideroos","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504230","GZigZag, ZigZag metastructure, set based hypermedia, spatial hypertext, supporting writing process","false","In this paper a sketch of a tool for supporting writing process is discussed as an example of an application using GZigZag framework. GZigZag as well as Ted Nelson’s ZigZag metastructure are introduced in a nutshell."
3154184700,"Building narrative structures using context based linking","Weal et al.",5,8,7,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504231","Mark J. Weal, David E. Millard, Danius T. Michaelides, David C. De Roure","Mark J. Weal","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504231","Adaptive Hypermedia, Context, Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM), Narrative, Open Hypermedia","false","This paper discusses initial progress in the construction of a hypertext short fiction engine using a context based link service. The link service, Auld Leaky, is based around the Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM). Context and behaviour are used to provide adaption in the story as well as progressing the narrative."
3154184702,"Card shark and thespis: exotic tools for hypertext narrative","Bernstein",9,22,36,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504233","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504233","Storyspace, fiction, hypertext systems, narrative","false","Card Shark and Thespis are two newly-implemented hypertext systems for creating hypertext narrative. Both systems depart dramatically from the tools currently popular for writing hypertext fiction, and these departures may help distinguish between the intrinsic nature of hypertext and the tendencies of particular software tools and formalisms. The implementation of these systems raises interesting questions about assumptions underlying recent discussion of immersive, interactive fictions, and suggests new opportunities for hypertext research."
3154184703,"And And: conjunctive hypertext and the structure acteme juncture","Rosenberg",17,5,45,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504235","Jim Rosenberg","Jim Rosenberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504235","","false","In conjunctive hypertext, activities are combined into a whole as opposed to being alternatives. A single localized construct may contain several actemes. Their relationship may be ambiguous, they may be peers, may have space relationships or time relationships. The conjunction must be actualized, by such devices as co-presentation, delegated presentation, peer traverse, and subscreening. An incomplete conjunction contains pending structure which must be indicated. Actemes may have generalized boolean relationships. Larger-scale conjunctivity is related to narration issues, gathering, and other issues related to secondary structure."
3154184704,"Hypertext structure as the event of connection","Miles",12,10,49,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504236","Adrian Miles","Adrian Miles","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504236","Links, cinema, context, excess, hypertext structure, pragmatics, rhetoric","false","This paper proposes that within the practice of writing small scale, local hypertext, critical questions of relevance to all hypertext researchers are foregrounded, in particular problems of excess, context, and teleological interpretation."
3154184706,"Out of nothing: in-depth hyperfication study","Kouper",3,0,7,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504238","Inna Kouper","Inna Kouper","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504238","criticism, hyperfiction, linking, literary analysis, patterns","false","Earlier works by G. Landow, J. D. Bolter, S. Moulthrop, E. Aarseth established hypertext literary theory as a valuable part of literary critique. Now it is necessary to go further and to study samples of hyperfiction. In this paper, a study of “I have said nothing” by J. Yellowlees Douglas is suggested. It uses general approach based on a content/form/linking triad. Each element of the triad will be described in connection with others."
3154184707,"Organizing shared enterprise workspaces using component-based cooperative hypermedia","Rubart et al.",7,4,31,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504240","Jessica Rubart, Jörg M. Haake, Daniel A. Tietze, Weigang Wang","Jessica Rubart","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504240","Shared hypermedia workspaces, cooperative hypermedia, extended enterprises, process support, software components, virtual enterprises","false","Cooperative work in Extended Enterprises needs a flexible shared workspace for team members to access and manipulate shared information objects in a well-coordinated working process. Current shared workspace systems do not adequately support the evolving character of shared workspaces as needed by Extended Enterprises, i.e. the dynamic cooperation processes, various kinds of shared information contents and the set of cooperative tools. In this paper, the usage scenarios and requirements developed in a European Extended Enterprise project are used to derive the requirements for shared enterprise workspaces.
Our approach utilizes component-based cooperative hypermedia to organize shared enterprise workspaces that contain team and process structures, information contents and their corresponding tools. The approach extends classical hypertext models to shared hypermedia objects as well as dynamic bindings between these and the Groupware Components working on them. To demonstrate the approach, a prototype system and a prototypical usage scenario are presented."
3154184708,"Multiple open services: a new approach to service provision in open hypermedia systems","Wiil, Hicks & Nürnberg",14,8,31,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504241","Uffe Kock Wiil, David L. Hicks, Peter J. Nürnberg","Uffe Kock Wiil","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504241","Construct, component technology, component-based open hypermedia systems, hypermedia, middleware services, open service provision","false","Over the past decade, hypermedia systems have become increasingly open, distributed, and modular. As a direct result of this, open hypermedia systems have been increasingly successful in providing middleware services such as linking to a large set of clients. This paper presents a new approach to service provision in open hypermedia systems based on the concept of multiple open services. The overall idea with multiple open services is to rethink the way in which services are provided to clients. The goal is to split up services into components, each of which provides a general, scalable, and functionally independent (orthogonal) service. This results in a highly flexible architectural framework that can serve as a vehicle to further investigate many of the open issues relating to open hypermedia systems. The approach can be viewed as a natural next step in the evolution towards more open, distributed, and modular hypermedia systems. The concept of multiple open services is described in detail, and a proof of concept implementation called Construct is presented."
3154184709,"Its about time: link streams as continuous metadata","Page, Cruickshank & De Roure",5,2,25,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504242","Kevin R. Page, Don Cruickshank, David De Roure","Kevin R. Page","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504242","metadata, open hypermedia, streamed media, temporal linking","false","As enabling technologies become available there is an increasing use of temporal media streams, such as audio and video, within a hypertext context. In this paper we present the rationale and requirements for delivering continuous metadata alongside the media stream, and focus on linking as our case study. We consider the mechanism for delivery of the metadata across a distributed system, the format and content of the metadata flow itself, and the presentation of the media and augmenting metadata to the user. Two initial proof of concept applications have been developed to demonstrate these concepts, which we describe. Finally we propose a framework for highly distributed delivery and processing of multicast continuous metadata, as a part of the infrastructure necessary to provide a more complete multimedia environment for hypermedia systems."
3154184710,"Creating a Web community chart for navigating related communities","Toyoda & Kitsuregawa",1,3,12,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504244","Masashi Toyoda, Masaru Kitsuregawa","Masashi Toyoda","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504244","Link analysis, Related web communities, Web community, World Wide Web","false","Recent research on link analysis has shown the existence of numerous web communities on the Web. A web community is a collection of web pages created by individuals or any kind of associations that have a common interest on a specific topic. In this paper, we propose a technique to create a web community chart, that connects related web communities, from thousands of seed pages. This allows the user to navigate through related web communities, and can be used for a ‘What’s Related Community’ service that provides not only the web community including a given page but also related web communities. Our technique is based on a related page algorithm that gives related pages to a given page using only link analysis. We show that the algorithm can be used for creating the chart by applying the algorithm to each seed, then using similarities of the results to classify seeds into clusters and to deduce their relationships. We perform experiments to create a web community chart of companies and organizations from thousands of seed pages. First, we improve the precision of an existing related page algorithm, Companion, and evaluated the improved version, Companion-, by an user study. Then the chart is created using Companion-. The result chart consists of web communities including related pages, and paths between related web communities. From the chart, we can find many web communities of companies classified by their category of business, and relationships between the communities."
3154184711,"The visual knowledge builder: a second generation spatial hypertext","Shipman et al.",4,22,16,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504245","Frank M. Shipman III, Haowei Hsieh, Preetam Maloor, J. Michael Moore","Frank M. Shipman III","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504245","distributed hypertext, history, hypertext applications, link types, navigation, spatial hypertext","true","The development of spatial hypertext systems was driven by the need to lower users’ effort of expression. Users express categories and interrelationships through the visual similarity and co-location of information objects. The ease of changing a visual property or moving an object makes spatial hypertext better suited to tasks where the information continually evolves. But the implicit nature of the structure poses challenges for tasks in which the authors and readers are not the same set of people. The Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB) includes the ease of expression of earlier spatial hypertexts while adding greater support for long-term collaboration and tasks requiring explicit links. VKB includes a history mechanism that records the evolution of the spatial hypertext and local, global, and historical links for explicit navigational connections between chunks of information. The mechanisms added to VKB make spatial hypertext applicable in a much wider variety of tasks. In particular, VKB’s global links enable wide-area distributed spatial hypertext using the existing infrastructure of the Internet. Versions of VKB have been in use for two years in tasks including note taking, writing, project management, and conference organization."
3154184712,"Facilitated hypertext for collective sensemaking: 15 years on from gIBIS","Conklin et al.",1,5,7,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504246","Jeff Conklin, Albert Selvin, Simon Buckingham Shum, Maarten Sierhuis","Jeff Conklin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504246","facilitated hypertext, knowledge management","false","This paper outlines the technical and social dimensions to a hypertext tool that has been successfully used in organizational settings to improve meetings, and capture group memory in real time. The approach derives from hypertext research systems from the mid-1980s-90s which sought to manipulate conceptual structures as hypertextual concept maps. However, many did not receive sustained use due to issues of cognitive overheads and representational inflexibility. Many decided that such tools would never fulfill their promise. The gIBIS system exemplified this early work, but has since evolved into a broader approach to collective sensemaking called Compendium. We outline Compendium, which demonstrates the impact that a hypertext facilitator can have on the learning and adoption problems that often ambush hypertext sensemaking tools before they have the chance to establish roots in work practice."
3154184713,"Interaction design for Web-based, within-page collection making and management","schraefel & Zhu",3,0,8,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504247","m. c. schraefel, Yuxiang Zhu","m. c. schraefel","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504247","Collections, Evaluation, Interaction Design","false","A common issue in Web browsing is how to manage information found while browsing or searching. The usual approach is either to bookmark an entire page when perhaps only one element is relevant, or to copy information from the page and paste it into a second application, such as a text editor. Neither approach is sufficient. Bookmarks over capture data; copying and pasting components implies that users must shift task focus from search tasks to information management tasks. This forced divided attention [8] between knowledge discovery and information management generally compromises both tasks. In this paper, we look at our iterative process to determine requirements for a tool to support the gathering process. In particular, we consider how these requirements have raised other issues about this interactive process, and how, by further evaluation, we hope to develop a richer Web-based design heuristics for within-page collections."
3154184714,"Experiences with Web squirrel: my life on the information farm","Simpson",4,3,6,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504249","Rosemary Michelle Simpson","Rosemary Michelle Simpson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504249","creativity support, information management, premature linking, spatial hypertext, workflow integration","true","Previous work has shown that spatial hypertext is a useful information management tool for dynamically changing environments where it is necessary to model emergent and volatile information structures. This paper describes several years of experience using Eastgate Systems’ Web Squirrel, a spatial bookmark manager, as a member of a suite of information management tools. It works together in conjunction with word processing, database, and index generation tools to provide a rich and effective Web-based working environment. Some its contributions include: information visualization, organization, and management, the avoidance of premature linking, and creativity support."
3154184715,"Hypermedia by coincidence","Thompson & De Roure",3,3,5,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504250","Mark K. Thompson, David C. De Roure","Mark K. Thompson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504250","Dynamic Link Services, Open Hypermedia, Peer to Peer systems, Pervasive Computing, Transient Web","false","We introduce an approach to linking hypermedia documents dynamically in a decentralised, peer-to-peer manner using resources that are available by coincidence, without explicit configuration. The particular approach presented utilises an open platform in combination with Distributed Link Service technology enabling dynamic hypertext generation."
3154184716,"PageRate: counting Web users' votes","Zhu, Hong & Hughes",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504251","Jianhan Zhu, Jun Hong, John G. Hughes","Jianhan Zhu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504251","Web link structures, Web log files, clustering, rating","false","We propose a PageRate method to give Web pages on a Web site ratings based on the Web link structure and user usage data, which are both recorded in the Web log files. The method is an improvement over PageRank [1, 6]. PageRate can be used to objectively evaluate the importance of pages. A PageClustering algorithm is proposed to cluster Web pages with similar incoming links and ratings. The results are used to integrate with search results returned by search engines."
3154184717,"Small-world linkage and co-linkage","Björneborn",0,1,11,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504252","Lennart Björneborn","Lennart Björneborn","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504252","WWW, citation analysis, co-linkage chains, knowledge discovery, link structure analysis, small-world phenomena, transversal links, web mining","false","The paper presents ideas from a current research project concerned with link structures and small-world phenomena on the WWW, with possible implications for knowledge discovery or ‘web mining’. The project includes case studies of so-called co-linkage chains consisting of co-linking and co-linked web nodes (analogous to bibliographic couplings and co-citations) in a context of researchers’ homepages and published bookmark lists. Key concepts are so-called transversal links and transversal co-linkages (on co-linkage chains) functioning as short cuts or ‘weak ties’ between heterogeneous subject domains and interest communities on the Web. According to a hypothesis in the project, transversal links make the Web more strongly connected and ‘crumpled up’ by creating small-world phenomena in the shape of short distances between nodes in the Web graph."
3154184718,"Hypertext and comics: towards an aesthetics of hypertext","Calvi",3,0,9,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504253","Licia Calvi","Licia Calvi","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504253","comics, hypertext theory, word and image","false","The paper aims at understanding how comic art rhetoric can be used to better understand hypertext, in an attempt to develop an aesthetics of hypertext."
3154184720,"Design issues for general-purpose adaptive hypermedia systems","Wu, de Kort & De Bra",1,2,12,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504256","Hongjing Wu, Erik de Kort, Paul De Bra","Hongjing Wu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504256","active databases, adaptation rules, adaptive hypermedia, confluence, termination, user modeling","false","A hypermedia application offers its users much freedom to navigate through a large hyperspace. For authors finding a good compromise between offering navigational freedom and offering guidance is difficult, especially in applications that target a broad audience. Adaptive hypermedia (AH) offers (automatically generated) personalized content and navigation support, so the choice between freedom and guidance can be made on an individual basis. Many adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) are tightly integrated with one specific application. In this paper we study design issues for general-purpose adaptive hypermedia systems, built according to an application-independent architecture. We use the Dexter-based AHAM reference model for adaptive hypermedia [7] to describe the functionality of such systems at the conceptual level. We concentrate on the architecture and behavior of a general-purpose adaptive engine. Such an engine performs adaptation and updates the user model according to a set of adaptation rules specified in an adaptation model. In our study of the behavior of such a system we concentrate on the issues of termination and confluence, which are important to detect potential problems in an adaptive hypermedia application. We draw parallels with static rule analysis in active database systems [1,2]. By using common properties of AIIS we are able to obtain more precise (less conservative) results for AHS than for active databases in general, especially for the problem of termination."
3154184721,"Linking in context","El-Beltagy et al.",9,6,27,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504257","Samhaa R. El-Beltagy, Wendy Hall, David De Roure, Leslie Carr","Samhaa R. El-Beltagy","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504257","Links, context, dynamic linking, information finding, link generation, navigation assistance, open hypermedia, software agents","false","This paper explores the idea of dynamically adding multi-destination links to Web pages, based on the context of the pages and users, as a way of assisting Web users in their information finding and navigation activities. The work does not make any preconceived assumptions about the information needs of its users. Instead it presents a method for generating links by adapting to the information needs of a community of users and for utilizing these in assisting users within this community based on their individual needs. The implementation of this work is carried out within a multi-agent framework where concepts from open hypermedia are extended and exploited. In this paper, the entities involved in the process of generating and using ‘context links’ as well as the techniques they employ to achieve their tasks, are described. The result of an experiment carried out to investigate the implications of linking in context on information finding, is also provided."
3154184723,"Personally tailored teaching in WHURLE using conditional transclusion","Moore, Brailsford & Stewart",0,5,12,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504259","Adam Moore, Timothy J. Brailsford, Craig D. Stewart","Adam Moore","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504259","Learning environment, XML, XSLT, adaptive hypermedia, transclusion","false","The emergence of Technology Based Learning has generated a number of pedagogic problems related to learner diversity.. In this paper we present an interim snapshot of a prototype XSLT / XML hypermedia learning environment able to respond adaptively to individual learner profiles using conditional transclusion."
3154184724,"Cognitive coherence relations and hypertext: from cinematic patterns to scholarly discourse","Mancini & Buckingham Shum",9,4,30,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504261","Clara Mancini, Simon Buckingham Shum","Clara Mancini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504261","Cognitive Coherence Relations, argumentation, cinematic rhetoric, logical and analogical relations, scholarly hypertext, semiotics","false","In previous work we argued that cinematic language may provide insights into the construction of narrative coherence in hypertext, and we identified in the shot juxtaposition of rhetorical patterns the source of coherence for cinematic discourse. Here we deepen our analysis, to show how the mechanisms that underpin cinematic rhetorical patterns are the same as those providing coherence in written text. We draw on computational and psycholinguistic analyses of texts which have derived a set of relationships that are termed Cognitive Coherence Relations (CCR). We validate this by re-expressing established cinematic patterns, and relations relevant to scholarly hypertext, in terms of CCR, and with this conceptual bridge in place, present examples to show how cinematic techniques could assist the presentation of scholarly discourse. This theoretical work also informs system design. We describe how an abstract relational layer based on CCR is being implemented as a semantic hypertext system to mediate scholarly discourse."
3154184725,"Hypertext and the scholarly archive: intertexts, paratexts and metatexts at work","Dalgaard",3,3,32,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504262","Rune Dalgaard","Rune Dalgaard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504262","Textuality, criticism, hypertext rhetoric, intertextuality, metatext, navigation, paratext, scholarly and scientific communication, theory, web","false","With the Web, hypertext has become the paradigmatic rhetorical structure of a global and distributed archive. This paper argues that the scholarly archive is going though a process of hypertextualization that is not adequately accounted for in theories on hypertext. A methodological approach based on Gerard Genettes theory of transtextuality is proposed for a study of the hypertextualized archive. This involves a rejection of the reductionist opposition of hypertext and the fixed linear text, in favor of a study of the intertexts, paratexts and metatexts that work at the interface between texts and archive. I refer to this as second-order textuality."
3154184726,"Linearity and multicursality in World Wide Web documentaries","Fagerjord",2,0,38,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504263","Anders Fagerjord","Anders Fagerjord","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504263","Barthes, Genette, Linearity, Nelson, Web, Web design, disposition, film, focalisation, linking, multicursality, narrative, narratology, nonlinearity, print, rhetoric, semiotics, television, text","false","Are non-fiction Web sites nonlinear like literary hypertexts, or linear like film and print? A study of magazine articles, television documentaries and Web sites by the National Geographic Society reveals that in spite of linking, the Web sites make just as linear reading experiences as the older media, although less creative. The study gives nuance to conceptions of linearity and nonlinearity by studying what linearity really is, thus setting nonlinearity in relief. A number of techniques to tie gaps in the reading line together are identified in films and articles. It is argued that by using these techniques in linking, both better reading experiences and less linearity in Web sites could be achieved."
3154184727,"Design spaces for link and structure versioning","Whitehead",10,4,38,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504265","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504265","Hypertext versioning, configuration management, containment, link and structure versioning","false","This paper reflects upon existing composite-based hypertext versioning systems, and presents two high-level design spaces that capture the range of potential choices in system data models for versioning links, and versioning hypertext structure. These two design spaces rest upon a foundation consisting of a containment model, describing choices for containment in hypertext systems, and the design space for persistently recording an object’s revision history, with applicability to all versioning systems. Two example points in the structure versioning design space are presented, corresponding to most existing composite-based hypertext versioning systems. Using the presented design spaces allows the data models of existing hypertext versioning systems to be decomposed and compared in a principled way, and provides new system designers significant insight into the design tradeoffs between various link and structure versioning approaches."
3154184728,"Perception of content, structure, and presentation changes in Web-based hypertext","Francisco-Revilla et al.",3,2,15,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504266","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Frank M. Shipman III, Richard Furuta, Unmil Karadkar, Avital Arora","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504266","Walden’s Paths, fluid documents, managing fluid Web pages, meta-document, perception of change","false","The Web provides access to a wide variety of information but much of this information is fluid; it changes, moves, and occasionally disappears. Bookmarks, paths over Web pages, and catalogs like Yahoo! are examples of page collections that can become out-of-date as changes are made to their components. Maintaining these collections requires that they be updated continuously. Tools to help in this maintenance require an understanding of what changes are important, such as when pages no longer exist, and what changes are not, such as when a visit counter changes. We performed a study to look at the effect of the type and quantity of change on people’s perception of its importance. Subjects were presented pairs of Web pages with changes to either content (e.g., text), structure (e.g., links), or presentation (e.g., colors, layout). While changes in content were the most closely connected to subjects perceptions of the overall change to a page, subjects indicated a strong desire to be notified of structural changes. Subjects only considered the simultaneous change of many presentation characteristics as important."
3154184729,"An approach to persistence of Web resources","Feise",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504267","Joachim Feise","Joachim Feise","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504267","Persistence, Versioning, WWW","false","The growth of the World Wide Web holds great promise for universal online information access. New information is constantly being made available for users. However, the information accessible on the Web changes constantly. These changes may occur as modifications to both the content and the location of previously existing Web resources. As these changes occur, the accessibility to past versions of such Web resources is often lost. This paper presents an approach to provide content persistence of Web resources by organizing collections of historical Web resources in a distributed configuration management system to allow online, read-only access to the versioned resources."
3154184730,"Hypertext and knowledge management","Ricardo",4,2,32,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504269","Francisco J. Ricardo","Francisco J. Ricardo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504269","Hypertext, representation, rhetoric","false","This paper is a functional survey of knowledge management systems and characteristics from the standpoint of the contribution and relevance of hypertext to this discipline. There is the description of a typical KM architecture as well as some of the current KM and KM-like systems deployed in production at large corporations. This discussion will introduce the perceptions of KM and then emphasize the role of hypertext systems in tackling problems in processing distributed and collaborative knowledge. Although at the moment, hypertext is not seen as an architectural component of KM systems, its potential as an epistemic aid presents opportunities. Finally, I will show the appropriateness of hypertext research to KM development."
3154184731,"Open hypermedia as a navigational interface to ontological information spaces","Weal et al.",9,3,31,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504270","Mark J. Weal, Gareth V. Hughes, David E. Millard, Luc Moreau","Mark J. Weal","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504270","Agent Based Systems, Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM), Ontological Information Spaces","false","Ontologies provide a powerful tool for distributed agent-based information systems. However, in their raw form they can be difficult for users to interact with directly. Different query architectures use structured query languages as an interface but these still require the users to have an expert understanding of the underlying ontologies.
By using an Open Hypermedia model as an interface to an ontological information space, users can interact with such a system using familiar browsing and navigation techniques, which are translated into queries over the underlying information. Coupled with dynamic document generation, this allows complicated queries to be made without the user having to interact directly with the ontologies.
Our key contribution is a notion of hypermedia links between concepts and queries within an ontological information space. This approach is demonstrated with a Dynamic CV application built around the SoFAR agent framework and the Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM). In addition to abstracting the interface, Open Hypermedia allows alternative linkbases to be used to represent different “query recipes”, providing different views and navigational experiences to the user."
3154184732,"Hypertext in the semantic web","Miles-Board et al.",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504271","Timothy Miles-Board, Simon Kampa, Leslie Carr, Wendy Hall","Timothy Miles-Board","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504271","Navigation, Ontological Hypertext, Ontologies, Semantic Web","false","The Semantic Web extends the current state of the Web with well-defined meaning. We advocate the use of ontological hypertext as an application of the Semantic Web to provide a principled and structured approach to navigating the resources on the Web. This paper demonstrates how we have applied this concept to two real-world scenarios."
3154184734,"Website link structure evaluation and improvement based on user visiting patterns","Zhou et al.",0,1,3,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504274","Baoyao Zhou, Jinlin Chen, Jin Shi, Hongjiang Zhang, Qiufeng Wu","Baoyao Zhou","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504274","User Visiting Pattern, evaluation, improvement, website link structure","false","Link structure evaluation and improvement is a significant hard problem for Hypertext system. In this paper a novel approach for evaluating and improving website link structure based on User Visiting Patterns instead of complex semantic analysis is proposed. By optimizing and re-evaluating the link structure to increase the Average Connectivity, our approach can effectively improve website link structure. Experiments have shown satisfactory results."
3154184735,"A hypertext metric based on huffman coding","Coulston & Vitolo",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504275","Chris Coulston, Theresa M. Vitolo","Chris Coulston","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504275","Hypertext metric, user navigation","false","Current research has established a relationship between user navigation behavior and outcome measures. This paper presents a metric designed to compare the depth of user navigation against a theoretically optimum behavior; measured using Huffman codes. The application of the metric to an example problem is presented."
3154184737,"Improvement of Web retrieval by the use of contextual information of pages","Aguiar & Beigbeder",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504277","Fernando Aguiar, Michel Beigbeder","Fernando Aguiar","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504277","Hypertext Information Retrieval, Link Analysis, Web Search Engines","false","This work suggests a new model of Information Retrieval System for searching information in hypertexts representing web sites. The model is based on the construction of a 2-component index. One component concerns the HTML pages individually. The other one concerns the context of the pages. The assumed premise is that the textual content of a HTML page is not sufficient for a indexing process to extract the information that the page conveys. By the use of both local and complementary content when indexing pages, the quality of their index is improved and so is the effectiveness of the search engine."
3154184738,"Towards the prediction of development effort for hypermedia applications","Mendes, Counsell & Mosley",2,0,25,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504278","Emilia Mendes, Steve Counsell, Nile Mosley","Emilia Mendes","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504278","case-based reasoning, effort prediction, hypermedia development","false","Accurate estimates of development effort play an important role in the successful management of larger hypermedia development projects. By applying measurement principles to measure characteristics of the applications and their development processes, feedback can be obtained to help understand, control and improve future applications and corresponding processes.
The objective of this paper is to describe the application of case-based reasoning to estimating the effort for developing hypermedia applications. The data used in the estimation process was obtained through an experiment where effort and size metrics were collected.
We have shown that case-based reasoning is a candidate technique to effort estimation and, with the aid of an automated environment, can be applied to hypermedia development effort prediction."
3154184739,"WebDAV and DeltaV: collaborative authoring, versioning, and configuration management for the Web","Whitehead",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504280","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504280","","false","WebDAV and DeltaV are application-layer network protocols that provide capabilities for remote collaborative authoring, metadata management, version control, and configuration management. Both protocols extend the core protocol of the Web, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP 1.1). WebDAV adds operations for overwrite prevention, properties, and namespace management, while DeltaV builds upon WebDAV to offer versioning (checkout and checkin), autoversioning, workspaces, activities, and configuration management.
See https://web.archive.org/web/20011216232016fw_/http://www.ht01.org/tech.html"
3154184740,"ZigZag (Tech briefing)","Nelson",0,2,0,"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '01","2001","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/504216.504281","Theodor Holm Nelson","Theodor Holm Nelson","Technical Briefing","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/504216.504281","","false","Computers today basically simulate two things: hierarchy and paper. Hierarchy has been carefully put into the structure of computer files because those who did so considered it right and natural and the only way. Paper has been simulated in the structure of computers because it seemed right and natural and the only way. I believe both of these are forms of imprisonment that constrict and warp our work and our thinking.
Adobe Acrobat and the World Wide Web simulate *both* hierarchy and paper—hierarchy on the left, paper on the right. Acrobat does this in a single package; the Web does it via the URL (which follows the domain name with a hierarchical directory path, then ends in a simulation of paper such as an HTML file). And both these formats glorify appearance over the management of content flow, representing, as it were, the triumph of typesetters over authors.
I would like to propose principled alternatives to both hierarchy and paper.
See https://web.archive.org/web/20011216232016fw_/http://www.ht01.org/tech.html.
[no references]"
3154184747,"Map-based horizontal navigation in educational Hypertext","Brusilovsky & Rizzo",6,3,31,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513345","Peter Brusilovsky, Riccardo Rizzo","Peter Brusilovsky","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513345","Horizontal navigation, Self Organizing Map, concept-based navigation, electronic textbook, map-based navigation, similarity navigation","false","This paper discusses the problem of horizontal (non-hierarchical) navigation in modern educational courseware. We will look at why horizontal links disappear, how to support horizontal navigation in modern hyper-courseware, and our earlier attempts to provide horizontal navigation in Web-based electronic textbooks. Here, we present map-based navigation - a new approach to support horizontal navigation in open corpus educational courseware that we are currently investigating. We will describe the mechanism behind this approach, present a system KnowledgeSea that implements this approach, and provide some results of a classroom study of this system."
3154184748,"The hypercontext framework for adaptive Hypertext","Staff",3,0,22,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513346","Christopher D Staff","Christopher D Staff","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513346","Adaptive hypertext, context, user modelling","false","We present HyperContext, a framework for adaptive and adaptable hypertext. Our fundamental premise is that when people encounter the same document, each may interpret the information it contains differently. Usually, the interpretations are not available to future users of the same information. HyperContext permits users to make these interpretations explicit, and provides support to structure hyperspace around interpretations of documents, rather than around the documents themselves. When a user browses through hyperspace, a document’s context is used to determine which interpretation to present to the user. We also derive a user model of the user’s short-term interests, by first representing the user’s interest in the current document as a salient interpretation before combining it with the salient interpretations of other documents accessed by the user on the same path of traversal. This paper describes the adaptive features of the HyperContext framework, and presents the results of an initial evaluation of one of the features."
3154184749,"AHA! the next generation","De Bra et al.",2,0,7,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513347","Paul De Bra, Ad Aerts, David Smits, Natalia Stash","Paul De Bra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513347","Adaptive hypermedia, adaptation engine, condition-action rules","false","AHA! is a simple Web-based adaptation engine that was originally developed to support an on-line course. This paper describes AHA! version 2.0, a new major release that aims to significantly increase the adaptive versatility of AHA! without sacrificing AHA!’s simplicity that makes it easy to use. The new features in AHA! are inspired by AHAM [4], a Dexter [6] based reference model for adaptive hypermedia systems."
3154184750,"Applying programmable browsing semantics within the context of the World-Wide Web","Furuta & Na",1,1,3,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513348","Richard Furuta, Jin-Cheon Na","Richard Furuta","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513348","Petri-net-based hypertext, Trellis, caT, context-aware hypertext, responsive hypertext","false","We discuss application of \caT\ (context-aware Trellis), which extends the Trellis Petri-net-based model of hypertext, towards specification of Web-browsable hypertexts that respond to factors that occur during their use. In addition to characteristics such as a reader’s role (e.g., student, teacher, administrator, or parent) and the reader’s browsing history, we also include factors that may not have been incorporated as directly before, such as measures of the external environment and the attributes/actions of other simultaneous readers. We use the term “responsive” hypertext to reflect the wide range of relevant factors."
3154184751,"Semantics happen: knowledge building in spatial hypertext","Shipman et al.",12,10,40,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513350","Frank Shipman, J. Michael Moore, Preetam Maloor, Haowei Hsieh, Raghu Akkapeddi","Frank Shipman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513350","incremental formalization, mixed-initiative dialogs, spatial hypertext, spatial parser, suggestion-based interfaces, visual language","true","Hypertext represents ideas through chunks of text or other media interconnected by relations, typically navigational links. The similarity to knowledge representations such as frames and semantic nets has led to much effort in using hypertext systems for knowledge representation and extending hypertext systems to make them able to express more. This work has met with limited success due to difficulties including the tacit and situated nature of much knowledge. Instead of viewing knowledge expression as an all at once event, we view it as a constructive process, i.e. knowledge building. The Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB) lets users express content via visual or textual means and later formalize that content in the form of attributes, values, types, and relations. VKB proactively supports this process through a set of suggestion agents whose interaction with the user is mediated by the suggestion manager. Preliminary evaluation of the suggestion manager and suggestion agents yields positive results but further confirms that there is no “silver bullet” for knowledge engineering—semantic expression is most likely to happen during, and is driven by, task performance."
3154184752,"Spatial Hypertext for linear-information authoring: Interaction design and system development based on the ART Design principle","Yamamoto, Nakakoji & Aoki",3,3,27,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513351","Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Kumiyo Nakakoji, Atsushi Aoki","Yasuhiro Yamamoto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513351","Spatial hypertext, cognitive models, external representations, instrumental interaction, interaction design, the ART (Amplifying Representational Talkback) principle","true","We have developed a series of spatial hypertext systems that support early stages of linear-information authoring, such as paper writing and movie editing. They are designed based on the ART (Amplifying Representational Talkback) principle, which emphasizes the importance of visual interaction and the power of external representations. The systems use spatial hypertext not as a medium for representing final artifacts but as a means of interacting with linear information during an authoring process. This paper first describes the role and the effect of the spatial hypertext representation plays in support of early stages of authoring linear information, and explains the ART interaction model for the approach. The ART#001 system, which supports early stages of writing, is described in detail and the other three ART systems are used to illustrate the essential aspects of our approach. The paper concludes with a discussion on the semiotic interpretation of spatial hypertext as a representation, and on the innovative use of spatial hypertext as an instrument to compose information, rather than as an information medium."
3154184753,"Reading and writing fluid Hypertext Narratives","Zellweger, Magen & Newman",3,7,32,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513353","Polle T. Zellweger, Anne Mangen, Paula Newman","Polle T. Zellweger","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513353","Fluid Documents, Fluid Reader, Fluid Writer, Fluid hypertext, authoring, hypertext narrative, stretchtext, treetable, visualization","false","We describe a new way to present and author hypertext narratives. The Fluid Reader constructs a unified interactive text from the content of multiple nodes and allows a reader to explore alternative paths within it. The Fluid Reader has been available as a hands-on museum exhibit for nearly a year to date, where it has been enjoyed by readers of all ages. Its success has prompted further interest and development in Fluid hypertexts. We have designed and implemented an authoring tool called the Fluid Writer that uses a new treetable visualization to help authors construct and manage alternative paths in a Fluid hypertext. Finally, an exploration of the narrative implications of Fluid hypertext suggests that it may be more suitable than conventional hypertext for formulaic fictions such as mystery stories."
3154184754,"Graphical notations, narratives and persuasion: a Pliant Systems approach to Hypertext Tool Design","Emmet & Cleland",7,0,26,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513354","Luke Emmet, George Cleland","Luke Emmet","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513354","Hypertext argumentation, Pliant systems, field experience, graphical notation, safety cases, safety related systems, technology adoption, usability","false","The Adelard Safety Case Editor (ASCE) is a hypertext tool for constructing and reviewing structured arguments. ASCE is used in the safety industry, and can be used in many other contexts when graphical presentation can make argument structure, inference or other dependencies explicit. ASCE supports a rich hypertext narrative mode for documenting traditional argument fragments. In this paper we document the motivation for developing the tool and describe its operation and novel features. Since usability and technology adoption issues are critical for software and hypertext tool uptake, our approach has been to develop a system that is highly usable and sufficiently “pliant” to support and integrate with a wide range of working practices and styles. We discuss some industrial application experience to date, which has informed the design and is informing future requirements. We draw from this some of the perhaps not so obvious characteristics of hypertext tools which are important for successful uptake in practical environments."
3154184755,"On writing sculptural Hypertext","Bernstein, Millard & Weal",5,15,12,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513355","Mark Bernstein, David E. Millard, Mark J. Weal","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513355","Authoring, Context, Hypermedia Structure, Narrative, Sculptural Hypertext","false","Sculptural hypertext is proposed as an alternative domain for hypertext writing, proceeding chiefly by the removal of links rather than by adding links to an initially unlinked text. Relatively little is known about authoring sculptural hypertexts. This paper examines some issues that arise in the course of composing sculptural hypertexts and proposes tools which might help support such designs."
3154184756,"How do interactive texts reflect interactive functions?","Laine",3,0,7,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513356","Päivö Laine","Päivö Laine","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513356","hypertext, interface, linguistics, links, navigation, semantics, usability","false","The purpose of strings of text that are embedded in hyperlinks, buttons and other interactive elements on Web pages is to inform the user of the interactive function and its effects. The explicitness of these i-texts, such as link anchors or button labels, depends on their linguistic structure. I-texts that profile a process and contain a verb are more explicit than labels with a nominal profile. Clicking an i-text, an acteme, may have different interactive effects. The explicitness of the i-text seems to correlate with the impact of the interactive function, but the degree of interaction that the target page requires is not reflected clearly in the linguistic form of the i-text."
3154184742,"Peer-to-peer Hypertext","Wiil et al.",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513339","Uffe K. Wiil, Niels Olof Bouvin, Deena Larsen, David C. De Roure, Mark K. Thompson","Uffe K. Wiil","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513339","","false","Over the past several decades, hypertext system architectures have evolved from the early monolithic systems to the middleware-oriented, component-based, and open systems of today [7].
The current trend is to provide hypertext structuring services wrapped in components with well-defined interfaces [6]. The dominant form of relationships between services in these massively distributed environments continues to be the traditional client-server based one.
Recently, a peer-to-peer based approach to hypertext systems has been discussed as an alternative to the client-server based approach [1,2,3,4].
The peer-to-peer approach can be traced back to the visionary work at Xerox PARC on ubiquitous computing starting in 1988 [5]. Since then several related and overlapping terms have been introduced to characterize this new approach such as pervasive computing, mobile computing, wireless networks, ad hoc networks, peer-to-peer networks, etc.
This panel will try to identify, clarify, and discuss some of the issues and potential benefits involved in peer-to-peer hypertext. The panel will examine the issues from different perspectives: from the perspective of hypertext system developers, hypertext authors (writers), and hypertext readers.
[no references]"
3154184757,"Links and power: the political economy of linking on the Web","Walker",1,1,14,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513358","Jill Walker","Jill Walker","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513358","Blogdex, Google, Links, accessibility, community, knowledge, politics, power, search engines, survival, theory, weblogs","false","Search engines like Google interpret links to a web page as objective, peer-endorsed and machine-readable signs of value. Links have become the currency of the Web. With this economic value they also have power, affecting accessibility and knowledge on the Web."
3154184758,"Evidence of Hypertext in the scholarly archive","Brody, Carr & Harnad",1,2,4,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513359","Tim Brody, Leslie Carr, Stevan Harnad","Tim Brody","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513359","Textuality, hypertext rhetoric, navigation, scholarly and scientific communication, web","false","This paper attempts to substantiate recent observations about the development of hypertext rhetoric in scholarly archives by reporting the results of some simple quantitative studies of the use by researchers of a major scholarly archive."
3154184759,"Looking for linking: associative links on the Web","Miles-Board, Carr & Hall",1,3,5,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513360","Timothy Miles-Board, Leslie Carr, Wendy Hall","Timothy Miles-Board","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513360","Associative Linking, Internet Archive, Link Taxonomies","false","Non-trivial hypertexts (containing more than one node) use links to implement their internal structure. On the Web navigation bars have become ubiquitous, defining functional regions on a web page that expose a site’s primary structure, listing nearby pages or media (home page, next page, previous page, search, related links).
By contrast, associative linking [2] takes place in the content regions of Web pages and may be used to interlink related concepts from the domain semantics, expose argumentation structures, add glossary functions or reveal instructional components according to various secondary informational schemas or controlling “applications”.
In this paper we describe an attempt to identify the latter kind of links on the World Wide Web, as the preliminary stage of recognising and classifying “good” linking practices that go beyond the merely organisational infrastructure common to the Web.
These associative linking practises are exemplified by NASA’s Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) archive1, a popular website which illustrates and discusses different astrological phenomena. Each day’s text is linked to relevant information from previous days, and also to external educational and scientific Web pages which explain or illustrate any key phrases and technical terms used in the text. The authors of the site explain that each text is “written explicitly to be linked”, with the content “constructed as an abstract, with links providing all the detailed or background information required by the various readership profiles.”"
3154184760,"On the characteristics of scholarly annotations","Furuta & Urbina",1,1,6,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513361","Richard Furuta, Eduardo Urbina","Richard Furuta","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513361","Annotations, Cervantes Project, Digital libraries, Electronic Variorum Edition","false","We report on our observations of annotations for use in scholarly communication, rather than for use as personal artifact. Scholarly annotations reflect uses that predate digital representations and benefit from formalized structure. Scholarly annotations may originate from a broader set of sources than personal annotations, and their association with texts may result from inferences rather than from explicit specifications."
3154184761,"Microsoft smart tags: support, ignore or condemn them?","Hughes & Carr",4,0,5,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513362","Gareth Hughes, Leslie Carr","Gareth Hughes","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513362","Adaptation, Context, Generic links, Link Services, Microsoft Smart Tags, Open Hypermedia","false","This paper describes the latest instantiation of the open hypermedia concept of the generic link as it appears in Microsoft&153; Office products - the Smart Tag. We review the background to generic linking and the technology involved in Smart Tags and discuss the reaction to this application in the computing press. Recommendations are made on how the system design could be improved for our purposes."
3154184762,"Going back in Hypertext","Golovchinsky",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513363","Gene Golovchinsky","Gene Golovchinsky","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513363","Design, Experimentation, Human Factors","false","Hypertext interfaces typically involve navigation, the act (and interaction) of moving from one piece of information to another. Navigation can be exploratory, or it may involve backtracking to some previously-visited node. While backtracking interfaces are common, they may not reflect differences in readers’ purposes and mental models. This paper draws on some empirical evidence regarding navigation between and within documents to suggest improvements on traditional hypertext navigation, and proposes a time-based view of backtracking."
3154184763,"Context perception in video-based hypermedia spaces","Chambel & Guimarães",17,4,54,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513365","Teresa Chambel, Nuno Guimarães","Teresa Chambel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513365","HTIMEL, Hypervideo, cognitive processes, design, education, entertainment, integration in context, interactive video and TV, link awareness","false","Multimedia hypertext has grown from the basic addition of dynamic media only at “leaf” nodes of the hypertext, to higher structured attempts to compose and integrate the different media. One of the core problems in this evolution has been, and still is, the construction and perception of context, making explicit which part of a presentation is relevant when media elements are integrated. The search for contextualized integration of video material with other sources of information has emerged from the work in several domains and from mutually reinforcing needs. The work presented here is centered on this problem: how to provide the perception of context to users or readers, when navigating through a space of heterogeneous media elements, where video plays an important role."
3154184764,"On hyperstructure and musical structure","De Roure et al.",9,1,26,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513366","David C. De Roure, Don G. Cruickshank, Danius T. Michaelides, Kevin R. Page, Mark J. Weal","David C. De Roure","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513366","Hyperstructure, musical structure, narrative structure, open hypermedia","false","In this paper we report on an ongoing investigation into the relationship between musical structure and hyperstructure, based on a series of open hypermedia systems research projects that have featured case studies involving musical content. We provide a general overview of the intersection between hypermedia and musical structure, drawing also on ideas from narrative structure. Through the example systems we consider techniques for building hyperstructure from musical structure and, conversely, building musical structure from hyperstructure. Additionally we describe an experiment in the sonification of hyperstructure."
3154184765,"Semi-automated Hyperlink markup for archived video","Stotts & Smith",3,1,6,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513367","David Stotts, Jason McC. Smith","David Stotts","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513367","","false","One of the problems keeping video from being a fully first-class data component of hypermedia documents is the difficulty of treating the objects depicted in video as identifiable, linkable content. Rather, video tends to be manipulated as frames of pixels with no further subdivisions. We previously reported on the real-time OvalTine system [1], in which we showed the creation and maintenance of links in real-time video streams such as teleconferences. This paper presents our continuing work with this system, demonstrating the use of the basic real-time image tracking algorithms for use in automated markup of stored video data. There is increasing interest in video data being incorporated in hypermedia structures. Digital libraries are growing in popularity and scope, and video is an important component of such archives. All major news services have vast video archives, valuable “footage” that would be of use in education, historical research, even entertainment."
3154184766,"An infrastructure for open latent semantic linking","Macedo, Pimentel & Camacho-Guerrero",9,3,39,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513369","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo, Maria da Graca Campos Pimentel, Jose Antonio Camacho-Guerrero","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513369","Automatic Linking, Information Integration, Information Retrieval, Open Hypermedia, Semantic Structures, Web","false","The more the web grows, the harder it is for users to find the information they need. As a result, it is even more difficult to identify when documents are related. To find out that two or more documents are in fact related, users have to navigate by the documents in carry out an analysis about their content. This paper presents an infrastructure allowing the use of latent semantic analysis and open hypermedia concepts in the automatic identification of relationships among web pages. Latent Semantic Analysis has been proposed by the information retrieval community as an attempt to organize automatically text objects into a semantic structure appropriate for matching. In open hypermedia systems, links are managed and stored in a special database, a linkbase, which allows the addition of hypermedia functionality to a document without changing the original structure and format of the document. We first present two complementary link-related efforts: an extensible latent semantic indexing service and an open linkbase service. Leveraging off those efforts, we present an infrastructure that identifying latent semantic links within web repositories and makes them available in an open linkbase. To demonstrate by example the utility of our open infrastructure, we built an application presenting a directory of semantic links extracted from web sites."
3154184767,"Towards geo-spatial hypermedia: Concepts and prototype implementation","Grønbæk, Vestergaard & Ørbæk",4,13,31,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513370","Kaj Grønbæk, Peter Posselt Vestergaard, Peter Ørbæk","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513370","3D, GIS, Geo-Spatial Information Management, Spatial Hypermedia","false","This paper combines spatial hypermedia with techniques from Geographical Information Systems and location based services. We describe the Topos 3D Spatial Hypermedia system and how it has been developed to support geo-spatial hypermedia coupling hypermedia information to model representations of real world buildings and landscapes. The prototype experiments are primarily aimed at supporting architects and landscape architects in their work on site. Here it is useful to be able to superimpose and add different layers of information to, e.g. a landscape depending on the task being worked on. We introduce a number of central concepts to understand the relation between hypermedia and spatial information management. The distinction between metaphorical (and abstract) versus literal (and concrete) spaces is introduced together with a workspace composition semantics and a distinction between direct and indirect navigation. Finally, we conclude with a number of research issues which are central to the future development of geo-spatial hypermedia, including design issues in combining metaphorical and literal hypermedia space, as well as a discussion of the role of spatial parsing in a geo-spatial context."
3154184768,"Links in the palm of your hand: tangible hypermedia using augmented reality","Sinclair et al.",4,2,30,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513371","Patrick Sinclair, Kirk Martinez, David E. Millard, Mark J. Weal","Patrick Sinclair","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513371","Adaptive Hypermedia, Augmented Reality, Contextual Hypermedia, Tangible Interfaces","false","Contextualised Open Hypermedia can be used to provide added value to document collections or artefacts. However, transferring the underlying hyper structures into a users conceptual model is often a problem. Augmented reality provides a mechanism for presenting these structures in a visual and tangible manner, translating the abstract action of combining contextual linkbases into physical gestures of real familiarity to users of the system. This paper examines the use of augmented reality in hypermedia and explores some possible modes of interaction that embody the functionality of open hypermedia and contextual linking using commonplace and easily understandable real world metaphors."
3154184744,"Chain saws for sculptural Hypertext","Rosenberg et al.",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513341","Jim Rosenberg, Mark Bernstein, Cathy Marshall, Paul de Bra, David Millard, Frank Shipman","Jim Rosenberg","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513341","","false","The term “Sculptural Hypertext”, coined by Mark Bernstein in his Hypertext ’01 paper “Card Shark and Thespis,” refers to a style of writing hypertext where the document author starts with a massively connected structure, and the task of authoring links consists of cutting away those links that are not wanted, much as someone sculpting in stone in the traditional way starts with a block of stone and forms an image by cutting away the “excess” material. The opposing term, “Calligraphic Hypertext,” refers to the more familiar method of finely authoring each link. This panel seeks to address questions pertaining to authorship and tools for the sculptural approach to hypertext. Among the questions we want to address are: How does one write a sculptural hypertext? How does this concept scale - or is it only suited to small works? What differences are there for the reader of a sculptural hypertext vs. a calligraphic hypertext? How does the “subtractive” concept work with other models of hypertext than the node-link model, e.g. spatial hypertext? What are the differences in requirements for tool designers of sculptural vs. calligraphic hypertext systems.
[no references]"
3154184769,"Open hypermedia in a peer-to-peer context","Bouvin",10,3,18,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513373","Niels Olof Bouvin","Niels Olof Bouvin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513373","Open Hypermedia, Peer-to-Peer","false","This paper revisits the general hypermedia architecture based on a perspective of peer-to-peer (P2P) networking and pervasive computing, and argues that P2P has much to offer open hypermedia."
3154184771,"Goate: XLink and beyond","Martin & Ashman",1,1,9,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513375","Duncan Martin, Helen Ashman","Duncan Martin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513375","XLink, extended linking, proxy","false","In this paper, we introduce a platform independent mechanism for implementing both XLink and bespoke linking standards. The paper considers HTML linking as a low-level linking language, and how it can be used to provide a base for high-level linking services. Finally, the paper describes Goate, a HTTP proxy that allows high-level linking to be used with ordinary HTML browsers."
3154184773,"Supporting distributed meetings using cooperative, visual, process-enabled hypermedia","Wang & Haake",3,0,4,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513377","Weigang Wang, Joerg M. Haake","Weigang Wang","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513377","","false","This work tries to bring hypermedia out of our multiple research-oriented cooperative hypermedia systems into the kinds of systems people in the real world can use. Meeting support for distributed teams is one of these and process support is another. The practical challenges include how to develop a (whiteboard-like) structure-rich visual hypermedia space that is accessible from the Web, how to integrate Microsoft office applications into the system for managing documents in a (visual hypermedia represented) meeting process, and how to set up A/V and application sharing connections easily for all the meeting participants. The system described in this paper has been used in three use cases and initial feedback indicates that it has successfully addressed several such practical challenges."
3154184774,"Contextualized preview of image map links","Chigona & Strothotte",5,0,28,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513379","Wallace Chigona, Thomas Strothotte","Wallace Chigona","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513379","Dual-Use of Image Space, Hypertext navigation, Image maps, Link preview, Multiple links, Smooth transition","false","Previewing links in hypertext navigation helps reduce the cognitive overhead associated with deciding whether or not to follow a link. In this paper we introduce a new concept called Dual-Use of Image Space (DUIS) and we show how it is used provide preview information of image map links. In DUIS the pixels in the image space are used both as shading information as well as characters which can be read. This concept provides a mechanism for placing the text information related to images in context, that is, the text is placed within the corresponding objects. Prior to DUIS contextualized preview of links was only possible with text links. The following are the advantages of contextualized preview image map links: (1) Readers can benefit from both the text and the image without making visual saccades between the two. (2) The text does not obstruct the image as is the case in the existing techniques. (3) It is easy for the readers to associate the image and its corresponding image since the two are presented close to each other. The text in the image space may also contain links, and for this reason, it is possible to introduce multiple links for image maps."
3154184775,"Predicting web actions from HTML content","Davison",1,2,60,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513380","Brian D. Davison","Brian D. Davison","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513380","WWW, information retrieval, prediction, prefetching, textual similarity, user modeling","false","Most proposed Web prefetching techniques make predictions based on the historical references to requested objects. In contrast, this paper examines the accuracy of predicting a user’s next action based on analysis of the content of the pages requested recently by the user. Predictions are made using the similarity of a model of the user’s interest to the text in and around the hypertext anchors of recently requested Web pages. This approach can make predictions of actions that have never been taken by the user and potentially make predictions that reflect current user interests. We evaluate this technique using data from a full-content log of Web activity and find that textual similarity-based predictions outperform simpler approaches."
3154184776,"Using Markov models for web site link prediction","Zhu, Hong & Hughes",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513381","Jianhan Zhu, Jun Hong, John G. Hughes","Jianhan Zhu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513381","Markov models, hierarchy, link prediction","false","Markov models have been extensively used to model Web users’ navigation behaviors on Web sites. The link structure of a Web site can be seen as a citation network. By applying bibliographic co-citation and coupling analysis to a Markov model constructed from a Web log file on a Web site, we propose a clustering algorithm called CitationCluster to cluster conceptually related pages. The clustering results are used to construct a conceptual hierarchy of the Web site. Markov model based link prediction is integrated with the hierarchy to assist users’ navigation on the Web site."
3154184778,"Seven Issues, Revisited","Whitehead et al.",1,0,0,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513343","Jim Whitehead, Paul De Bra, Kaj Grønbæk, Deena Larsen, John Leggett, monica m. c. schraefel","Jim Whitehead","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513343","","false","It has been 15 years since the original presentation by Frank Halasz at Hypertext’87 on seven issues for the next generation of hypertext systems. These issues are:
• Search and Query
• Composites
• Virtual Structures
• Computation in/over hypertext network
• Versioning
• Collaborative Work
• Extensibility and Tailorability
Since that time, these issues have formed the nucleus of multiple research agendas within the Hypertext community. Befitting this direction-setting role, the issues have been revisited several times, by Halasz in his 1991 Hypertext keynote talk, and by Randy Trigg in his 1996 Hypertext keynote five years later. Additionally, over the intervening 15 years, many research systems have addressed the original seven issues, and new research avenues have opened up. The goal of this panel is to begin the process of developing a new set of seven issues for the next generation of hypertext system. Toward this end, we have convened seven experts on hypertext, and charged them with determining one issue, something deserving significant focus by the research community, and one non-issue, a red herring no longer worthy of consideration. At the end of the panel, the panelists and the audience will vote on which issues they consider to be the most important, and which non-issue is the least important.
[no references]"
3154184777,"Storyspace 1","Bernstein",16,15,46,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513383","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513383","Storyspace, design, education, fiction, history of computing, hypermedia, hypertext, implementation, links, literature, maps, support","true","Storyspace, a hypertext writing environment, has been widely used for writing, reading, and research for nearly fifteen years. The appearance of a new implementation provides a suitable occasion to review the design of Storyspace, both in its historical context and in the context of contemporary research. Of particular interest is the opportunity to examine its use in a variety of published documents, all created within one system, but spanning the most of the history of literary hypertext."
3154184746,"Uniform comparison of data models using containment modeling","Whitehead",16,9,38,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513384","E. James Whitehead Jr.","E. James Whitehead Jr.","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513384","Containment data modeling, Hypertext data models","false","Containment data models are a subset of entity relationship models in which the allowed relationships are either a type of containment, storage, or inheritance. This paper describes containment relationships, and containment data models, applying them to model a broad range of monolithic, link server, and hyperbase systems, as well as the Dexter reference model, and the WWW with WebDAV extensions. A key quality of containment data models is their ability to model systems uniformly, allowing a broad range of systems to be compared consistently."
3154184779,"Versioned Hypermedia can improve software document management","Nguyen, Gupta & Munson",3,0,12,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513385","Tien Nguyen, Satish Chandra Gupta, Ethan V. Munson","Tien Nguyen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513385","hypermedia, software engineering, version control","false","This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Defense and by NSF CAREER award CCR-9734102. The Software Concordance project is addressing the software document management problem by providing a fine-grained version control model for software documents and their relationships using hypermedia versioning. A set of tools needed to maintain, visualize and analyze software documents is being constructed. This short paper presents research issues, initial results and a scheme for using hypermedia versioning and time stamps to automate detection of possible semantic non-conformance among software artifacts."
3154184780,"Freenet-like GUIDs for implementing xanalogical hypertext","Lukka & Fallenstein",1,3,14,"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '02","2002","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/513338.513386","Tuomas J. Lukka, Benja Fallenstein","Tuomas J. Lukka","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/513338.513386","P2P, Permanence, Transclusion, Xanadu","false","We discuss the use of Freenet-like content hash GUIDs as a primitive for implementing the Xanadu model in a peer-to-peer framework. Our current prototype is able to display the implicit connection (transclusion) between two different references to the same permanent ID. We discuss the next layers required in the implementation of the Xanadu model on a world-wide peer-to-peer network."
3154184783,"Structure, tradition and possibility","Nelson",0,2,0,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900053","Theodor Holm Nelson","Theodor Holm Nelson","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900053","","false","Science is supposedly about reality, not about tradition, conventions or constructs. Yet computer science seems to me wrongly centered around two traditional, conventional constructs: the simulation of hierarchy and the simulation of paper. It is a popular myth that “structure” means hierarchy; and it is a popular conception that electronic documents should simulate paper. These two concepts have the additional advantage of being easy to explain to beginners. Accordingly, since the nineteen-forties we have simulated hierarchies to organize computer files, and since the nineteen-sixties we have progressively simulated paper—from “text editing” to “word processing” to “desktop publishing” to the Web (which added one-way links to simulated sheets of paper). Now, merging hierarchy simulation with paper simulation, we have been given Adobe Acrobat (simultaneously simulating hierarchy and paper side by side) and XML (a system for transforming paper simulation into hierarchy and vice versa). I see these as ideological exercises in completing the hierarchy and paper paradigms, bypassing the vital issues. Rather than imitating the shortcomings of the real world, we should be correcting the insufficiencies of hierarchy and the deficiencies of paper. Things being simple-minded and easy to explain does not make them sensible or right.
[no references]"
3154184784,"HyperReal: a hypermedia model for mixed reality","Romero & Correia",8,4,34,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900055","Luis Romero, Nuno Correia","Luis Romero","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900055","History, Hypermedia Interfaces, Hypermedia model, Mixed and Augmented Reality, Mobile Gaming and Storytelling","false","This paper describes a generic hypermedia model that is used as a framework for building context aware and mixed reality applications. It can handle different media elements, and it defines a presentation scheme that abstracts several relevant navigation concepts, including link awareness. The model specifies a base structure for the relation between spaces, either real or virtual, and supports contextual mechanisms. Additionally, it establishes a way to correlate real/virtual world objects with information present in the hypermedia graph. It also includes store/replay mechanisms that can be used to repurpose the content in new ways, including storytelling applications. The proposed model is being tested in a gaming and storytelling environment that integrates the real world, media elements and virtual 3D worlds. The paper presents the overall framework, the current implementation and evaluates its usage in the prototype application."
3154184785,"'Physical hypermedia': organising collections of mixed physical and digital material","Grønbæk et al.",4,8,32,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900056","Kaj Grønbæk, Jannie F. Kristensen, Peter Ørbæk, Mette Agger Eriksen","Kaj Grønbæk","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900056","Spatial hypermedia, augmented reality, collections of materials, physical and digital, tagging","false","This paper addresses the problem of organizing material in mixed digital and physical environments. It presents empirical examples of how people use collectional artefacts and organize physical material such as paper, samples, models, mock-ups, plans, etc. in the real world. Based on this material, we propose concepts for collectional actions and meta-data actions, and present prototypes combining principles from augmented reality and hypermedia to support organising and managing mixtures of digital and physical materials. The prototype of the tagging system is running on digital desks and walls utilizing Radio Frequency IDentifier (RFID) tags and tag-readers. It allows users to tag important physical materials, and have these tracked by antennas that may become pervasive in our work environments. We work with three categories of tags: simple object tags, collectional tags, and tooltags invoking operations such as grouping and linking of physical material. Our primary application domain is architecture and design, thus we discuss use of augmented collectional artefacts primarily for this domain."
3154184786,"The ambient wood journals: replaying the experience","Weal et al.",3,3,23,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900057","Mark J. Weal, Danius T. Michaelides, Mark K. Thompson, David C. DeRoure","Mark J. Weal","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900057","Adaptive Infrastructure, Consolidation, Record and Replay, Storytelling","false","The Ambient Wood project aims to facilitate a learning experience using an adaptive infrastructure in an outdoor environment. This involves sensor technology, virtual world orchestration, and a wide range of devices ranging from hand-held computers to speakers hidden in trees. Whilst performing user trials of the Wood, the activities of children participating in the experiments were recorded in detailed log files. An aim of the project has been to replay these log files using adaptive hypermedia techniques to enable the children to further reflect on their experience back in the classroom environment."
3154184787,"Extracting evolution of web communities from a series of web archives","Toyoda & Kitsuregawa",2,3,17,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900059","Masashi Toyoda, Masaru Kitsuregawa","Masashi Toyoda","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900059","Link analysis, Web, evolution, web community","false","Recent advances in storage technology make it possible to store a series of large Web archives. It is now an exciting challenge for us to observe evolution of the Web. In this paper, we propose a method for observing evolution of web communities. A web community is a set of web pages created by individuals or associations with a common interest on a topic. So far, various link analysis techniques have been developed to extract web communities. We analyze evolution of web communities by comparing four Japanese web archives crawled from 1999 to 2002. Statistics of these archives and community evolution are examined, and the global behavior of evolution is described. Several metrics are introduced to measure the degree of web community evolution, such as growth rate, novelty, and stability. We developed a system for extracting detailed evolution of communities using these metrics. It allows us to understand when and how communities emerged and evolved. Some evolution examples are shown using our system."
3154184788,"The connectivity sonar: detecting site functionality by structural patterns","Amitay et al.",3,3,39,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900060","Einat Amitay, David Carmel, Adam Darlow, Ronny Lempel, Aya Soffer","Einat Amitay","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900060","Web IR, Web graphs, link analysis","false","Web sites today serve many different functions, such as corporate sites, search engines, e-stores, and so forth. As sites are created for different purposes, their structure and connectivity characteristics vary. However, this research argues that sites of similar role exhibit similar structural patterns, as the functionality of a site naturally induces a typical hyperlinked structure and typical connectivity patterns to and from the rest of the Web. Thus, the functionality of Web sites is reflected in a set of structural and connectivity-based features that form a typical signature. In this paper, we automatically categorize sites into eight distinct functional classes, and highlight several search-engine related applications that could make immediate use of such technology. We purposely limit our categorization algorithms by tapping connectivity and structural data alone, making no use of any content analysis whatsoever. When applying two classification algorithms to a set of 202 sites of the eight defined functional categories, the algorithms correctly classified between 54.5% and 59% of the sites. On some categories, the precision of the classification exceeded 85%. An additional result of this work indicates that the structural signature can be used to detect spam rings and mirror sites, by clustering sites with almost identical signatures."
3154184789,"Automatically sharing web experiences through a hyperdocument recommender system","Macedo et al.",5,2,37,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900061","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo, Khai N. Truong, José Antonio Camacho-Guerrero, Maria da GraÇa Pimentel","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900061","Information Retrieval, Open Hypermedia, Recommender Systems, Semantic Structures, Web","false","As an approach that applies not only to support user navigation on the Web, recommender systems have been built to assist and augment the natural social process of asking for recommendations from other people. In a typical recommender system, people provide suggestions as inputs, which the system aggregates and directs to appropriate recipients. In some cases, the primary computation is in the aggregation; in others, the value of the system lies in its ability to make good matches between the recommenders and those seeking recommendations. In this paper, we discuss the architectural and design features of WebMemex, a system that (a) provides recommended information based on the captured history of navigation from a list of people well-known to the users—including the users themselves, (b) allows users to have access from any networked machine, (c) demands user authentication to access the repository of recommendations and (d) allows users to specify when the capture of their history should be performed."
3154184790,"Which semantic web?","Marshall & Shipman",2,10,41,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900063","Catherine C. Marshall, Frank M. Shipman","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900063","Digital Libraries, Hypertext, Information Systems, Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Representation, Semantic Web","false","Through scenarios in the popular press and technical papers in the research literature, the promise of the Semantic Web has raised a number of different expectations. These expectations can be traced to three different perspectives on the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is portrayed as: (1) a universal library, to be readily accessed and used by humans in a variety of information use contexts; (2) the backdrop for the work of computational agents completing sophisticated activities on behalf of their human counterparts; and (3) a method for federating particular knowledge bases and databases to perform anticipated tasks for humans and their agents. Each of these perspectives has both theoretical and pragmatic entailments, and a wealth of past experiences to guide and temper our expectations. In this paper, we examine all three perspectives from rhetorical, theoretical, and pragmatic viewpoints with an eye toward possible outcomes as Semantic Web efforts move forward."
3154184791,"Finding the story: broader applicability of semantics and discourse for hypermedia generation","Rutledge et al.",3,3,28,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900064","Lloyd Rutledge, Martin Alberink, Rogier Brussee, Stanislav Pokraev, William van Dieten, Mettina Veenstra","Lloyd Rutledge","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900064","Clustering, Concept Lattices, Discourse, Hypermedia, Narrative, RDF, SMIL, Semantics","false","Generating hypermedia presentations requires processing constituent material into coherent, unified presentations. One large challenge is creating a generic process for producing hypermedia presentations from the semantics of potentially unfamiliar domains. The resulting presentations must both respect the underlying semantics and appear as coherent, plausible and, if possible, pleasant to the user. Among the related unsolved problems is the inclusion of discourse knowledge in the generation process. One potential approach is generating a discourse structure derived from generic processing of the underlying domain semantics, transforming this to a structured progression and then using this to steer the choice of hypermedia communicative devices used to convey the actual information in the resulting presentation. This paper presents the results of the first phase of the Topia project, which explored this approach. These results include an architecture for this more domain-independent processing of semantics and discourse into hypermedia presentations. We demonstrate this architecture with an implementation using Web standards and freely available technologies."
3154184794,"AHA! The adaptive hypermedia architecture","De Bra et al.",2,17,11,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900068","Paul De Bra, Ad Aerts, Bart Berden, Barend de Lange, Brendan Rousseau, David Smits, Tomi Santic, David Smits, Natalia Stash","Paul De Bra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900068","Adaptive hypermedia, adaptive navigation support, adaptive presentation, authoring support","false","AHA!, the “Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture”, was originally developed to support an on-line course with some user guidance through conditional (extra) explanations and conditional link hiding. This paper describes the many extensions and tools that have turned AHA! into a versatile adaptive hypermedia platform. It also shows how AHA! can be used to add different adaptive “features” to applications such as on-line courses, museum sites, encyclopedia, etc. The architecture of AHA! is heavily inspired by the AHAM reference model."
3154184795,"Untangling compound documents on the web","Eiron & McCurley",3,3,25,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900070","Nadav Eiron, Kevin S. McCurley","Nadav Eiron","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900070","","false","Most text analysis is designed to deal with the concept of a “document”, namely a cohesive presentation of thought on a unifying subject. By contrast, individual nodes on the World Wide Web tend to have a much smaller granularity than text documents. We claim that the notions of “document” and “web node” are not synonymous, and that authors often tend to deploy documents as collections of URLs, which we call “compound documents”. In this paper we present new techniques for identifying and working with such compound documents, and the results of some large-scale studies on such web documents. The primary motivation for this work stems from the fact that information retrieval techniques are better suited to working on documents than individual hypertext nodes."
3154184796,"Browsing intricately interconnected paths","Dave et al.",15,4,35,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900071","Pratik Dave, Unmil P. Karadkar, Richard Furuta, Luis Francisco-Revilla, Frank Shipman, Suvendu Dash, Zubin Dalal","Pratik Dave","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900071","Directed paths, Navigation metaphors, Path Engine, Path-centric browsing, Walden’s Paths","false","Graph-centric and node-centric browsing are the two commonly identified hypertext-browsing paradigms. We believe that path-centric browsing, the browsing behavior exhibited by path interfaces, is an independent browsing paradigm that combines useful aspects of the two commonly supported cases. Paths have long been recognized as an effective medium for aggregating and communicating information and have been included in various hypermedia systems as alternate metaphors or supporting tools. The Walden’s Paths project promotes path-centric traversal as the primary browsing mechanism over Web-based materials. This paper expands the notion of our paths to include more generalized structures and interconnections across paths. We present an architecture for describing complex networks of such paths. Finally, we discuss the design and present a prototype implementation of the Path Engine, a tool that provides a linear interface for browsing intricately interconnected paths."
3154184797,"Publishing evolving metadocuments on the web","Kerne, Khandelwal & Sundaram",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900072","Andruid Kerne, Madhur Khandelwal, Vikram Sundaram","Andruid Kerne","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900072","adaptive hypertext, collections, metadocuments, navigation, procedural visual composition, spatial hypertext","false","Metadocuments are documents that consist primarily of references to other documents, and elements within them. Our active browsing web visualization tool generates an evolving series of navigable metadocument snapshots over time. The granularity of browsing is shifted, from documents to the finer grained information elements, which are metadocument constituents. The program conducts expression-directed automatic retrieval of information from the web. It performs procedural visual composition of the information elements to form spatial hypertext. The user can express interest and design intentions through direct manipulation interactions with the visualized information elements. As prior versions of the tool lacked the capabilities of save and load, they were entirely process-oriented. The metadocuments existed only as transient states. This paper is an early report on our new metadocument authoring and publishing capability, and its potential uses. Saved metadocuments can be published on the web. Once published, they can serve both as static navigable metadocuments, and as the jumping off point from which the information space represented by the collected elements can continue to evolve."
3154184798,"Multi-layered cross-media linking","Signer & Norrie",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900073","Beat Signer, Moira C. Norrie","Beat Signer","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900073","Augmented Paper, Cross-Media Linking","false","The integration of printed paper and digital information enables new forms of enhanced reading. We present digitally augmented paper as a specific application of our more general Integration Server (iServer) architecture for cross-media information management. Multi-layered linking is introduced as a way to manage the granularity of link anchors and an application making active use of multi-layered links is presented. Furthermore, we point out how the concept of supporting multiple layers in link management can be applied to other media such as, for example, XHTML in combination with the XML Linking Language (XLink)."
3154184799,"Decentering the dancing text: from dance intertext to hypertext","Miles-Board et al.",6,2,35,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900075","Timothy Miles-Board, Deveril, Janet Lansdale, Leslie Carr, Wendy Hall","Timothy Miles-Board","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900075","Dance Analysis, Hypertextuality, Intertextuality","false","This paper explains and draws together two projects from different disciplines: dance studies and hypertext writing. Each project sets out to examine the processes and practices of hypertextuality, and to develop new ways of writing using electronic technology and the Internet. The dance studies project seeks to link the critical theory of intertextuality (as a means of dance interpretation) with the theoretical and practical concerns of hypertextuality. It hopes to show a convergence of the two into a working system for analysing dance in a network of people, institutions and information. The Associative Writing Framework (AWF) project seeks to explore how writers could best be supported in representing and exploring hypertextuality in a Web environment, and in producing new hypertexts which integrate or “glue together” existing Web resources (ideas, concepts, data, descriptions, experiences, claims, theories, suggestions, reports, etc.). Following the combining of the two projects we report on some initial evaluation of the AWF system by dance experts, and discuss where the relationship might lead and potential future outcomes of the collaboration."
3154184800,"Simplifying annotation support for real-world-settings: a comparative study of active reading","Obendorf",3,0,10,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900076","Hartmut Obendorf","Hartmut Obendorf","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900076","Active Reading, Annotation, User Study","false","Despite the multitude of existing interfaces for annotation, little is known about their influence on the created annotations. In this paper, first findings of a comparative video-supported study of active reading are presented. The support for active reading offered by traditional paper-and-pencil vs. two existing annotation tools for the World Wide Web is examined and possible implications for annotation systems are drawn. An immediate conclusion is the existence of a strong need for simplicity and the importance of generic tools that can be adapted to the user’s task at hand."
3154184801,"Collage, composites, construction","Bernstein",5,11,9,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900077","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900077","Collage, Composites, Hypertext Systems, Patterns of Hypertext, Spatial Hypertext, Storyspace, Tinderbox, Weblogs","true","Tinderbox, a hypertext tool for making, analyzing, and sharing notes, explores the use of collage to build and share linked conceptual structures. Adopting a simple, regular data structure that exploits prototype inheritance and transclusion, Tinderbox helps build malleable, personal documents that are partially self-organizing."
3154184802,"Combining spatial and navigational structure in the hyper-hitchcock hypervideo editor","Shipman, Girgensohn & Wilcox",3,2,6,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900078","Frank Shipman, Andreas Girgensohn, Lynn Wilcox","Frank Shipman","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900078","Hypervideo, Interactive Video, Spatial hypertext","false","Existing hypertext systems have emphasized either the navigational or spatial expression of relationships between objects. We are exploring the combination of these modes of expression in Hyper-Hitchcock, a hypervideo editor. Hyper-Hitchcock supports a form of hypervideo called “detail-on-demand video” due to its applicability to situations where viewers need to take a link to view more details on the content currently being presented. Authors of detail-on-demand video select, group, and spatially arrange video clips into linear sequences in a two-dimensional workspace. Hyper-Hitchcock uses a simple spatial parser to determine the temporal order of selected video clips. Authors add navigational links between the elements in those sequences. This combination of navigational and spatial hypertext modes of expression separates the clip sequence from the navigational structure of the hypervideo. Such a combination can be useful in cases where multiple forms of inter-object relationships must be expressed on the same content."
3154184803,"Paper chase revisited: a real world game meets hypermedia","Boll, Krösche & Wegener",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900079","Susanne Boll, Jens Krösche, Christian Wegener","Susanne Boll","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900079","geo-referenced hypermedia documents, location-aware mobile games, physical navigation","false","In this short paper, we present a location aware mobile game which lets users play a paper chase game on a mobile device. By using their physical movement and location in the real world’s space the players navigate in the virtual paper chase game and solve riddles on their way. The game is realized as a hypermedia document in which geo-referenced hyperlinks on a map lead to the hypermedia documents that form the riddles that are to be solved at the different physical checkpoints. Traversal of the document is carried out by physical movement/approaching of the GPS-located player achieving a spatial navigation to the checkpoints of the game. The current state of the players is tracked and monitored by the game server. The game is realized with wireless handheld devices together with GPS receivers in a wireless communication net utilising Web infrastructure."
3154184804,"IUHM: a hypermedia-based model for integrating open services, data and metadata","Nanard, Nanard & King",10,8,25,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900081","Marc Nanard, Jocelyne Nanard, Peter King","Marc Nanard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900081","Hypertext structure, metadata, open hypermedia system, semantics, service integration, structural computing","false","This paper discusses a new hypermedia-based model known as IUHM (Information Unit Hypermedia Model). IUHM emerged as a result of the development of the OPALES system, a collaborative environment for exploring and indexing video archives in a digital library. A basic design requirement of OPALES is that it must permit and support the integration of new services throughout its life cycle. Thus, IUHM depends heavily upon the notions of extensibility and openness. Support for openness, extensibility and late binding of services is provided in the IUHM model by a single reflexive mechanism. This uniform mechanism is used for describing all relationships between arbitrary system entities, including services, data and metadata. The mechanism in question consists of a generic, computable hypertext structure with typed links, known as the Information Unit (IU), and is the minimal structural scheme to which all encapsulated entities comply. We describe and justify the design of the Information Unit, as well as the semantics of its four link types, namely role, type, owner, relative. We further describe the minimal kernel of the runtime layer responsible for the dynamic behaviour specified by the IUHM compliant hypertext network. We discuss the mechanisms involved in the dynamic binding of services and service composition. We illustrate these notions by real-world examples of the integration of metadata services within the OPALES system."
3154184805,"Structure and behavior awareness in themis","Anderson, Sherba & Lepthien",6,4,24,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900082","Kenneth M. Anderson, Susanne A. Sherba, William V. Lepthien","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900082","Themis, awareness, behavior, structural computing, structure","false","Structural computing provides techniques and tools to ease the task of developing application infrastructure; infrastructure that provides common services such as persistence, naming, distribution, navigational hypermedia, etc., over a set of application-specific or domain-specific structures. Within structural computing, “structure” refers to a combination of data together with relationships pertaining to that data. Structure servers support the specification and manipulation of structures. One important aspect of structural computing is the power and flexibility it provides application developers constructing new applications. A large part of this power is due to structural computing’s ability to provide awareness services for both structure and behavior. We define this concept and describe the awareness services provided by the Themis structural computing environment. The utility of these services are demonstrated by presenting the impact they have had on the InfiniTe information integration environment. In particular, these services help to increase the efficiency and reduce the size of domain-specific applications built using structural computing technology. We conclude by discussing how these services might influence the open hypermedia field and the development of new hypermedia services."
3154184806,"Increasing the usage of open hypermedia systems: a developer-side approach","Karousos, Tzagarakis & Pandis",4,0,9,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900083","Nikos Karousos, Manolis Tzagarakis, Ippokratis Pandis","Nikos Karousos","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900083","Developer Support, Hypermedia Services, Open Hypermedia Systems, Service Discovery, Web Services","false","This paper argues that the existence of a developer support framework is a critical issue to the usage of Open Hypermedia Systems (OHSs). For this reason, the OHS Community would benefit by the adoption of both a service discovery mechanism and a set of standards and tools to approach the development of hypermedia clients in a transparent and methodological manner."
3154184807,"Storm: using P2P to make the desktop part of the web","Fallenstein et al.",5,0,15,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900084","Benja Fallenstein, Tuomas J. Lukka, Hermanni Hyytiälä, Toni Alatalo","Benja Fallenstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900084","content addressable networks, dangling links, location-independent identifiers, peer-to-peer","false","We present Storm, a storage system which unifies the desktop and the public network, making Web links between desktop documents more practical. Storm assigns each document a permanent unique URI when it is created. Using peer-to-peer technology, we can locate documents even though our URIs do not include location information. Links continue to work unchanged when documents are emailed or published on the network. We have extended KDE to understand Storm URIs. Other systems such as GNU Emacs are able to use Storm through an HTTP gateway."
3154184808,"User-controlled link adaptation","Tsandilas & schraefel",2,3,32,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900086","Theophanis Tsandilas, m. c. schraefel","Theophanis Tsandilas","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900086","Adaptable hypertext, direct manipulation, history visualization, hyperlink annotation, navigation assistance","false","This paper introduces an adaptable hypermedia approach applied to adaptive link annotation techniques. This approach suggests that the combination of direct manipulation with automated link annotation affords greater user control over page adaptation. In turn, this direct control better supports user focus in information discovery tasks. Unlike adaptive-only systems, our approach lets users both define multiple topics of interest and then manipulate how these topics’ associated links are presented in a page. We discuss how the approach can be applied both to pages viewed as well as to the user’s history list, thereby relieving users from the task of either adding to or organizing bookmarks. We describe the prototype developed to support these manipulations, as well as the adaptive architecture developed to support these controls."
3154184809,"AHA! meets Auld Linky: integrating designed and free-form hypertext systems","Millard et al.",4,4,23,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900087","David Millard, Hugh Davis, Mark Weal, Koen Aben, Paul De Bra","David Millard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900087","","false","In this paper we present our efforts to integrate two adaptive hypermedia systems that take very different approaches. The Adaptive Hypermedia Architecture (AHA!) aims to establish a consistently organized, strictly designed form of hypertext while Auld Linky takes an open and potentially sculptural approach, producing more freeform, less deterministic hypertexts. We describe the difficulties in reconciling the two approaches. This leads us to draw a number of conclusions about the benefits and disadvantages of both and the concessions that are required to combine them successfully."
3154184810,"'Pluggable' user models for adaptive hypermedia in education","Zakaria et al.",1,1,10,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900088","M. R. Zakaria, A. Moore, C. D. Stewart, T. J. Brailsford","M. R. Zakaria","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900088","Adaptive hypermedia, XML, XSLT, education, system architecture, user modeling","false","Most adaptive hypermedia systems used in education implement a single user model - inevitably originally designed for a specific set of circumstances. In this paper we describe an architecture that makes use of XML pipelines to facilitate the implementation of different user models."
3154184811,"Is simple sequencing simple adaptive hypermedia?","Abdullah & Davis",1,1,7,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900089","Nor Aniza Abdullah, Hugh Davis","Nor Aniza Abdullah","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900089","Adaptive Hypermedia, Learning Objects, Simple Sequencing","false","In this paper, we explore the differences between the Adaptive Hypermedia and IMS Simple Sequencing approaches. Both approaches provide learning material tailored for the learner’s current context. Understanding the difference between the approaches enables us to identify the best features of each, and thus to identify research agendas for the improvement of adaptive hypermedia and of Web-based Learning Management Systems."
3154184812,"Do adaptation rules improve web cost estimation?","Mendes, Mosley & Counsell",1,0,48,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900091","Emilia Mendes, Nile Mosley, Steve Counsell","Emilia Mendes","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900091","Web effort prediction, Web hypermedia, Web hypermedia metrics, case-based reasoning, prediction models","false","Analogy-based estimation has, over the last 15 years, and particularly over the last 7 years, emerged as a promising approach with comparable accuracy to, or better than, algorithmic methods in some studies. In addition, it is potentially easier to understand and apply; these two important factors can contribute to the successful adoption of estimation methods within Web development companies. We believe therefore, analogy-based estimation should be examined further. This paper compares several methods of analogy-based effort estimation. In particular, it investigates the use of adaptation rules as a contributing factor to better estimation accuracy. Two datasets are used in the analysis; results show that the best predictions are obtained for the dataset that first, presents a continuous “cost” function, translated as a strong linear relationship between size and effort, and second, is more “unspoiled” in terms of outliers and collinearity. Only one of the two types of adaptation rules employed generated good predictions."
3154184813,"A visual environment for dynamic web application composition","Ito & Tanaka",5,0,38,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900092","Kimihito Ito, Yuzuru Tanaka","Kimihito Ito","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900092","Hypermedia, IntelligentPad, Personalization, Web application linkage, Web application wrapping","false","HTML-based interface technologies enable end-users to easily use various remote Web applications. However, it is difficult for end-users to compose new integrated tools of both existing Web applications and legacy local applications such as spreadsheets, chart tools and database. In this paper, the authors propose a new framework where end-users can wrap remote Web applications into visual components called pads, and functionally combine them together through drag & drop-paste operations. The authors use, as the basis, a meme media architecture IntelligentPad that was proposed by the second author. In the IntelligentPad architecture, each visual component called a pad has slots as data I/O ports. By pasting a pad onto another pad users can integrate their functionalities. The framework presented in this paper allows users to visually create a wrapper pad for any Web application by defining HTML nodes within the Web application to work as slots. Examples of such a node include input-forms and text strings on Web pages. Users can directly manipulate both wrapped Web applications and wrapped local legacy tools on their desktop screen to define application linkages among them. Since no programming expertise is required to wrap Web applications or to functionally combine them together, end-users can build new integrated tools of both wrapped Web applications and local legacy applications."
3154184814,"Configuration management in a hypermedia-based software development environment","Nguyen, Munson & Boyland",2,0,15,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900093","Tien N. Nguyen, Ethan V. Munson, John T. Boyland","Tien N. Nguyen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900093","configuration management, hypermedia, software engineering, version control","false","Several researchers have explored the use of hypermedia technology in software development environments (SDEs). However, existing hypermedia-based SDEs have only limited support for the evolutionary aspects of software projects. On the other hand, commercial software configuration management systems (SCMs) have had noticeable success in helping developers manage system evolution. While researchers in the hypermedia community acknowledged the need for strong version control support in their systems, they are still far from achieving this goal. The Software Concordance (SC) project is developing a SDE to experiment with the use of versioned hypermedia services for managing software documents and their logical relationships. This paper describes our versioned hypermedia framework in which hypermedia services are built on top of a SCM system and provides uniform version control supports for both software documents and their relationships."
3154184816,"Refinement of TF-IDF schemes for web pages using their hyperlinked neighboring pages","Sugiyama et al.",1,3,26,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900096","Kazunari Sugiyama, Kenji Hatano, Masatoshi Yoshikawa, Shunsuke Uemura","Kazunari Sugiyama","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900096","Hyperlink, Information retrieval, TF-IDF scheme, WWW","false","In IR (information retrieval) systems based on the vector space model, the TF-IDF scheme is widely used to characterize documents. However, in the case of documents with hyperlink structures such as Web pages, it is necessary to develop a technique for representing the contents of Web pages more accurately by exploiting the contents of their hyperlinked neighboring pages. In this paper, we first propose several approaches to refining the TF-IDF scheme for a target Web page by using the contents of its hyperlinked neighboring pages, and then compare the retrieval accuracy of our proposed approaches. Experimental results show that, generally, more accurate feature vectors of a target Web page can be generated in the case of utilizing the contents of its hyperlinked neighboring pages at levels up to second in the backward direction from the target page."
3154184817,"Enhanced web document summarization using hyperlinks","Delort, Bouchon-Meunier & Rifqi",0,1,19,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900097","J.-Y. Delort, B. Bouchon-Meunier, M. Rifqi","J.-Y. Delort","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900097","Context, Hyperlinks, Summarization, Web document","false","This paper addresses the issue of Web document summarization. As textual content of Web documents is often scarce or irrelevant and existing summarization techniques are based on it, many Web pages and websites cannot be suitably summarized. We consider the context of a Web document by the textual content of all the documents linking to it. To summarize a target Web document, a context-based summarizer has to perform a preprocessing task, during which it will be decided which pieces of information in the source documents are relevant to the content of the target. Then a context-based summarizer faces two issues: first, the selected elements may partially deal with the topic of the target, second they may be related to the target and yet not contain any clues about the content of the target. In this paper we put forward two new summarization by context algorithms. The first one uses both the content and the context of the document and the second one is based only on the elements of the context. It is shown that summaries taking into account the context are usually much more relevant than those made only from the content of the target document. Optimal conditions of the proposed algorithms with respect to the sizes of the content and the context of the document to summarize are studied."
3154184818,"Link analysis for collaborative knowledge building","Wu et al.",2,2,8,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900098","Harris Wu, Michael D. Gordon, Kurt DeMaagd, Nathan Bos","Harris Wu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900098","Navigation analysis, knowledge management, link analysis","false","We present an ongoing research project utilizing navigation and hyperlink data to aid collaborative knowledge building. We allow collaborators to personally organize documents and other research resources and make references to them. We combine their personal organizations and references to develop a unified, hierarchical categorization of these resources. We analyze collaborators’ navigations to identify prominent research activities as well as the key documents related to these activities. We examine prominence over time to identify research trends."
3154184819,"'Common' web paths in a group adaptive system","Barra, Malandrino & Scarano",0,1,8,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900099","Maria Barra, Delfina Malandrino, Vittorio Scarano","Maria Barra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900099","Adaptive Hypermedia, Recommendation Systems","false","In this paper we describe how we use a group of users’ accesses and interactions with web pages to discover and recommend relevant common navigation paths to other users. We collect data using a social navigation environment called GAS (Group Adaptive System) that we developed and are currently integrating the common path navigation tool into the system. The goal is to use the common path of a subset of users in the system as a recommendation for other users."
3154184782,"What is hypertext?","Nürnberg",0,3,0,"Proceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '03","2003","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/900051.900052","Peter J. Nürnberg","Peter J. Nürnberg","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/900051.900052","","false","The most fundamental possible question that can be posed at a conference on hypertext, but one that is nonetheless difficult to answer, is: what is hypertext? Our answers to this question are not mere matters of definition, but define our community and the coherence of our message to others. We live in an age in which hypertext as a technology has become pervasive, and yet research interest in hypertext as such seems to be waning. How can this be explained? By looking into how we answer the question of what hypertext is, we may move toward an explanation of this trend.
[no references]"
1474363708,"Directions for hypertext research: exploring the design space for interactive scholarly communication","Leggett & Shipman",11,2,50,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012812","John J. Leggett, Frank M. Shipman, III","John J. Leggett","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012812","New media, digital libraries, institutional repositories, interactive fiction, interactive narrative, interactive scholarly communications, storytelling engines","false","This paper is a “call to arms” for the community to take up Van Bush’s original challenge of effecting a transformation of scholarly communications and record keeping. It argues for the necessity of an interactive scholarly communication research agenda by briefly reviewing the rapid development of alternative authoring and publishing models. Seven dimensions of interactive communication that delineate a design space for the area are described. Previous work and existing new media are used to initially populate the design space and show opportunities for new research directions. VKB spaces, Synchrony PADLs, and Walden’s paths are used as foils for describing new media for interactive scholarly communication. This leads to a brief discussion of uncovered areas in the design space and open research questions. A community developed framework for future interactive scholarly communications would be a major contribution and is put forth as the overall goal."
1474363709,"Extending the role of the digital library: computer support for creating articles","Carr et al.",2,0,22,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012813","Leslie Carr, Timothy Miles-Board, Gary Wills, Guillermo Power, Christopher Bailey, Wendy Hall, Simon Grange","Leslie Carr","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012813","E-Science, EPrints, Grid, Orthopaedics, Virtual Universities","false","A digital library, together with its users and its contents, does not exist in isolated splendour; nor in hypertext terms is it merely the intertextual relationships between its texts. There is a cycle of activities which provides the context for the library’s existence, and which the library supports through its various roles of information access, discovery, storage, dissemination and preservation. This paper describes the role of digital library systems in the undertaking of science, and in particular in the context of the recent developments of the Grid for computer-supported scientific collaboration and Virtual Universities for computer-supported education. This paper focuses on a specific framework, the Dynamic Review Journal, which supports the development and dissemination of documents by assisting authors in collating and analysing experimental results, organising internal project discussions, and producing papers. By bridging the gap between the undertaking of experimental work and the dissemination of its results through electronic publication, this work addresses the cycle of activity in which a digital library rests."
1474363711,"Towards digital libraries of virtual hyperbooks","Falquet, Nerima & Ziswiler",3,2,6,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012815","Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima, Jean-Claude Ziswiler","Gilles Falquet","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012815","digital library, link inference, ontology, virtual document","false","This paper describes a technique for integrating several (many) virtual hyperbooks in a digital library. We consider a virtual hyperbook model that comprises a domain ontology. By interconnecting the hyperbook’s ontologies, we can create a multi-point of view ontology that describes a set of hyperbooks. A hypertext interface specification language can use this ontology to construct new semantically and narratively coherent hyperdocuments based on the content of several hyperbooks."
1474363712,"Twin media: hypertext structure under pressure","Kolb",3,3,9,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012817","David Kolb","David Kolb","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012817","Hypertext rhetoric, argumentation, authorial intentions, link patterns, readers’ intentions, scholarly hypertext","false","This hypertext reports on issues in hypertext rhetoric and presentation that arise in composing a large argumentative hypertext associated with a book version of the same project. It concerns not the old navigation problem for the lost reader, but the construction problem for the uncertain author. The essay discusses link patterns, the intentions of readers and authors, and the pressure of book upon the structure of the hypertext. A hypertext does not need to be associated with a book to feel these pressures from our habits with other media. How can a long expository hypertext be made accessible, and argue for its views, without sacrificing the virtues of hypertextual presentation? The essay attempts to exemplify as well as discuss these issues."
1474363713,"The mystery of 'lust'","Higgason",2,1,16,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012818","Richard E. Higgason","Richard E. Higgason","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012818","Arnold, fiction, literary hypertexts, mysteries, narrative, “Lust”","false","Mark Bernstein has stated that there are no really good hypertext mysteries. This is a puzzling remark since reading hypertext often seems to require “detective work” on the part of the reader to first ferret out the clues/pieces of the work and then put them together in a reasonable order to form an understanding. While demonstrating a close reading of Mary Kim Arnold’s hypertext story, “Lust,” this essay explores how the concept of “mystery” applies to the act of reading hypertext and how that affects the role reader (now a “reader-detective”) who must search both content nodes and pathways in order to bring cohesion and a sense of completeness to the reading experience. As a close reading, this essay looks at the characters and events described in “Lust” and finally stresses the need to consider the links and paths while reading the hypertext."
1474363714,"Lust, touch, metadata: meaning and the limits of adaptation","Bernstein",6,1,12,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012819","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012819","Metadata, literary hypertext, semantic web","false","Adding and removing links carries great rhetorical weight. Modern hypertext tools often treat links as metadata and use metadata to provide navigational access. To view links or metadata as extrinsic information applied to an underlying document may no longer be a viable strategy."
1474363715,"Automatic categorization of web sites based on source types","Roy, Joshi & Krishnapuram",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012821","Shourya Roy, Sachindra Joshi, Raghu Krishnapuram","Shourya Roy","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012821","Classification, Site Interaction, Source Categorization, Web Site Categorization","false","An important issue with the Web is verification of the accuracy, currency and authenticity of the information associated with Web sites. One way to address this problem is to identify the “source” or “sponsor” of the Web site. However, source identification is non-trivial because the source of a Web site cannot always be determined by the URL or content of the site. In this paper, we propose a method for source identification that uses various types of inbound, outbound and internal interactions that arise due to hyperlinks between and within Web sites."
1474363716,"Language-theoretic classification of hypermedia paths","Stotts & Furuta",3,0,5,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012822","David Stotts, Richard Furuta","David Stotts","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012822","automata, models, paths, theory","false","Paths are, and have been since the beginning, an important mechanism for organizing hypermedia documents. This note shows how a document defined as a (possibly infinite) collection of paths over content nodes can be succinctly expressed as a formal language. We show the relationship to earlier hypermedia models based on automata. The language-theoretic model can be used to implement path engines as parsers or recognizers. Different levels of path power require different classes of recognizing automata."
1474363717,"Structural analysis for web documentation using the non-well-founded set","Horie & Yamaguchi",0,1,4,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012823","Ikumi Horie, Kazunori Yamaguchi","Ikumi Horie","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012823","Link analysis, World Wide Web, hypertext structure, non-well-founded set theory, structural analysis","false","We propose a method for the structural analysis of Web documentation. Employing the non-well-founded set theory, we have developed a means of reduction analysis to detect irregularities in the structures of target documents. To test this method’s effectiveness, we applied it to Web-based educational materials in actual use and succeeded in identifying structural errors in the documents."
1474363718,"Properties of academic paper references","Kim & Whitehead",4,0,10,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012824","Sunghun Kim, E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Sunghun Kim","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012824","Hyperlink, Paper References","false","We propose a new method to find related papers using an input paper and its hyperlinked citation relationships rather than keywords. Such related papers are especially useful as background reading for researchers new to a research field. In this paper we introduce the background reading paper extractor (BPE), and show various properties of academic paper references."
1474363720,"FaceSpace: endo- and exo-spatial hypermedia in the transparent video facetop","Stotts, Smith & Gyllstrom",8,0,35,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012827","David Stotts, Jason McC. Smith, Karl Gyllstrom","David Stotts","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012827","Augmented reality, hypermedia, hypertext, transparency, video","false","The Transparent Video Facetop is a novel user interface concept that supports not only single-user interactions with a PC, but also close pair collaborations, such as that found in collaborative Web browsing, in distributed pair programming and in remote medicine. We recently demonstrated the Vis-a-Vid Facetop prototype as a single-user GUI for manipulating the elements of a traditional WIMP desktop [21]. In this paper we introduce FaceSpace, a Facetop-based hypermedia system that combines structure and functionality of both spatial and ubiquitous hypertext. FaceSpace eliminates camera registration errors due to dynamic object tracking and user self-image feedback. FaceSpace had two forms of linking that combine spatial hypermedia with ubiquitous hypermedia: Like an exo-skeleton provides an organism with structure from without, exo-spatial hypertext has the spatial structure applied over the ubiquity of the user’s real-world environment. Endo-spatial hypertext has the spatial structure derived from and attached to the elements of the user’s domain. Endo-spatial hypertext is an integral concept in systems that have been classified as ubiquitous hypertext; exo-spatial is unique to FaceSpace in current hypertext systems."
1474363722,"The site browser: catalyzing improvements in hypertext organization","Gibson",3,0,23,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012829","David Gibson","David Gibson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012829","aggregation, overview browsing","false","The Site Browser endeavors to build an overview browsing system for the entire Web. Overview browsing represents an alternative to the search-based view of information work, and does so by providing a consistent set of summary views which can be browsed interactively. The views partition and linearize the corpus for ready understanding and exploration. They show a web site’s relation to other sites, the broad nature of the information it contains and how it is structured, and how it has changed over time. The design challenge is to generate useful summary information in a process which is fast enough to be updated daily. Our current system maintains a continuously updated archive of 46 million sites representing 2.3 billion web pages."
1474363723,"Negotiating access within Wiki: a system to construct and maintain a taxonomy of access rules","Burrow",2,0,11,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012831","Andrew Lincoln Burrow","Andrew Lincoln Burrow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012831","collaboration, hyperlink types, order theory","false","A wiki hypertext is typically accessible and editable by all. While this removes impediments to collaboration, it often deters participants who would rather incubate ideas before bringing them to the group. This is especially the case where creative ideas are at stake. Creating additional wikis with restricted access is a costly solution: it requires participants to distinguish between and navigate between wikis; it requires administrators to construct wikis and their access rules; and it does not account for the movement of content from private to public. In this paper, we describe a system that augments the hypertext in order to solve these problems. This system automatically creates and maintains access rules in response to browsing and editing of the wiki hypertext. In doing so, it improves the targeting of documents in the hypertext, and identifies significant collections of documents and participants."
1474363725,"Following your colleagues' footprints: navigation support with trails in shared directories","Gams & Reich",2,0,7,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012833","Erich Gams, Sigi Reich","Erich Gams","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012833","Intranet, Navigation Support, Shared Directories, Trails","false","Trails are a well-established concept to assist users in navigating through information spaces. However, most existing trail-based systems focus only on the World Wide Web and not on the users’ overall information space, including corporate intranet shares or private file storage. We have adapted the trail approach specifically to fit shared directory scenarios. We describe an already developed prototype and report on results of a first user study, which indicate the usefulness of our approach."
1474363729,"Integrating the web and the world: contextual trails on the move","Hansen et al.",2,6,31,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012837","Frank Allan Hansen, Niels Olof Bouvin, Bent G. Christensen, Kaj Grønbæk, Torben Bach Pedersen, Jevgenij Gagach","Frank Allan Hansen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012837","Context aware Hypermedia, Open Hypermedia, SVG, XLink","false","This paper presents applications of HyCon, a framework for context aware hypermedia systems. The HyCon framework encompasses annotations, links, and guided tours associating locations and RFID- or Bluetooth-tagged objects with maps, Web pages, and collections of resources. The user-created annotations, links and guided tours, are represented as XLink structures, and HyCon introduces the use of XLink for the representation of recorded geographical paths with annotations and links. The HyCon architecture extends upon earlier location based hypermedia systems by supporting authoring in the field and by providing access to browsing and searching information through a novel geo-based search (GBS) interface for the Web. Interface-wise, the HyCon prototype utilizes SVG on an interface level, for graphics as well as for user interface widgets on tablet PCs and mobile phones."
1474363730,"Domestic hypermedia: mixed media in the home","Petersen & Grønbæk",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012838","Marianne Graves Petersen, Kaj Grønbæk","Marianne Graves Petersen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012838","Ubiquitous hypermedia, augmented reality, context awareness, domestic technology, multimedia, physical hypermedia","false","This paper analyses the potentials for use of hypermedia in homes based on empirical studies. The use of physical materials is characterized by collaborative spatial organization and persistent visual awareness. Qualities that are currently not well supported for digital materials. However, domestic materials, such as photos, music, messages. become digitized. Based on the analyses we propose a Domestic Hypermedia infrastructure combining spatial, context-aware and physical hypermedia to support collaborative structuring and ambient presentation of materials in homes."
1474363731,"Navigational hypertext models For physical hypermedia environments","Millard et al.",4,2,7,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012839","David E. Millard, David C. De Roure, Danius T. Michaelides, Mark K. Thompson, Mark J. Weal","David E. Millard","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012839","","false","In this paper we identify a common aim between ubiquitous computing and hypertext systems: the desire to present navigable, located and structured information. We propose that existing navigational hypertext models might be valuable as a formalisation of ubiquitous information and explore the challenges of applying standard hypertext operations, such as anchor resolution, display and link traversal, to links that have physical anchors."
1474363732,"Interaction alternatives for linking everyday presentations","Macedo et al.",3,0,7,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012840","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo, Jose Antonio Camacho-Guerrero, Renan G. Cattelan, Valter R. Inacio, Jr., Maria da Graca Campos Pimentel","Alessandra Alaniz Macedo","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012840","","false","Live experiences such as meetings and lectures can be captured in instrumented environments towards producing hyperdocuments corresponding to the information presented. Given that a captured presentation is usually related to many others, users can use linking facilities to support the identification of associated contents. We propose that searching and recommending operations be integrated in instrumented environments to support the identification of links among contents of captured sessions during a live session, when the user has the focus of attention on the underlying contents. Moreover, the user should be able to decide when any relevant results should be attached as annotations to the document corresponding to the live session. We present the model and associated implementation that support linking everyday presentations."
1474363734,"How much is too much in a hypertext link?: investigating context and preview -- a formative evaluation","Harper et al.",10,1,35,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012843","Simon Harper, Yeliz Yesilada, Carole Goble, Robert Stevens","Simon Harper","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012843","Document Engineering, Evaluation, Hypertext, Web Mobility","false","A high quality of free movement, or mobility, is key to the accessibility, design, and usability of many ‘common-use’ hypermedia resources (Web sites) and key to good mobility is context and preview. This is especially the case when a hypertext anchor is inaccurately described or is described out of context as confusion and disorientation can ensue. Mobility is similarly reduced when the link target of the anchor has no relationship to the expected information present on the hypertext node (Web page). Confident movement with purpose, ease, and accuracy can only be achieved when complete contextual information and an accurate description of the proposed destination (preview) are available. We suggest that sighted people can benefit from additional context and preview information included in hyperlinks and disprove the empirical evidence that suggests these users do not benefit from link descriptions which have this enhanced information. We briefly describe a middleware system to automatically expand context and preview in link descriptions thereby ‘fixing’ terse links, links out of context, and inaccurate or inadequate preview information. Finally, we conduct a formative evaluation which shows us that a system to expand context and preview would be useful in different ways depending on the type of link. collapse"
1474363735,"What hypertext is","Wardrip-Fruin",1,4,6,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012844","Noah Wardrip-Fruin","Noah Wardrip-Fruin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012844","Hypertext, hyperfilm, hypergram, hypermedia, stretchtext","false","Over the past couple decades, as the term “hypertext” has gained a certain popular currency, a question has been raised repeatedly: “What is hypertext?” Our most respected scholars offer a range of different, at times incompatible, answers. This paper argues that our best response to this situation is to adopt the approach taken with other terms that are central to intellectual communities (such as “natural selection,” “communism,” and “psychoanalysis”), a historical approach. In the case of “hypertext” the term began with Theodor Holm (“Ted”) Nelson, and in this paper two of his early publications of “hypertext” are used to determine its initial meaning: the 1965 “A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate” and the 1970 “No More Teachers’ Dirty Looks.” It is concluded that hypertext began as a term for forms of hypermedia (human-authored media that “branch or perform on request”) that operate textually. This runs counter to definitions of hypertext in the literary community that focus solely on the link. It also runs counter to definitions in the research community that privilege tools for knowledge work over media. An inclusive future is envisioned."
1474363736,"The end-point is not enough","Martin, Truran & Ashman",4,0,12,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012845","Duncan Martin, Mark Truran, Helen Ashman","Duncan Martin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012845","Link activators, link markers, triggers","false","The traditional definition of a link object is a collection of end-points, and link activation is achieved by selecting an end-point in some way. This model excludes links where the link activator is distinct from any end-point of the link. In this paper we introduce an extension to link modelling that allows for separate link activators. collapse"
1474363737,"Saving private hypertext: requirements and pragmatic dimensions for preservation","Marshall & Golovchinsky",6,1,39,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012847","Catherine C. Marshall, Gene Golovchinsky","Catherine C. Marshall","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012847","Archiving, Digital preservation, Hypertext","false","The preservation of literary hypertexts presents significant challenges if we are to ensure continued access to them as the underlying technology changes. Not only does such an effort involve standard digital preservation problems of representing and refreshing metadata, any constituent media types, and structure; hypertext preservation poses additional dimensions that arise from the work’s on-screen appearance, its interactive behavior, and the ways a reader’s interaction with the work is recorded. In this paper, we describe aspects of preservation introduced by literary hypertexts such as the need to reproduce their modes of interactivity and their means of capturing and using records of reading. We then suggest strategies for addressing the pragmatic dimensions of hypertext preservation and discuss their status within existing digital preservation schemes. Finally, we examine the possible roles various stakeholders within and outside of the hypertext community might assume, including several social and legal issues that stem from preservation. collapse"
1474363738,"Manipulating history in generative hypermedia","Khandelwal,Kerne & Mistrot",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012848","Madhur Khandelwal, Andruid Kerne, J. Michael Mistrot","Madhur Khandelwal","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012848","generative, history, non-linear, time travel","false","We continue to develop a generative hypermedia system that uses composition for browsing, collecting and organizing information samples from web pages. The system’s generative actions of collecting information samples and composing them visually are conducted iteratively over time, based on an adaptable user model. The system presents the ongoing generation of the composition to the user in an interactive information space. In this space, the user can directly manipulate the composition through interactive design operations, and affect the model by expressing positive or negative interest in each sample. We are developing mechanisms for manipulating the time-based medium of the evolving information space. Interaction design affords linear timeline traversal and non-linear time travel. Extended tape recorder metaphor controls, including jog-shuttle based navigation, provide the user with flexible means for operating the system’s generative functionalities, and linearly traversing session history. We introduce a door-latch metaphor that enables one of several considered forms of non-linear time travel. Users can change history by retroactively locking an information sample in position across time."
1474363739,"Experiences migrating microcosm learning materials","Davis & Bacon",2,0,5,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012849","H. C. Davis, R. A. Bacon","H. C. Davis","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012849","Authoring, Hypertext for Education, Microcosm","false","Microcosm was an open hypertext system that evolved in the early 1990s, before the advent of the Web. Apart from its success as a research platform it was widely used for presenting interactive educational materials. Since the commercial version of the product ceased to be supported it became necessary for users to migrate their educational materials, generally to the Web. However, the SToMP consortium chose to implement their own environment copying parts of the functionality of Microcosm in order to achieve their educational objectives. This paper examines the motivations of this work in order to understand whether there were features that were available in Microcosm that were not replicated in current Web based solutions. collapse"
1474363740,"Practical applitudes: case studies of applications of the ZigZag hypermedia system","Moore et al.",2,2,9,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012851","Adam Moore, James Goulding, Tim Brailsford, Helen Ashman","Adam Moore","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012851","Application, Applitude, Bioinformatics, Case Studies, PIM, ZigZag","false","ZigZag is a paradigm of hypermedia that consists of a multidimensional system of principled interconnections. Its basic features and specifications are now well known, but despite this, very few practical applications have been described or discussed. This paper examines two projects as case studies. These projects both use the unique properties of ZigZag in order to solve real-world problems. One of these case studies is a personal information management system for mobile phones, and the other is a bioinformatics visualization system. Although superficially extremely different, these areas both make use of information that is loosely structured and deeply interconnected."
1474363741,"A comparison of hyperstructures: zzstructures, mSpaces, and polyarchies","McGuffin & schraefel",5,2,27,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012852","Michael J. McGuffin, m. c. schraefel","Michael J. McGuffin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012852","Connective structures, ZigZag, edge-coloured graphs, mSpace, multitrees, polyarchies, zzstructures","false","Hypermedia applications tend to use simple representations for navigation: most commonly, nodes are organized within an unconstrained graph, and users are presented with embedded links or lists of links. Recently, new data structures have emerged which may serve as alternative models for both the organization, and presentation, of hypertextual nodes and links. In this paper, we consider zzstructures, mSpaces, and polyarchies from the perspective of graph theory, and compare these models formally. The novel aspects of this work include: providing a sound, graph-theoretic analysis of zzstructures; the identification of a new class of polyarchies associated with mSpaces; and the comparison and classification of these and other structures within a taxonomy. The taxonomy that results from our comparison allows us to consider, first; what the distinct characteristics of each model are at a fundamental level, and second; what model or attributes of a model may be most appropriate for the design goals of a given hypermedia application.
[Special Research Distinction for Excellent Presentation of Theoretical Concepts]"
1474363742,"Adaptivity in hyperfiction","Calvi",5,2,26,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012854","Licia Calvi","Licia Calvi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012854","Adaptive hyperfiction, conditional linking","false","Despite the announced “death of the author” that seemed to be perpetrated by the advent of a hypertext narrative, a closer look at existing hyperfictions and in particular at the theoretical analysis of its foundations (that demonstrates the existence of a distinction between a shallow text and a deep text, both of which represent the distinct space of activity of readers and authors) shows that this is by far not the case. If we accept this separation, we are also forced to accept the possibility for the author to exercise a wider power and stronger control on the text than she used to do before. This opens up a wider spectrum of possibilities of intervention if the author exploits adaptive techniques in hypertext narrative. The paper intends to investigate how adaptivity is used in hyperfiction and to propose an interpretative grid for better understanding and future use."
1474363743,"Dynamically growing hypertext collections","Dave et al.",4,1,38,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012855","Pratik Dave, Paul Logasa Bogen, II, Unmil P. Karadkar, Luis Francisco-Revilla, Richard Furuta, Frank Shipman","Pratik Dave","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012855","Hypertext collections, Path-centric browsing, RSS, WWW, Walden’s Paths, Web Site Syndication","false","Many approaches have been pursued over the years to facilitate creating, organizing, and sharing collections of materials extracted from large information spaces. Little attention, in the context of hypertext collections, has been paid to the addition of new materials to these collections over time. Traditionally, human maintainers manually incorporate new materials into existing collections as they appear in the underlying network. In this paper we address the issues involved in supporting the creation and maintenance of dynamically growing hypertextual collections. We describe a prototype implementation for automatically including additional, relevant materials into Web-based collections. Our prototype uses the metaphor of hypertextual paths, a proven technique for layering metastructure atop existing hypertextual materials, which is particularly well suited to accommodating growing collections."
1474363744,"A genetic algorithm approach to interactive narrative generation","Ong & Leggett",0,2,3,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012856","TeongJoo Ong, John J. Leggett","TeongJoo Ong","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012856","Storytelling engines, genetic algorithms, interactive narrative","false","We discuss the design of the Hybrid Evolutionary-Fuzzy Time-based Interactive (HEFTI) storytelling engine. HEFTI uses genetic algorithms at its core to recombine and evaluate story components generated from a set of story templates. The system allows authors to rely on HEFTI to perform recombination, mutation and selection operations that generate logically congruent variants of the original story via traversal, generation and deletion of (links in) the story elements."
1474363745,"Augmenting SCORM manifests with adaptive links","Abdullah, Bailey & Davis",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012857","Nor Aniza Abdullah, Christopher Bailey, Hugh Davis","Nor Aniza Abdullah","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012857","Adaptive Hypermedia, AuldLinky, FOHM, SCORM","false","This paper describes an experiment to augment SCORM manifests with adaptive links using AuldLinky in order to promote content reusability, interoperability and personalized e-learning. Our technique involves the automatic deduction of a concept map from a manifest and the transformation of its pertinent elements into FOHM (Fundamental Object Hypermedia Model) objects before augmenting the information with complimentary and adaptive links using AuldLinky."
1474363746,"The molhado hypertext versioning system","Nguyen, Munson & Boyland",8,1,49,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012859","Tien N. Nguyen, John T. Boyland, Ethan V. Munson","Tien N. Nguyen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012859","Hypertext Versioning, Software Configuration Management, Software Engineering, Version Control","false","This paper describes Molhado, a hypertext versioning and software configuration management system that is distinguished from previous systems by its flexible product versioning and structural configuration management model. The model enables a unified versioning framework for atomic and composite software artifacts, and hypermedia structures among them in a fine-grained manner at the logical level. Hypermedia structures are managed separately from documents’ contents. Molhado explicitly represents hyperlinks, allowing them to be browsed, visualized, and systematically analyzed. Molhado not only versions complex hypermedia structures (e.g., multi links), but also supports versioning of individual hyperlinks. This paper focuses on Molhado’s hypertext versioning and its use in the Software Concordance environment to manage the evolution of a software project and hypermedia structures."
1474363747,"Hypertext versioning for embedded link models","Pan, Whitehead & Ge",5,0,18,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012860","Kai Pan, E. James Whitehead, Jr., Guozheng Ge","Kai Pan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012860","Containment model, HTML versioning, SCM, hypertext versioning, link versioning, structure versioning, version control system","false","In this paper, we describe Chrysant, a hypertext version control system for embedded link models. Chrysant provides general-purpose versioning capability to hypertext systems with an embedded link model. To apply Chrysant for a specific hypertext system, we require the containment model for this system’s data model, the containment model of the version repository for this system, the hypertext role definition, the versioning role definition, and the filesystem mapping definition. Additionally, a specific parser that retrieves the link targets from the hypertext resources is needed. Hypertext versioning is different from versioning an individual resource in the traditional way, in that both the content of a hypertext resource and the relationships between it and other resources related by hypertext links are versioned. In Chrysant, the structure container and the content of a hypertext resource are versioned separately. We describe the architecture of Chrysant, and explain the procedure of the check-in and check-out functions. An AF-BTU algorithm is introduced in the paper to check in the hypertext network of a hypertext resource. As a case study, the application of Chrysant for HTML content is introduced. We create necessary definition specifications for the HTML system and a parser to retrieve link targets from a HTML document. Some examples of HTML versioning with Chrysant are shown."
1474363748,"Automatic generation of hypertext system repositories: a model driven approach","Whitehead, Ge & Pan",7,0,28,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012861","E. James Whitehead, Jr., Guozheng Ge, Kai Pan","E. James Whitehead, Jr.","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012861","Automatic code generation, Containment Modeling Framework, Hypertext data models, Model-driven development, Open Hyperbase","false","In this paper, we present a model-driven methodology and toolset for automatic generation of hypertext system repositories. Our code generator, called Bamboo, is based on a Containment Modeling Framework (CMF) that uniformly describes data models for hypertext systems. CMF employs a lightweight modeling approach in which entities (system abstractions) and containment relationships are used to model hypertext system repositories. Given a description of a system repository data model using CMF, as well as a specification of the mapping between the domain specific roles (link, version history, etc.) and the entity definitions, Bamboo can generate an open hypertext repository that matches the specification. The benefits of this approach include a shorter development cycle, lower design and implementation costs, fewer design faults, a standard repository API, and extensibility for adding new features. We validate our approach by automatically generating repositories in accordance with the models of five existing hypertext systems. We also demonstrate the extensibility of our approach by quickly building a GUI client on top of a repository, and then subsequently adding version control capabilities by altering the containment model and regenerating the system."
1474363749,"Towards 'cinematic' hypertext","Mancini & Buckingham Shum",10,1,34,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012863","Clara Mancini, Simon Buckingham Shum","Clara Mancini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012863","Cinematic Language, Cognitive Coherence Relations, Discourse Patterns, Dynamic Visual Patterns, Hypertext Discourse Coherence, Hypertext Languages, Visual Languages","false","This paper proposes the paradigm of ‘Cinematic’ Hypertext (CH), in which discourse form is represented following principles that underpin the expression of narrative patterns in cinema. Primarily tackling hypertext discourse coherence in the non-linear medium, CH is conceived as a way of thinking the hypertext medium that is consistent with its characteristics. CH envisages the consistent and concurrent use of the medium’s formal features, grounded in structuring principles, in order to allow the emergence of a local language. Relational primitives based on Cognitive Coherence Relations are proposed as a structuring principle to define hypertext links, while the use the medium’s graphic features is proposed to render these relational primitives as patterns that will take shape during navigation. Taking scholarly hypertext as a domain, this paper articulates the theoretical basis for cinematic hypertext, presents the elements of a prototype visual language to express a sub-set of CCR, provides experimental evidence of its significance, and finally envisages the realisation of a cinematic hypertext environment."
1474363750,"Integrating information seeking and structuring: exploring the role of spatial hypertext in a digital library","Buchanan et al.",4,5,21,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012864","George Buchanan, Ann Blandford, Harold Thimbleby, Matt Jones","George Buchanan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012864","Spatial hypertext, digital libraries, information retrieval","true","This paper presents Garnet, a novel spatial hypertext interface to a digital library. Garnet supports both information structuring - via spatial hypertext - and traditional information seeking - via a digital library. A user study of Garnet is reported, together with an analysis of how the organizing work done by users in a spatial hypertext workspace could support later information seeking. The use of Garnet during the study is related to both digital library and spatial hypertext research. Spatial hypertexts support the detection of implicit document groups in a user’s workspace. The study also investigates the degree of similarity found in the full text of documents within such document groups."
1474363751,"WARP: a web-based dynamic spatial hypertext","Francisco-Revilla & Shipman",1,6,3,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012865","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Frank M. Shipman, III","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012865","Adaptive, Dynamic, Multiple models, Spatial Hypertext","true","WARP is a Web-based dynamic spatial hypertext that runs in a Web browser. WARP includes the ability to transclude other spatial hypertexts as collections. WARP also enables annotation and other content manipulation to be preserved in personal reading sessions. WARP uses a variety of presentation adaptations to contextualize the spatial hypertext’s display. In particular WARP uses a variable number of models to guide adaptation in response to multiple relevant factors. Behaviors in WARP help preserve perceptual structures that may be lost due to adaptation and user interaction."
1474363752,"Managing conflict in multi-model adaptive hypertext","Francisco-Revilla & Shipman",1,1,4,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012866","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Frank M. Shipman, III","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012866","Adaptive, Dynamic, Multiple models, Spatial Hypertext","false","Adaptive hypermedia has the goal of contextualizing the display of a hypertext to suit the user and their situation. A variety of aspects of the context can influence the appropriate adaptation. For knowledge engineering and privacy reasons, systems are moving towards having multiple independent models influencing adaptation. But these multiple models may disagree, resulting in a need for systems to manage the resulting conflicts. This paper presents an approach that combines conflict avoidance, conflict detection, and conflict resolution. This approach is presented within the context of multi-model adaptive spatial hypertext."
1474363753,"Rethinking structural computing infrastructures","Nürnberg, Wiil & Hicks",5,2,18,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012868","Peter J. Nürnberg, Uffe K. Wiil, David L. Hicks","Peter J. Nürnberg","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012868","EAD, infrastructure, structural atom, structural computing","false","Structural computing asserts the primacy of structure over data. This has often been understood to mean that all levels of a structural computing system architecture should exhibit structure awareness, leading to data models centered around so-called “structural atoms.” While systems based upon structural atoms do provide ubiquitous first-class structural abstractions, they also freeze the “granularity” of the structuring process throughout their architectures at design-time. That is, decisions regarding representations of structures in structural computing architectures based upon atoms cannot be recast at run-time. In this paper, we examine an alternative to atom-based models for structural computing systems that allows exactly such recasting. We demonstrate how this alternative model, which we call EAD, is superior to atom-based models for certain important applications, and describe our initial prototypical implementations."
1474363754,"Towards a structural diversity space","Hicks, Wiil & Nürnberg",7,0,28,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012869","David L. Hicks, Uffe Kock Wiil, Peter J. Nürnberg","David L. Hicks","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012869","structural computing, structural diversity, structure domain","false","One of the most visible and significant effects of the introduction and use of hypermedia technology has been to substantially increase the variety of structures available in computing environments. As research in the hypermedia field has progressed, the pace at which structure evolves has increased. While the rise in diversity of hypermedia structure has generally been regarded as a positive development, as with many phenomena, it is important to examine structural diversity carefully to avoid the problems that excessive diversity can bring, and to ensure the complete spectrum of potentially beneficial forms of diversity is considered. This paper introduces a diversity space that can serve as an important tool in the study of structural diversity in hypermedia. The purposes of the diversity space are manifold including: to serve as a description space in which the structural diversity of a specific computing environment can be completely and concisely described, to highlight and assist in reconciling differences in structural diversity between computing environments, and to serve as a useful design space in which important diversity related decisions can be considered. To demonstrate the usage of the diversity space, it is first used as a tool to examine the way in which structural diversity developed within the hypermedia field. It is then used to characterize and consider the levels of structural diversity found in the class of computing environments that currently exhibit the highest levels of structural diversity: structural computing systems."
1474363755,"Unifying structure, behavior, and data with themis types and templates","Lepthien & Anderson",5,4,19,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012870","William Van Lepthien, Kenneth M. Anderson","William Van Lepthien","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012870","Chimera, Themis, structural computing, templates, types","false","Structural computing evolved from work on open hypermedia to aid in the creation of software infrastructure. Open hypermedia had produced software that provided applications with access to hypermedia structures and services. The question was asked if these results could be generalized to create similar tools for other domains. Initial work focused on the development of structure servers that can create and manipulate domain-specific structures, but little work focused on allowing those structures to provide a rich set of behaviors. Indeed, this forced developers to place behaviors on the client rather than having behaviors live within a structure server. This paper presents research on the addition of a type system to the Themis structure server and how these types interact with Themis’s template mechanism to provide a single interface that unifies structure, behavior, and data. This new mechanism lets behaviors live within a structure server allowing them to be shared by client applications. To demonstrate its power, Themis is being used to re-implement the Chimera open hypermedia system."
1474363756,"When open hypermedia meets peer-to-peer computing","Zhou, Hall & De Roure",1,1,8,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012872","Jing Zhou, Wendy Hall, David De Roure","Jing Zhou","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012872","Open hypermedia, Peer-to-peer, Re-organisation","false","We describe the extension to our previous work on a Web-based peer-to-peer open hypermedia system, the DDLS. We enrich the peer model by introducing query history, and propose the use of the naive estimator which utilises the local knowledge of peers to estimate future information needs they would encounter. Our simulation proves that this statistical technique helps re-organise the DDLS peer network to enhance the performance of resource discovery."
1474363757,"HyperPeer: searching for resemblance in a P2P network","Larsen & Bouvin",2,0,7,"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HYPERTEXT '04","2004","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1012807.1012873","Rene Dalsgaard Larsen, Niels Olof Bouvin","Rene Dalsgaard Larsen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1012807.1012873","Open Hypermedia, Peer-to-peer, Search, WWW","false","This paper presents HyperPeer, a framework for developing peer-to-peer based hypermedia. The distribution of hypermedia structures is handled through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, allowing for highly scalable sharing between users. A central challenge of all decentralized systems is to locate material of interest and this paper presents the HyperPeer Hierarchy of Resemblance (HR) searching algorithm, which provides an efficient search as well as partitioning of the network into groups of common interest."
1474366983,"Hyperlink analysis on the world wide web","Henzinger",1,0,24,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083357","Monika Henzinger","Monika Henzinger","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083357","","false","We give a short survey of the use of hyperlink analysis in web search engine ranking and sketch other applications of hyperlink analysis in the web space."
1474366984,"Hypermedia technology for knowledge workers: a vision of the future","Wiil",4,3,14,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083358","Uffe Kock Wiil","Uffe Kock Wiil","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083358","","false","Hypermedia is about structure. Right from the beginning in 1945 when Vannevar Bush described the Memory Extender (Memex), hypermedia researchers have envisioned the use of hypermedia technology to help support knowledge workers in their knowledge organization tasks. Although much has been achieved since 1945, there is still a long way to go before we have achieved the full potential of hypermedia technology for knowledge workers. This paper presents a quick view of the history of hypermedia technology for knowledge workers, identifies some issues with respect to the current work, and presents a vision of the future as well as a call for a joint community effort."
1474366985,"Philadelphia fullerine: a case study in three-dimensional hypermedia","Matias",6,1,13,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083360","J. Nathan Matias","J. Nathan Matias","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083360","Authoring, Gzz, Tinderbox, ZigZag, creative nonfiction, directional links, hypermedia topology, implicit structure, information triage, sculptural hypertext, sculpture, spatial hypertext, transclusion, zzstructure","false","Philadelphia Fullerine, a geodesic hypermedia sculpture designed by the author, is about ethnic and lower class life in mid-19th century Philadelphia. Each of the 60 faces presents primary image material and a short audio documentary. Adjacent faces are linked conceptually. This geodesic sphere has full rotational freedom. Viewers are encouraged to begin anywhere and follow any path of adjacency. This paper examines the underlying theory, design methods, and structure of the sculpture as a case study in the applications and challenges of creating, storing, and navigating three-dimensional hyperstructures with spatial hypertext software and GZigZag."
1474366986,"A tactile web browser for the visually disabled","Rotard, Knödler & Ertl",2,0,29,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083361","Martin Rotard, Sven Knödler, Thomas Ertl","Martin Rotard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083361","Adaptive Hypertext, Multi-modal Interfaces, Tactile Graphics, Universal Access","false","The dissemination of information available through the World Wide Web makes universal access more and more important and supports visually disabled people in their everyday life. In this paper we present a new approach for visually disabled people to browse and interact with web pages. Up to now graphical information is mostly ignored in transformations for visually disabled people. We propose a web browser, which uses a transformation schema to render web pages on a tactile graphics display. Bitmap images and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) can be explored in a special mode, in which filters can be applied and zooming is possible. Mathematical expressions encoded in the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) are transformed into LaTeX or into a notation for visually disabled people. The web browser supports voice output to read text paragraphs and to provide feedback on interactions to the users."
1474366987,"Spotlight browsing of resource archives","Mulholland, Collins & Zdrahal",5,1,29,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083362","Paul Mulholland, Trevor Collins, Zdenek Zdrahal","Paul Mulholland","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083362","Digital collections, browsing behavior, content structuring, narrative, ontologies, resource archives","false","Many organizations, particularly in the heritage sector, have large archives of digital content that they could make available to the general public or special interest groups if they had the appropriate mechanisms. Currently, these organizations can develop pre-crafted web sites, simple database-driven web sites or search facilities for accessing the content. However, none of these can be expected to appropriately present this content or scaffold its effective use. Our proposed solution is an approach to navigation that we term spotlight browsing. It has the following key features: (i) Users can select a collection of resources from the archive, shining a spotlight on this area of the archive; (ii) The collection is structured in a number of ways to support its exploration and convey interesting properties of the collection; (iii) Users can see what is on the periphery of their current collection in order to encourage further exploration; (iv) Users can redefine the collection in order to move their spotlight to another area of the archive; (v) Any item viewed while browsing can be bookmarked into a personal collection that can be built up using resources from many different spotlights. The approach has been implemented and tested using an archive of content from a heritage institution."
1474366988,"Semantically enhanced browsing for blind people in the WWW","Salampasis, Kouroupetroglou & Manitsaris",2,0,5,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083363","Michail Salampasis, Christos Kouroupetroglou, Athanasios Manitsaris","Michail Salampasis","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083363","Semantic Web, Voice web browser, information seeking","false","The WWW is today the biggest source of information and an essential tool for many activities of daily life. Unfortunately, information seeking in this complex hypermedia environment is generally not an easy task. The potentially complex task of information seeking in the WWW is further complicated when the end-user is blind or visually impaired (VI). Usually, web pages are created without taken accessibility into account and without using HTML markup correctly to express the functional structure of documents. Both facts pose a lot of problems to VI during information seeking in the web. In this paper we discuss problems related to this issue and how the information seeking process in the WWW could become more effective and efficient for the VI. We also present an ongoing research effort, inspired from the idea of Semantic Web, aiming to enhance browsing efficiency as a result of rationalizing the way VI browse the WWW."
1474366989,"From the writable web to global editability","Di Iorio & Vitali",3,2,46,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083365","Angelo Di Iorio, Fabio Vitali","Angelo Di Iorio","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083365","Web authoring, collaboration, customization, data collection, global editability","false","The technical and competence requirements for writing content on the web is still one of the major factors that widens the gap between authors and readers. Although tools that support an easy approach to web writing, such as blogs and wikis, are becoming increasingly important and mainstream, they still lack in terms of layout and typographical sophistication, and, most importantly, only allow local editing (on the pages that are stored by the application itself). In this paper we re-propose an old paradigm for writing content on the net, directly derived from the Xanadu vision by Ted Nelson: global editability foresees that all documents on the web can be accessed for editing and modified on line, very much as in a global wiki. Global editability needs to address a number of issues, including correct support for intellectual property and legal issues, before it can be accepted as an idea. We provide some considerations on technical issues of global editability, and describe the architecture and implementation of a system, called IsaWiki, that is being developed at the University of Bologna."
1474366990,"Feral hypertext: when hypertext literature escapes control","Walker",6,6,46,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083366","Jill Walker","Jill Walker","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083366","Hypertext, domestication, emergence, ethnoclassification, fiction, folksonomy, history, links, literature, semantic web","false","This paper presents a historical view of hypertext looking at pre-web hypertext as a domesticated species bred in captivity, and arguing that on the web, some breeds of hypertext have gone feral. Feral hypertext is no longer tame and domesticated, but is fundamentally out of our control. In order to understand and work with feral hypertext, we need to accept this and think more as hunter-gatherers than as the farmers we have been for domesticated hypertext. The paper discusses hypertext in general with an emphasis on literary and creative hypertext practice."
1474366991,"Mind the semantic gap","Millard et al.",17,0,30,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083367","David E. Millard, Nicholas M. Gibbins, Danius T. Michaelides, Mark J. Weal","David E. Millard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083367","Hypertext Formality, Hypertext Semantics","false","Hypertext can be seen as a logic representation, where semantics are encoded in both the textual nodes and the graph of links. Systems that have a very formal representation of these semantics are able to manipulate the hypertexts in a sophisticated way; for example by adapting them or sculpting them at run-time. However, hypertext systems which require the author to write in terms of structures with explicit semantics are difficult/costly to write in, and can be seen as too restrictive by certain authors because they do not allow the playful ambiguity often associated with literary hypertext. In this paper we present a vector-based model of the formality of semantics in hypertext systems, where the vectors represent the translation of semantics from author to system and from system to reader. We categorise a variety of existing systems and draw out some general conclusions about the profiles they share. We believe that our model will help hypertext system designers analyse how their own systems formalise semantics, and will warn them when they need to mind the Semantic Gap between authors and readers."
1474366992,"Constraints in spatial structures","Atzenbeck & Nürnberg",2,1,9,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083368","Claus Atzenbeck, Peter J. Nürnberg","Claus Atzenbeck","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083368","WildDocs, bindings, collections, hypermedia, knowledge representation, knowledge work, spatial structures, user interface design","true","People have become used to paper as an information carrier over thousands of years. Paper is usually easy to handle and has been adopted as a metaphor for information structures in computer applications. This article gives a brief overview of our analysis on real world bindings. We further compare those to some metaphor-based spatial structure applications. We conclude that the high abstract implementation level in spatial structure applications takes away additional metainformation that may be useful for the user to find information quicker."
1474366993,"As we may perceive: inferring logical documents from hypertext","Dmitriev, Lagoze & Suchkov",5,0,27,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083370","Carl Lagoze, Pavel Dmitriev, Boris Suchkov","Pavel Dmitriev","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083370","Clustering, Compound Documents, WWW","false","In recent years, many algorithms for the Web have been developed that work with information units distinct from individual web pages. These include segments of web pages or aggregation of web pages into web communities. Such logical information units improve a variety of web algorithms and provide the building blocks for the construction of organized information spaces such as digital libraries. In this paper, we focus on a type of logical information units called “compound documents”. We argue that the ability to identify compound documents can improve information retrieval, automatic metadata generation, and navigation on the Web. We propose a unified framework for identifying the boundaries of compound documents, which combines both structural and content features of constituent web pages. The framework is based on a combination of machine learning and clustering algorithms, with the former algorithm supervising the latter one. We also propose a new method for evaluating quality of clusterings, based on a user behavior model. Experiments on a collection of educational web sites show that our approach can reliably identify most of the compound documents on these sites."
1474366994,"Supporting the generation of argument structure within video sequences","Bocconi, Nack & Hardman",8,1,23,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083371","Stefano Bocconi, Frank Nack, Lynda Hardman","Stefano Bocconi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083371","Argument Structure, Automatic Linking, Hypermedia, Structured Annotations, Thesaurus","false","We describe our approach to the automatic generation of argument structures in the domain of video documentaries. Our approach releases control of the final video sequencing from the film maker/annotator to the system and thus allows users to select their own documentaries for viewing. Each video segment is annotated using a formal structure filled in with terms from a thesaurus. The annotations are used for finding and combining video segments into a final presentation. In order to influence the documentaries that can be generated, we introduce three methods for the annotator to evaluate the effectiveness of the annotations and to influence the process of automatic link generation."
1474366995,"Searching a file system using inferred semantic links","Bhagwat & Polyzotis",2,1,5,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083372","Deepavali Bhagwat, Neoklis Polyzotis","Deepavali Bhagwat","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083372","Eureka, File System, Ranking, Search Engine","false","We describe Eureka, a file system search engine that takes into account the inherent relationships among files in order to improve the rankings of search results. The key idea is to automatically infer semantic links within the file system, and use the structure of the links to determine the importance of different files and essentially bias the result rankings. We discuss the inference of semantic links and describe the design of the Eureka search engine."
1474366996,"Distributed, real-time computation of community preferences","Lutkenhouse, Nelson & Bollen",4,2,32,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083374","Thomas Lutkenhouse, Michael L. Nelson, Johan Bollen","Thomas Lutkenhouse","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083374","Buckets, Link Computation, Smart Objects, Traversal Patterns","false","We describe the integration of smart digital objects with Hebbian learning to create a distributed, real-time, scalable approach to adapting to a community’s preferences. We designed an experiment using popular music as the subject matter. Each digital object corresponded to a music album and contained links to other music albums. By dynamically generating links among digital objects according to user traversal patterns, then hierarchically organizing these links according to shared metadata values, we created a network of digital objects that self-organized in real-time according to the preferences of the user community. Furthermore, the similarity between user preferences and generated link structure was more pronounced between collections of objects aggregated by shared metadata values."
1474366997,"Higher-order rank analysis for web structure","Horie, Yamaguchi & Kashiwabara",6,0,16,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083375","Ikumi Horie, Kazunori Yamaguchi, Kenji Kashiwabara","Ikumi Horie","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083375","AFA, Link analysis, Web graph, non-well-founded set theory, structural analysis","false","In this paper, we propose a method for the structural analysis of Web sites. The Web has become one of the most widely used media for electronic information because of its great flexibility. However, this flexibility has led to complicated structures. A structure that differs from the typical structures in a Web site might confuse readers, thus reducing the effectiveness of the site. A method for detecting unusual structures would be useful for identifying such structures so that their impact can be studied and ways to improve Web site effectiveness developed. We viewed the Web as a directed graph, and introduced a higher-order rank based on the non-well-founded set theory. We then developed higher-order rank analysis for detecting irregularities, defined as structures which differ from the typical structure of a target site. To test the effectiveness of our method, we applied it to several Web sites in actual use, and succeeded in identifying irregular structures in the sites."
1474366998,"Parsing and interpreting ambiguous structures in spatial hypermedia","Francisco-Revilla & Shipman",10,5,22,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083376","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Frank Shipman","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083376","Spatial Hypertext, spatial parsers","true","When reflecting on information, spatial hypermedia users express their understanding of the information’s structure visually. In order to facilitate this process, spatial hypermedia uses spatial parsers that enable systems to infer the structure of information based on the implicit relationships between components of the representation. This paper describes the two main purposes of spatial parsers in spatial hypermedia systems and how particular parsing approaches and features influence their effectiveness and responsiveness. An alternative approach that provides better support for ambiguity and adaptability is instantiated in FLAPS, an adaptive spatial parser that uses fuzzy-logic in order to infer the implicit structure of spatial hypermedia. The comparison of FLAPS to other parsers reveals benefits of supporting ambiguous structures by computing multiple possible interpretations and identifies limitations that provide goals for future spatial parsers."
1474366999,"What is the space for?: the role of space in authoring hypertext representations","Yamamoto et al.",9,1,40,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083378","Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Kumiyo Nakakoji, Yoshiyuki Nishinaka, Mitsuhiro Asada, Ryouichi Matsuda","Yasuhiro Yamamoto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083378","Spatial hypertext, amplifying representational talkback, creative knowledge work, interaction design, separation of means from end","false","This paper describes our approach of using spatial hypertext as a means separated from an end representation for hypertext authoring. By taking advantage of the power of rich interpretation and constant grounding capabilities of a spatial hypertext representation, ART001, ART006, and ART014 use spatial hypertext as a means for authoring linear, hierarchical, and network structures, respectively. The role of the space of the tools includes controlling a structure and annotating a structure. The three prototyped tools have been developed to demonstrate what visual interaction design concerns need to be taken into account to integrate a spatial hypertext as a means with another structural representation as an end. The paper concludes with a discussion of what it means to separate representations as a means from those as an end in hypertext authoring."
1474367000,"High-level translation of adaptive hypermedia applications","Ramp, De Bra & Brusilovsky",2,2,10,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083379","Ewald Ramp, Paul De Bra, Peter Brusilovsky","Ewald Ramp","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083379","Authoring, adaptation, conversion","false","In the early years of the adaptive hypermedia research a large number of special-purpose adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) have been developed, to illustrate research ideas, or to serve a single application. Many of these systems are now obsolete. In this paper we propose to bring new life to these applications by means of translation to a general purpose adaptive hypermedia architecture. We illustrate that this approach can work by showing a high-level translation from InterBook [2] to AHA! [5]. Such a translation consists of three parts: the structure of concepts and concept relationships needs to be translated, the adaptive behavior for these concept relationships must be defined, and the layout and presentation of the source application must be “simulated”. Our high-level translation covers all three parts."
1474367001,"Evaluation of adaptive hypermedia systems' conversion","Cristea et al.",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083380","Alexandra Cristea, Helen Ashman, Craig Stewart, Paul Cristea","Alexandra Cristea","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083380","adaptive hypermedia, authoring, evaluation, interoperability","false","Conversion between different adaptive hypermedia systems has barely been proposed, yet alone tested in realistic settings. This paper presents the evaluation of the interoperability of two adaptive (educational) hypermedia systems, MOT and WHURLE. The evaluation is performed with the help of a class of thirty-one students enrolled in the fourth year of the “Politehnica” University of Bucharest, who were taking a one-week intensive course on Adaptive Hypermedia. This paper describes and interprets our first experiments of the “write once, deliver many” paradigm of adaptive hypermedia creation."
1474367002,"Augmented hyperbooks through conceptual integration","Falquet, Nerima & Ziswiler",4,0,6,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083381","Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima, Jean-Claude Ziswiler","Gilles Falquet","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083381","Hyperbook, digital library, link inference, ontology, ontology matching, virtual document","false","We describe the automatic transformation of a traditional electronic document into a augmented, virtual document. After converting the content into a “small-scale” hyperbook structure with an ontology and textual fragments, we calculate semantic similarity relations between the concepts of this hyperbook and a reference hyperbook. We finally rebuild the document by involving the retrieved hyperlinks. The aim is to show that the integration process also works without a highly detailed ontological structure of the source document."
1474367003,"Processing link structures and linkbases in the web's open world linking","Bry & Eckert",4,1,19,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083383","François Bry, Michael Eckert","François Bry","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083383","Hyperlink, Link Modeling and Processing, Linkbase, XLink","false","Hyperlinks are an essential feature of the World Wide Web, highly responsible for its success. XLink improves on HTML’s linking capabilities in several ways. In particular, links after XLink can be “out-of-line” (i.e., not defined at a link source) and collected in (possibly several) linkbases, which considerably ease building complex link structures. Regarding its architecture as a distributed and open system, the Web differs significantly from traditional hypermedia systems. Modeling of link structures and processing of linkbases under the Web’s “open world linking” require rethinking the traditional approaches. This, unfortunately, has been rather neglected in the design of XLink. Adding a notion of “interface” to XLink, as suggested in this work, can considerably improve modeling of link structures. When a link structure is traversed, the relevant linkbase(s) might become ambiguous. We suggest three linkbase management modes governing the binding of a linkbase to a document to resolve this ambiguity."
1474367006,"A system for visualizing and analyzing the evolution of the web with a time series of graphs","Toyoda & Kitsuregawa",2,1,19,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083387","Masashi Toyoda, Masaru Kitsuregawa","Masashi Toyoda","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083387","Visualization, Web graph, evolution, link analysis, link spamming","false","We propose WebRelievo, a system for visualizing and analyzing the evolution of the web structure based on a large Web archive with a series of snapshots. It visualizes the evolution with a time series of graphs, in which nodes are web pages, and edges are relationships between pages. Graphs can be clustered to show the overview of changes in graphs. WebRelievo aligns these graphs according to their time, and automatically determines their layout keeping positions of nodes synchronized over time, so that the user can keep track pages and clusters. This visualization enables us to understand when pages appeared, how their relationships have evolved, and how clusters are merged and split over time. Current implementation of WebRelievo is based on six Japanese web archives crawled from 1999 to 2003. The user can interactively browse those graphs by changing the focused page and by changing layouts of graphs. Using WebRelievo we can answer historical questions, and to investigate changes in trends on the Web. We show the feasibility of WebRelievo by applying it to tracking trends in P2P systems and search engines for mobile phones, and to investigating link spamming."
1474367007,"Activity links: supporting communication and reflection about action","Hsieh & Shipman",8,2,26,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083388","Haowei Hsieh, Frank Shipman","Haowei Hsieh","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083388","History, history activity, history event, multimedia, reflections, spatial hypertext, time factor","false","Tasks that take place over a long period of time or collaborative tasks where participants are required to develop an understanding of each other’s effort benefit from better communication about activities. We are exploring facilities for linking directly ... expand"
1474367009,"The evolving mSpace platform: leveraging the semantic web on the trail of the memex","schraefel et al.",5,0,40,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083391","m. c. schraefel, Daniel A. Smith, Alisdair Owens, Alistair Russell, Craig Harris, Max Wilson","m. c. schraefel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083391","Bush, Semantic Web, association, hypertext, mSpace, memex","false","Vannevar Bush proposed the memex as a means to support building knowledge in the way he says the human brain works: by association. Achieving this vision has been a core motivation for hypertext research. In this paper, we suggest first that Bush’s memex reflects an interaction paradigm rather than system design. Second, we propose that Semantic Web promises to provide the mechanisms to enable these interaction requirements. Third, we propose the mSpace framework and architecture as a platform to deploy lightweight Semantic Web applications which foreground associative interaction. We propose this lightweight approach as a means to evaluate both interaction needs and the cost/benefits of using Semantic Web technologies to support them."
1474367010,"Improving adaptation in web-based educational hypermedia by means of knowledge discovery","Krištofič & Bieliková",1,1,21,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083392","Andrej Krištofič, Mária Bieliková","Andrej Krištofič","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083392","Adaptive web-based educational hypermedia, adaptive navigation, concept recommendation, knowledge discovery, usage patterns","false","Most adaptive web-based hypermedia systems adapt presentation of the content and/or navigation using predefined set of rules. Considering different behavior and preferences of each user it may be hard to generalize and construct all appropriate rules in advance. This problem is more noticeable in educational adaptive hypermedia systems, where adaptation to individual learning style of a student is important for the student to effectively assess particular domain. In this paper we present techniques for data mining, which can be used to discover knowledge about students’ behavior during learning, as well as techniques, which take advantage of such knowledge to recommend students lessons they should study next. We also describe a process of recommendation based on knowledge discovery and present an architecture of a web-based system, which uses proposed approach to improve adaptation. Proposed architecture is independent of actual adaptive hypermedia system used."
1474367011,"Queries as anchors: selection by association","Amitay et al.",3,0,22,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083393","Einat Amitay, Adam Darlow, David Konopnicki, Uri Weiss","Einat Amitay","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083393","Index enhancement, Reformulation analysis, document expansion","false","This paper introduces a new method for linking the world view of the search engine user community with that of the search engine itself. This new method is based on collecting and aggregating associative query trails in the form of query reformulation sessions. Those associative query trails are then used to expand the documents indexed by the search engine. Our method is shown to reduce the time spent searching the index, reduce the need to reformulate queries, and also increase the proportion of queries which fulfill the user’s information need. Our work provides a mere glimpse into a new field of study by introducing new types of linking between documents and users’ world views. Such links from world views have never previously been considered content that can be indexed and searched over."
1474367015,"Fragment identifiers for plain text files","Wilde & Baschnagel",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083398","Erik Wilde, Marcel Baschnagel","Erik Wilde","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083398","Firefox, Plain Text, URI, XLink","false","Hypermedia systems like the Web heavily depend on their ability to link resources. One of the key features of the Web’s URIs is their ability to not only specify a resource, but to also identify a subresource within that resource, by using a fragment identifier. Fragment identification enables user to create better hypermedia. We present a proposal for fragment identifiers for plain text files, which makes it possible to identify character or line ranges, or subresources identified by regular expressions. Using these fragment identifiers, it is possible to create more specific hyperlinks, by not only linking to a complete plain text resource, but only the relevant part of it. Along with this proposal, a prototype implementation is described which can be used both as a server-side testbed and as a client-side extension for the Firefox browser."
1474367017,"Hypervideo expression: experiences with hyper-hitchcock","Shipman, Girgensohn & Wilcox",5,1,14,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083401","Frank Shipman, Andreas Girgensohn, Lynn Wilcox","Frank Shipman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083401","Hypervideo, Hypervideo Editing, Hypervideo Structures, Interactive Video, Link Behaviors","false","Hyper-Hitchcock is a hypervideo editor enabling the direct manipulation authoring of a particular form of hypervideo called “detail-on-demand video.” This form of hypervideo allows a single link out of the currently playing video to provide more details on the content currently being presented. A workspace is used to select, group, and arrange video clips into several linear sequences. Navigational links placed between the video elements are assigned labels and return behaviors appropriate to the goals of the hypervideo and the role of the destination video. Hyper-Hitchcock was used by students in a Computers and New Media class to author hypervideos on a variety of topics. The produced hypervideos provide examples of hypervideo structures and the link properties and behaviors needed to support them. Feedback from students identified additional link behaviors and features required to support new hypervideo genres. This feedback is valuable for the redesign of Hyper-Hitchcock and the design of hypervideo editors in general."
1474367018,"What the geeks know: hypertext and the problem of literacy","Moulthrop",0,1,33,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083402","Stuart Moulthrop","Stuart Moulthrop","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083402","Theory, archive, literacy, pedagogy, remediation","false","Recent theories of hypertext usefully emphasize continuity with earlier media; but in the general social environment, this continuity is not well understood, and may even be opposed in some quarters. The paper argues that we should define hypertext as the basis for a new version of general literacy and place greater emphasis on teaching in our agenda for applications and research."
1474367019,"StorySpinner: controlling narrative pace in hyperfiction","Hooper & Weal",4,0,7,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083403","Clare J. Hooper, Mark J. Weal","Clare J. Hooper","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083403","Hyperfiction, authoring, narratology, sculptural hypertext","false","This paper describes the StorySpinner system, a sculptural hypertext reader used as a test bed for experimenting with the authoring of narrative flow in automatically generated stories. An overview of the system is presented along with discussion and conclusions arising from initial user trials."
1474367020,"Advene: active reading through hypervideo","Aubert & Prié",8,1,36,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083405","Olivier Aubert, Yannick Prié","Olivier Aubert","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083405","Advene, Annotation, Audiovisual Information Visualisation, Document Template, Hypervideo, Sharing, Time and synchronisation","false","Active reading and hypermedia usage are an integral part of scholar daily practices, but the full exploitation of their potentialities still lies far ahead. In the search for new methods and tools, we focus in this article on the use of audiovisual material in a scholar context. One of the results of active reading applied to audiovisual material can be hypervideos, that we define as views on audiovisual documents associated with an annotation structure. The notion of hypervideo is useful to analyse existing video-based hypermedia systems as well as building new systems. The Advene project proposes an implementation of hypervideos through a framework that allows experimentations of new visualisation and interaction modalities for enriched videos."
1474367021,"Semantically annotated hypermedia services","Pandis, Karousos & Tiropanis",6,0,22,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083406","Ippokratis Pandis, Nikos Karousos, Thanassis Tiropanis","Ippokratis Pandis","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083406","Hypermedia Services Description Language (HSDL), Hypermedia Systems, Semantic Web technologies","false","Hypermedia systems’ researchers investigate the various approaches in the way documents and resources are linked, navigated and stored in a distributed environment. Unfortunately, those systems fail to provide effortlessly usable discrete services, since it is difficult both to discover and to invoke any of them. This paper proposes the usage of emerging technologies that try to augment the Web resources with semantics in order to provide Hypermedia services that can be easily discovered, and integrated by potential third party developers. In this context, we analyze the benefits for the Hypermedia community upon the adoption of Semantic Web technologies for the description of Hypermedia services, and we implement an initial corresponding ontology."
1474367023,"The 3D sonification of links in physical hypermedia environments","Millard & Ross",3,0,9,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083409","David E. Millard, Martin Ross","David E. Millard","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083409","Hypermedia Interfaces, Physical Hypermedia, Sonification","false","Sonification is the technique of generating sounds from complex data in order to represent that data to a human being. With 3d audio it is possible to place these sounds in a 3d soundscape around a listener. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using 3d sonification in physical hypermedia environments. We present our early experiences of developing a 3d sonification simulator based on Open Hypermedia technology."
1474367024,"RSS as a distribution medium for geo-spatial hypermedia","Hansen, Christensen & Bouvin",3,1,10,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083410","Frank Allan Hansen, Bent Guldbjerg Christensen, Niels Olof Bouvin","Frank Allan Hansen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083410","Geo-spatial Hypermedia, HyCon, Moblogs, RSS, Weblogs","false","This paper describes how the XML based RSS syndication formats used in weblogs can be utilized as the distribution medium for geo-spatial hypermedia, and how this approach can be used to create a highly distributed multi-user annotation system for geo-spatial hypermedia. It is demonstrated, how the HyCon annotation model [2] can be formulated as a RSS 2.0 feed and how such feeds allow annotation threads to be distributed across multiple weblogs and servers."
1474367025,"Towards enterprise frameworks for networked hypermedia: a case-study in cultural tourism","Garzotto & Megale",0,1,29,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083412","Franca Garzotto, Luca Megale","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083412","Enterprise framework, data intensive dynamic web application, e-tourism","false","An enterprise framework denotes a “reusable, “‘semi-complete” application skeleton that can be easily adapted to produce custom applications in a specific business domain. This paper presents the requirements, design, and implementation of MEDINA, an enterprise framework for content intensive networked hypermedia in the domain of cultural tourism. MEDINA provides a user-friendly customization tool that can be used without any implementation effort, and is integrated within a modular, highly portable software architecture for dynamic application generation."
1474367027,"Supporting joint modeling by end users","Rubart & Wang",7,0,15,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083414","Jessica Rubart, Weigang Wang","Jessica Rubart","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083414","Joint modeling, schema-based hypertext, semantic holism, spatial hypertext","false","This paper discusses how semantic holism, spatial hypertext, and schema-based hypertext concepts can support joint modeling by end users. The results are based on experiences with previously developed cooperative hypermedia systems for collaborative modeling."
1474367028,"Syntagmatic- and paradigmatic stretchtext","Skjøtskift",1,0,10,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083416","Tor Brekke Skjøtskift","Tor Brekke Skjøtskift","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083416","Syntagmatic, hypermedia, narrative, paradigmatic, stretchtext","false","Stretchtext, as conceptualised by Nelson, is a text that can be made more compressed or complex on demand. This paper presents a project where a Sherlock Holmes story is made into stretchtext in text, audio and video. Several narrative challenges are identified, of which two will be discussed in this paper: syntagmatic stretchtext, and paradigmatic stretchtext."
1474367029,"Editing Stretchfilm","Fagerjord",4,0,30,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1089507","Anders Fagerjord","Anders Fagerjord","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1089507","","false","[Abstract from HTML download, per author’s instruction]
Stretchfilm. As an experiment, two home videos were edited as stretchfilm, meaning they could become longer or shorter as the viewer clicked on hyperlinks.
Experiments. Of the two films, test users preferred the one that offered extra material at select points only rather than the film that allowed the user to stretch or shrink at any point. The reason for this is a combination of interface and overall structure.
Stretchfilm Interface. It is not visible in the movie frame how long a film is, so stretchfilm requires an extra visualization of how stretched out or shrunk the film currently is.
Structure and Cognition. Stretchfilm is only easy to use if the editing makes the user understand what will come next, so he or she can choose to stretch or shrink based on this understanding.
Other Genres. Stretchfilm could also be used with good effect for news and fiction film, but these genres require different structures and interfaces.
Conclusion and Future Research. Stretchfilm could be a popular form of hyperfilm, given the right production tools."
1474367030,"HyperHistory","Nagel & Sander",1,1,6,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083418","Till Nagel, René Sander","Till Nagel","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083418","","false","HyperHistory is a web browser extension supporting the user’s browsing habits. Second only to processing information, finding it is the most essential task. As users frequently return to previously seen documents, this work focuses on revisitation patterns. The extension improves the browser’s navigational facilities and alleviates some of the most urgent and well-documented issues both built-in and third-party solutions have not yet successfully solved. HyperHistory attempts to mend the rift between the user’s mental model and the context-less representation the browser’s history provides. Furthermore, the extension lessens the affordance necessary to efficiently gather and retrieve information by preserving the semantic context based on visited hyperlinks and estimating the value a single page has to the user."
1474367031,"Information visualization for an intrusion detection system","Blustein, Fu & Silver",1,0,10,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083419","James Blustein, Ching-Lung Fu, Daniel L. Silver","James Blustein","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083419","","false","Spatial hypertext was developed from studies of how humans deal with information overflow particularly in situations where data needed to be interpreted quickly. Most users of intrusion detection systems (IDS) do not monitor their system continuously and IDS have high false alarm rates. The proposed system that utilizes spatial hypertext workspace as the user interface could reduce the impact of high false alarm from IDS. This system may improvement the user’s willingness to continuously monitor the system."
1474367033,"Technical hypertext accessibility: information structures and rhetorical framing","Hunter",3,0,8,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083421","Lawrie Hunter","Lawrie Hunter","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083421","","false","This paper outlines work in progress towards using information structure maps as a graphical means of informing the reader of his/her position in a hypertext array, and of the rhetorical intent of any given utterance. The graphical navigation aids described here support the non-native writer’s (NNW) use of model technical text, and provide an inroad for developing NNW awareness of the distinction between information elements and rhetorical devices."
1474367034,"Generalized semantics-to-document derivation","Rutledge et al.",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083422","Lloyd Rutledge, Martin Alberink, Lynda Hardman, Meetina Veenstra","Lloyd Rutledge","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083422","","false","This poster presents a general clustering-based algorithm for deriving presentation structure from semantic structure. Domain-independent presentation generation results from this algorithm. expand"
1474367036,"The StorySpinner sculptural reader","Hooper & Weal",4,1,7,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083425","Clare J. Hooper, Mark J. Weal","Clare J. Hooper","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083425","","false","This demo is of a hypertext reading system called StorySpinner. It follows the sculptural hypertext methodology and has been used as a test bed for experimenting with the authoring of narrative flow in automatically generated stories. Readers are able to select and read one of two available stories. Reading a story involves selecting tarot cards which are mapped to chunks of story text based on possible interpretations of the cards and information concerning current story state."
1474367038,"Vox populi: a tool for automatically generating video documentaries","Bocconi, Nack & Hardman",1,0,1,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083427","Stefano Bocconi, Frank Nack, Lynda Hardman","Stefano Bocconi","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083427","","false","Vox Populi is a system that automatically generates video documentaries. Our application domain is video interviews about controversial topics. Via a Web interface the user selects one of the possible topics and a point of view she would like the generated sequence to present, and the engine selects and assembles video material from the repository to satisfy the user request."
1474367040,"Creating and sharing hypervideos with advene","Aubert & Prié",1,1,3,"Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Concepts and Tools for Supporting Knowledge Workers","HYPERTEXT '05","2005","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1083356.1083429","Olivier Aubert, Yannick Prié","Olivier Aubert","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1083356.1083429","","false","The Advene project aims at developing an open-source framework for hypervideo engineering, that allows to 1/ annotate audiovisual documents, i.e. to associate information to specific fragments of a video; 2/ provide augmented visualisations of the video that use the annotation structure; 3/ exchange the annotations and their associated visualisation modes independently from the original video, as documentary units called packages.
The goal of the project is to foster innovative uses of audiovisual material, allowing users to quickly experiment with new ideas, based on existing or specifically created meta-data. For this, we acknowledge the tremendous importance of metadata and focus our reflection on it and its uses: creation, visualisation and exchange."
1474368990,"CUTS: CUrvature-based development pattern analysis and segmentation for blogs and other Text Streams","Qi & Candan",0,1,27,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149944","Yan Qi, K. Selçuk Candan","Yan Qi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149944","Curve segmentation, Topic development patterns, Topic segmentation, Weblogs","false","Weblogs (blogs) are becoming prominent forms of information exchange in the Internet. A large number and variety of blogs, like personal journals or commentaries, are available for general consumption. However, effective indexes and navigation structures (like the table of content in a book) are not available for blogs. Therefore, it is generally not possible to navigate among entries in a given collection of blog entries in an informed manner. This paper focuses on the segmentation of entries in filter-type [9] blogs, with the aim of using this information for developing hypertext and navigational helps. In particular, we are interested in the analysis of topic development patterns that can provide information about not only the entries themselves, but how these entries develop and relate to each other. The proposed algorithm, CUTS, maps entries into a curve in a way that makes apparent a variety of topic development patterns. We then use curve analysis for automatic segmentation of topics. The resulting base topic segments are classified into different topic development patterns that can be visualized and indexed. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has very good performance in identifying boundaries in text streams, especially filter style blogs, versus existing schemes. Furthermore, compared with other topic segmentation methods, the proposed mechanism highlights not only topic boundaries, but also topic development patterns."
1474368991,"A social hypertext model for finding community in blogs","Chin & Chignell",0,2,39,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149945","Alvin Chin, Mark Chignell","Alvin Chin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149945","Blogs, hypertext, sense of community, social networks, virtual community","false","Blogging has become the newest communication medium for creating a virtual community, a set of blogs linking back and forth to one another’s postings, while discussing common topics. In this paper, we examine how communities can be discovered through interconnected blogs as a form of social hypertext [14]. We propose a method and model that detects structures of community in the social network of blogs by integrating McMillan and Chavis’ sense of community [26] along with network analysis [8, 11]. From the model, we measure community in the blogs by aligning centrality measures from social network analysis [17] with measures of sense of community obtained using behavioural surveys. We then illustrate the use of this approach with a case study built around an independent music blog. The strength of community measures were found to be well aligned with the network structure, based on centrality measures. Even though the sample size from the case study was small, once the structure and measure of communities are calibrated according to our social hypertext model, communities can be automatically found and measured for other blogs without the need for behavioural surveys."
1474368992,"Wiki means more: hyperreading in Wikipedia","Zhang",1,0,14,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149946","Yuejiao Zhang","Yuejiao Zhang","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149946","Hyperreading, Web 2.0, collaborative authoring, encyclopedia, information system, linking, open-sourcing, wiki","false","Based on the open-sourcing technology of wiki, Wikipedia has initiated a new fashion of hyperreading. Reading Wikipedia creates an experience distinct from reading a traditional encyclopedia. In an attempt to disclose one of the site’s major appeals to the Web users, this paper approaches the characteristics of hyperreading activities in Wikipedia from three perspectives. Discussions are made regarding reading path, user participation, and navigational apparatus in Wikipedia."
1474368993,"Web 2.0: hypertext by any other name?","Millard & Ross",10,3,22,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149947","David E. Millard, Martin Ross","David E. Millard","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149947","Hypertext Functionality, Hypertext Pioneers, Web 2.0","false","Web 2.0 is the popular name of a new generation of Web applications, sites and companies that emphasis openness, community and interaction. Examples include technologies such as Blogs and Wikis, and sites such as Flickr. In this paper we compare these next generation tools to the aspirations of the early Hypertext pioneers to see if their aims have finally been realized."
1474368994,"HT06, tagging paper, taxonomy, Flickr, academic article, to read","Marlow et al.",1,12,26,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149949","Cameron Marlow, Mor Naaman, Danah Boyd, Marc Davis","Cameron Marlow","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149949","Flickr, Tagging systems, categorization, classification, folksonomy, incentives, models, research, social networks, social software, tagsonomy, taxonomy","false","In recent years, tagging systems have become increasingly popular. These systems enable users to add keywords (i.e., “tags”) to Internet resources (e.g., web pages, images, videos) without relying on a controlled vocabulary. Tagging systems have the potential to improve search, spam detection, reputation systems, and personal organization while introducing new modalities of social communication and opportunities for data mining. This potential is largely due to the social structure that underlies many of the current systems. Despite the rapid expansion of applications that support tagging of resources, tagging systems are still not well studied or understood. In this paper, we provide a short description of the academic related work to date. We offer a model of tagging systems, specifically in the context of web-based systems, to help us illustrate the possible benefits of these tools. Since many such systems already exist, we provide a taxonomy of tagging systems to help inform their analysis and design, and thus enable researchers to frame and compare evidence for the sustainability of such systems. We also provide a simple taxonomy of incentives and contribution models to inform potential evaluative frameworks. While this work does not present comprehensive empirical results, we present a preliminary study of the photo-sharing and tagging system Flickr to demonstrate our model and explore some of the issues in one sample system. This analysis helps us outline and motivate possible future directions of research in tagging systems."
1474368995,"Social navigation in web lectures","Mertens, Farzan & Brusilovsky",1,1,17,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149950","Robert Mertens, Rosta Farzan, Peter Brusilovsky","Robert Mertens","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149950","Continuous Media, Hypermedia, Lecture Recording, Presentation Recoding, Social Navigation, User Interfaces, Video, Web Lectures","false","Web lectures are a form of educational content that differs from classic hypertext in a number of ways. Web lectures are easier to produce and therefore large amounts of material become accumulated in a short time. The recordings are significantly less structured than traditional web based learning content and they are time based media. Both the lack of structure and their time based nature pose difficulties for navigation in web lectures. The approach presented in this paper applies the basic concept of social navigation to facilitate navigation in web lectures. Social navigation support has been successfully employed for hypertext and picture augmented hypertext in the education domain. This paper describes how social navigation can be implemented for web lectures and how it can be used to augment existent navigation features."
1474368997,"Using string-matching to analyze hypertext navigation","Ruddle",1,0,11,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149952","Roy A. Ruddle","Roy A. Ruddle","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149952","Analysis, Navigation, String-matching","false","A method of using string-matching to analyze hypertext navigation was developed, and evaluated using two weeks of website logfile data. The method is divided into phases that use: (i) exact string-matching to calculate subsequences of links that were repeated in different navigation sessions (common trails through the website), and then (ii) inexact matching to find other similar sessions (a community of users with a similar interest). The evaluation showed how subsequences could be used to understand the information pathways users chose to follow within a website, and that exact and inexact matching provided complementary ways of identifying information that may have been of interest to a whole community of users, but which was only found by a minority. This illustrates how string-matching could be used to improve the structure of hypertext collections."
1474368998,"A cognitive and social framework for shared understanding in cooperative hypermedia authoring","Wang & Rubart",1,0,12,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149953","Jessica Rubart, Weigang Wang","Weigang Wang","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149953","Common ground, cooperative hypermedia, grounding, joint cognition, shared knowledge structure","false","Creating shared knowledge structures using cooperative hypermedia is a joint activity. The knowledge structures created should fit into the real world environment and reflect the common ground reached and evolved in the cooperation process of the knowledge workers. In order to facilitate the development of shared understanding among knowledge workers, Herbert Clark’s theory on language use and Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory are applied to the use of hypermedia language in cooperative work settings. To make the theories easier to apply, a conceptual framework is derived from them, which can inform the design and comparison of cooperative hypermedia systems and the use of hypermedia in cooperative settings."
1474368999,"Hyperstories and social interaction in 2D and 3D edutainment spaces for children","Garzotto & Forfori",1,1,45,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149955","Franca Garzotto, Matteo Forfori","Franca Garzotto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149955","Collaborative Storytelling, Edutainment, Hypernarrative, IDC (Interaction Design and Children), Social Interaction, Story Grammar","false","This paper presents FaTe2, an edutainment environment for children that combines a variety of paradigms: storytelling, hypertext, games, collaborative learning, and social interaction. FaTe2 provides a web based, multi-user, multi-dimension hyperspace, where children (aged 8-11) can meet, chat, play, and perform storytelling activities in collaboration. Small groups of kids—working both shoulder to shoulder and remotely—can explore together multimedia interactive stories rendered by means of 2D and 3D scenes; they can perform a variety of educational games and narrative activities; they can personalize scene elements and collaboratively create their own narrative flows, generating a multidimensional (i.e., 2D and 3D) hyperstory from the linear multimedia stories that are built-in in the system. The paper describes the background of FaTe2, its “child-centered” design (informed by field studies on kids’ storytelling), and its implementation approach. We finally discuss how kids represent a challenging “category of target users” who may open new perspectives for hypertext practice and research."
1474369000,"The evolution of metadata from standards to semantics in E-learning applications","Al-Khalifa & Davis",1,0,19,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149956","Hend S. Al-Khalifa, Hugh C. Davis","Hend S. Al-Khalifa","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149956","E-learning, Semantic Metadata, Standard Metadata","false","Metadata attempts to describe the content, format, purpose and structure of data. Over the past few years, the IEEE-LOM standard has dominated the metadata world in e-learning applications. However, with the advent of the Semantic Web, e-learning applications are beginning to evolve their metadata representation from these standards by adding semantic structure or by converting entirely to semantic representations of structure. This shift enables the implementation of a range of new tools which can reason over the metadata, providing added value from the stored data. This review paper summarizes this evolution of metadata used in e-learning applications from standards to semantic representation."
1474369001,"Implementation and evaluation of a quality-based search engine","Mandl",0,1,39,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149957","Thomas Mandl","Thomas Mandl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149957","Quality search, Web design, Web metrics, quality models","false","In this paper, an approach for the implementation of a quality-based Web search engine is proposed. Quality retrieval is introduced and an overview on previous efforts to implement such a service is given. Machine learning approaches are identified as the most promising methods to determine the quality of Web pages. Features for the most appropriate characterization of Web pages are determined. A quality model is developed based on human judgments. This model is integrated into a meta search engine which assesses the quality of all results at run time. The evaluation results show that quality based ranking does lead to better results concerning the perceived quality of Web pages presented in the result set. The quality models are exploited to identify potentially important features and characteristics for the quality of Web pages."
1474369003,"Identifying commented passages of documents using implicit hyperlinks","Delort",3,0,31,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149960","Jean-Yves Delort","Jean-Yves Delort","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149960","Implicit links, passage extraction, weblogs","false","This paper addresses the issue of automatically selecting passages of blog posts using readers’ comments. The problem is difficult because: (i) the textual content of blogs is often noisy, (ii) comments do not always target passages of the posts and, (iii) comments are not equally useful for identifying important passages. We have developed a system for selecting commented passages which takes as input blog posts and their comments and delivers, for each post, the sentences of the post which are the most commented and/or the most discussed. Our approach combines three steps to identify commented passages of a post. The first step is to remove the complexity of processing the contents of posts and comments using heuristics adapted to the language of the blog. The second step is to find useful comments and assigns them a degree of relevance using a model automatically built and validated by an expert. The third step is to identify important passages using relevant comments. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the usefulness and the effectiveness of our approach. The first study show that in only 50% of the posts, the most commented sentence elicited by our approach corresponds to the post extract generated using generic summarization. In the second study, human participants confirmed that, in practice, selected passages are frequently commented passages."
1474369004,"Templates and queries in contextual hypermedia","Anderson, Hansen & Bouvin",8,1,36,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149961","Kenneth M. Anderson, Frank Allan Hansen, Niels Olof Bouvin","Kenneth M. Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149961","Structural computing, context-aware systems, search, templates, user interfaces","false","This paper presents a new definition of context for context-aware computing based on a model that relies on dynamic queries over structured objects. This new model enables developers to flexibly specify the relationship between context and context data for their context-aware applications. We discuss a framework, HyConSC, that implements this model and describe how it can be used to build new contextual hypermedia systems. Our framework aids the developer in the iterative development of contextual queries (via a dynamic query browser) and offers support for con-text matching, a key feature of contextual hypermedia. We have tested the framework with data and sensors taken from the HyCon contextual hypermedia system and are now migrating HyCon to this new framework."
1474369005,"Harvesting social knowledge from folksonomies","Wu, Zubair & Maly",1,5,10,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149962","Harris Wu, Mohammad Zubair, Kurt Maly","Harris Wu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149962","Collaborative tagging, collaborative filtering, link analysis","false","Collaborative tagging systems, or folksonomies, have the potential of becoming technological infrastructure to support knowledge management activities in an organization or a society. There are many challenges, however. This paper presents designs that enhance collaborative tagging systems to meet some key challenges: community identification, ontology generation, user and document recommendation. Design prototypes, evaluation methodology and selected preliminary results are presented."
1474369006,"Supporting the design of behaviors in Callimachus","Tzagarakis, Vaitis & Karousos",9,0,19,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149963","Manolis Tzagarakis, Michail Vaitis, Nikos Karousos","Manolis Tzagarakis","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149963","Structural computing, behavior, models","false","Behaviors play an important role to relationship semantics. In this paper, we present how behavioral aspects of structures are conceived in Callimachus, a structural computing environment. Callimachus supports the definition of behavioral designs called propagation templates that assist in addressing behavioral concerns of structures within structure servers. Propagation templates provide a higher level of abstraction and signify an attempt to move from an atom-based view of behaviors to a system and pattern-based view."
1474369008,"Ubiquitous annotation systems: technologies and challenges","Hansen",7,3,52,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149967","Frank Allan Hansen","Frank Allan Hansen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149967","Annotation, Context-aware Computing, Mobile Computing, Ubiquitous Hypermedia","false","Ubiquitous annotation systems allow users to annotate physical places, objects, and persons with digital information. Especially in the field of location based information systems much work has been done to implement adaptive and context-aware systems, but few efforts have focused on the general requirements for linking information to objects in both physical and digital space. This paper surveys annotation techniques from open hypermedia systems, Web based annotation systems, and mobile and augmented reality systems to illustrate different approaches to four central challenges ubiquitous annotation systems have to deal with: anchoring, structuring, presentation, and authoring. Through a number of examples each challenge is discussed and HyCon, a context-aware hypermedia framework developed at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, is used to illustrate an integrated approach to ubiquitous annotations. Finally, a taxonomy of annotation systems is presented. The taxonomy can be used both to categorize system based on the way they present annotations and to choose the right technology for interfacing with annotations when implementing new systems."
1474369009,"The design of AHA!","De Bra, Smits & Stash",0,5,1,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149968","Paul De Bra, David Smits, Natalia Stash","Paul De Bra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149968","Authoring, adaptation platform, adaptive hypermedia","false","“The Design of AHA!” is an adaptive hypertext, and thus not presented in its entirety in this short paper. Because it is not only a hypertext but also adaptive it cannot simply be presented using a linear paper or a set of HTML pages. This paper describes the design of, and demonstrates AHA! (Version 3.0), an Open Source adaptive hypermedia platform, capable of performing content and link adaptation in (x)html and xml documents. Its development started in 1996. During 10 years of research and development different new presentation, adaptation and user modeling methods and techniques have been added, turning AHA! into a general-purpose adaptive hypermedia platform. This paper presents an overview of the design and architecture of AHA!, with parts that have been published before and with recent additions like style adaptation and a new very flexible link annotation mechanism. Unlike other adaptive hypermedia systems, AHA! is not aimed at a single application area and does not prescribe a single fixed presentation style. Creating applications, defining the user models and the adaptive behavior are all done using graphical authoring tools. End-users are presented with what looks like a normal website, and need not be aware of the adaptation that goes on behind the scenes. Their browsing results in updates to a user model that is stored either in an xml file or a mySQL database, and that is thus also (in principle) available to other applications. Apart from providing a design overview this paper highlights two essential parts of AHA!: the reasoning / rule engine that translates the end-user’s actions into user model updates, and the adaptive resource selection, which is used in the conditional inclusion of objects presentation technique and in the conditional link destinations navigation support technique. This paper is itself an adaptive hyperdocument. The order in which the different topics are visited determines the links that are presented and the contents of each (web)page. No matter how you browse through this paper you should end up with a very similar overall impression, and you should have seen all the information the paper contains. However, the actual contents of the pages and the actual link destinations do depend on your browsing order, so different users will not see exactly the same pages and links."
1474369010,"Journey to the past: proposal of a framework for past web browser","Jatowt et al.",3,1,31,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149969","Adam Jatowt, Yukiko Kawai, Satoshi Nakamura, Yutaka Kidawara, Katsumi Tanaka","Adam Jatowt","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149969","Web archive, past Web, past Web browser","false","While the Internet community recognized early on the need to store and preserve past content of the Web for future use, the tools developed so far for retrieving information from Web archives are still difficult to use and far less efficient than those developed for the “live Web.” We expect that future information retrieval systems will utilize both the “live” and “past Web” and have thus developed a general framework for a past Web browser. A browser built using this framework would be a client-side system that downloads, in real time, past page versions from Web archives for their customized presentation. It would use passive browsing, change detection and change animation to provide a smooth and satisfactory browsing experience. We propose a meta-archive approach for increasing the coverage of past Web pages and for providing a unified interface to the past Web. Finally, we introduce query-based and localized approaches for filtered browsing that enhance and speed up browsing and information retrieval from Web archives."
1474369011,"Just-in-time recovery of missing web pages","Harrison & Nelson",2,2,28,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149971","Terry L. Harrison, Michael L. Nelson","Terry L. Harrison","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149971","404 Web Pages, Apache Web Server, Digital Preservation","false","We present Opal, a light-weight framework for interactively locating missing web pages (http status code 404). Opal is an example of “in vivo” preservation: harnessing the collective behavior of web archives, commercial search engines, and research projects for the purpose of preservation. Opal servers learn from their experiences and are able to share their knowledge with other Opal servers by mutual harvesting using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Using cached copies that can be found on the web, Opal creates lexical signatures which are then used to search for similar versions of the web page. We present the architecture of the Opal framework, discuss a reference implementation of the framework, and present a quantitative analysis of the framework that indicates that Opal could be effectively deployed."
1474369012,"Evaluation of crawling policies for a web-repository crawler","McCown & Nelson",4,1,52,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149972","Frank McCown, Michael L. Nelson","Frank McCown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149972","crawler policy, digital preservation, search engine, website reconstruction","false","We have developed a web-repository crawler that is used for reconstructing websites when backups are unavailable. Our crawler retrieves web resources from the Internet Archive, Google, Yahoo and MSN. We examine the challenges of crawling web repositories, and we discuss strategies for overcoming some of these obstacles. We propose three crawling policies which can be used to reconstruct websites. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies by reconstructing 24 websites and comparing the results with live versions of the websites. We conclude with our experiences reconstructing lost websites on behalf of others and discuss plans for improving our web-repository crawler."
1474369013,"Different indexing strategies for multilingual web retrieval: experiments with the EuroGOV corpus","Jensen & Mandl",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149974","Niels Jensen, Thomas Mandl","Niels Jensen","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149974","","false","Experiments with a multi-lingual web collection are presented. The EuroGOV corpus is the first multi-lingual web corpus for retrieval evaluation. We show how indexes based on words and n-rams are developed for different document parts. Different indexes werde based on the full document content, partial content and the title. The best results were achieved for a title only index based on words."
1474369014,"The Design of AHA!","De Bra, Smits & Stash [Addendum]",5,2,19,"Proceedings of the Seventeenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Tools for Supporting Social Structures","HYPERTEXT '06","2006","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149942","Paul De Bra, David Smits, Natalia Stash","Paul De Bra","Addendum","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1149941.1149942","","false","[Addendum to short paper at pp.133-134]
AHA! is an Open Source adaptive hypermedia platform, capable of performing content and link adaptation in (x)html and xml documents. Its development started in 1996. During 10 years of research and development different new presentation, adaptation and user modeling methods and techniques have been added, turning AHA! into a general-purpose adaptive hypermedia platform. This paper presents an overview of the design and architecture of AHA!, with parts that have been published before and with recent additions like style adaptation and a new very flexible link annotation mechanism. Unlike other adaptive hypermedia systems, AHA! is not aimed at a single application area and does not prescribe a single fixed presentation style. Creating applications, defining the user models and the adaptive behavior are all done using graphical authoring tools. End-users are presented with what looks like a normal website, and need not be aware of the adaptation that goes on behind the scenes. Their browsing results in updates to a user model that is stored either in an xml file or a mySQL database, and that is thus also (in principle) available to other applications. Apart from providing a design overview this paper highlights two essential parts of AHA!: the reasoning / rule engine that translates the end-user’s actions into user model updates, and the adaptive resource selection, which is used in the conditional inclusion of objects presentation technique and in the conditional link destinations navigation support technique. This paper is itself an adaptive hyperdocument. The order in which the different topics are visited determines the links that are presented and the contents of each (web)page. No matter how you browse through this paper you should end up with a very similar overall impression, and you should have seen all the information the paper contains. However, the actual contents of the pages and the actual link destinations do depend on your browsing order, so different users will not see exactly the same pages and links. Although strictly speaking this paper could be presented using normal linear text, making it an adaptive hyperdocument transforms it from being “just” a paper into being a paper and a demo all in one.
ahadesign.zip (255.4 KB)
As of this publication, the paper is up and running on http://aha.win.tue.nl:18080/aha/ahadesign/ The zip file contains the “ahadesign.gaf” file with the conceptual structure and the “ahadesign” directory with the paper content. Unzipping this in an AHA! distribution yields a working paper. The AHA! software is available from aha.win.tue.nl, under the GNU Public License (GPL) version 2.0."
1474373907,"Experiments toward reverse linking on the web","Yesilada, Lunn & Harper",6,0,27,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286244","Yeliz Yesilada, Darren Lunn, Simon Harper","Yeliz Yesilada","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286244","Bi-directional Linking, Hypertext, Inbound Links, World Wide Web","false","Multi-headed reverse linking (incoming links) is a fundamental concept of Open Hypermedia Systems. However, this bi-directionality has been lost in the move to the World Wide Web (Web). Here, we suggest a Web based solution for rediscovering these reverse links, and develop a series of experiments to demonstrate our approach. Simply our algorithm involves parsing a Web server’s log file, identifying each Web page viewed and saving an ordered list of referrers within a ‘name-matched’ XML file. This file is then used as a link point within a standard XHTML Web-page using a freely available Javascript library. While we have not performed any comprehensive user evaluation initial qualitative results suggest users are positive regarding our additions and that widespread adoption would increase user satisfaction due to constancy of the browsing experience."
1474373909,"Lesson learnt from a large-scale industrial semantic web application","Wong et al.",3,0,24,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286246","Sylvia C. Wong, Richard M. Crowder, Gary B. Wills, Nigel R. Shadbolt","Sylvia C. Wong","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286246","Industrial Hypermedia, RDF, SPARQL, SQL, Semantic Web","false","The design and maintenance of an aero-engine generates a significant amount of documentation. When designing new engines, engineers must obtain knowledge gained from maintenance of existing engines to identify possible areas of concern. We developed a Semantic Web based document repository for transferring front-line maintenance knowledge to design. The Semantic Web is an ideal candidate for this application because of the size and distributed nature of an aerospace manufacturer’s operation. The Semantic Web allows us to dynamically cross reference documents with the use of an ontology. However, during the design and implementation of this project, we found deficiencies in the W3C1 recommended Semantic Web query language SPARQL. It is difficult to answer questions our users sought from the document repository using SPARQL. The problem is that SPARQL is designed for handling textual queries. In industrial applications, many common textual and semantic questions also contain a numerical element, be it data summarization or arithmetic operations. In this paper, we generalize the problems we found with SPARQL, and extend it to cover web applications in non-aerospace domains. Based on this analysis, we recommend that SQL-styled grouping, aggregation and variable operations be added to SPARQL, as they are necessary for industrial applications of the Semantic Web. At the moment, to answer the non-textual questions we identified with an RDF store, custom written software is needed to process the results returned by SPARQL. We incorporated the suggested numerical functionalities from SQL for an example query, and achieved a 21.7% improvement to the speed of execution. More importantly, we eliminate the need of extra processing in software, and thus make it easier and quicker to develop Semantic Web applications."
1474373912,"Qtag: introducing the qualitative tagging system","Lee & Han",2,0,6,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286250","Sung Eob Lee, Steve SanKi Han","Sung Eob Lee","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286250","","false","Collaborative tagging provides exceptional performance in the domains of IF (Information Filtering) and IR (Information Retrieval). Based on various studies regarding the tagging behavior of users, it can be concluded that there is potential for expansion of this domain to the area of ratings. The paper presents Qtag, a qualitative tagging system that allows users to tag in order to rate and express opinions in more sharable vocabulary. A conceptual model and evaluation are presented."
1474373914,"Tags, networks, narrative: exploring the use of social software for the study of narrative in digital contexts","Mason & Thomas",5,0,10,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286252","Bruce Lionel Mason, Sue Thomas","Bruce Lionel Mason","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286252","","false","This poster reports on a project in progress that is assessing the potential of social software for trans-disciplinary research into narratives in a digital context. One aspect of the project is study of whether folksonomy can be of use in transdisciplinary communication. The study features 30 participants who are tagging 40 websites using Del.icio.us (http://del.icio.us) and then taking part in a series of tasks that involve re-examining their tags. In the poster we will present the background to the project, the methodology of the folksonomy study and the findings that may emerge from it. Through so doing, we aim to contribute to the emerging debate about the utility and role of folksonomy in the arts and the academy [3,7,9,10]."
1474373922,"Real users, real results: examining the limitations of learning styles within AEH","Brown, Fisher & Brailsford",1,0,32,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286261","Elizabeth Brown, Tony Fisher, Tim Brailsford","Elizabeth Brown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286261","Adaptive educational hypermedia, DEUS, learning styles, real users, user modelling, user trials","false","This paper examines the current state of AEH (adaptive educational hypermedia) research into explicit learning style modelling for user personalisation. It addresses the problem of non-naïve test subjects, who are often in user trials, thus contributing to experimental bias. Instead, the authors suggest using real people, i.e. users with a range of backgrounds and abilities, in order to gain a truer insight into evidence-based research.
We report on a study carried out with No statistically significant differences were found between experimental groups, learning style preferences or learning environments. We discuss the significance of this, and then critically analyse the use of learning styles in relation to this study and also in the wider context.real users: around 80 children at a UK primary school. The study investigated sequential and global learning styles as a personalisation mechanism in an AEH system. The user trial involved matching and mismatching users and learning environments to see if learning improved. The AEH system used by the children was DEUS, a new e-learning platform that is conceptually similar to WHURLE, an AEH that also used learning styles as its user model.
No statistically significant differences were found between experimental groups, learning style preferences or learning environments. We discuss the significance of this, and then critically analyse the use of learning styles in relation to this study and also in the wider context."
1474373923,"HSTP: hyperspeech transfer protocol","Agarwal et al.",2,0,17,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286262","Sheetal K. Agarwal, Dipanjan Chakraborty, Arun Kumar, Amit Anil Nanavati, Nitendra Rajput","Sheetal K. Agarwal","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286262","HTTP, Hypermedia, call transfer, telephony applications","false","HTTP provides a mechanism to connect web sites. Almost all sites have a large amount of hypertext content that provides connection to other sites in the World Wide Web. The success of the WWW can be partly attributed to the seamlessly browsable web that is formed through this connectivity. However, navigation of hypermedia content through non-visual interfaces has not received as much attention. Specifically, telephony voice applications offer immense usability and penetration benefits and can act as alternate information access and delivery mechanisms. Connectivity across voice applications poses interesting and novel challenges. In this paper, we define Hyperspeech as a voice fragment in a voice application that is a hyperlink to a voice fragment in another voice application. Further, we present Hyperspeech Transfer Protocol (HSTP) - a protocol to seamlessly connect telephony voice applications. HSTP enables the users to browse across voice applications by navigating the Hyperspeech content in a voice application. HSTP can also be used for developing cross-enterprise applications that allow a user to transact across two or more voice applications."
1474373924,"LLAMA: automatic hypertext generation utilizing language models","Zhou et al.",1,5,8,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286263","Dong Zhou, James Goulding, Mark Truran, Tim Brailsford","Dong Zhou","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286263","Automatic Hypertext Generation, Bipartite Graph, Clustering, HITS, Language Models","false","Manual hypertext construction is labour intensive and prone to error. Robust systems capable of automatic hypertext generation (AHG) could be of direct benefit to those individuals responsible for hypertext authoring. In this paper we propose a novel technique for the autonomous creation of hypertext which is dependent upon language models. This work is strongly influenced by those algorithms which process the hyperlinked structure of a corpus in an attempt to find authoritative sources. The algorithm was evaluated by experimental comparison with human hypertext authors, and we found that both approaches produced broadly similar results."
1474373925,"Clustering as an approach to support the automatic definition of semantic hyperlinks","Camacho-Guerrero et al.",1,0,11,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286264","José A. Camacho-Guerrero, Alex A. Carvalho, Maria G. C. Pimentel, Ethan V. Munson, Alessandra A. Macedo","José A. Camacho-Guerrero","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286264","Document Clustering, Textual Linking","false","We propose the use of clustering to support the automatic definition of semantic hyperlinks. We present a linking service that relates documents pertaining to a specific cluster created by a clustering process. The results of preliminary experiments are positive and illustrate our contribution in terms of creating hyperlinks considering the homogeneous contents represented by clusters."
1474373926,"Revealing the hidden rationality of user browsing behaviour","Brown et al.",2,0,17,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286266","Elizabeth Brown, Tim Brailsford, Tony Fisher, Cees van der Eijk","Elizabeth Brown","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286266","Browsing, bounded rationality, expected user behaviour, learning styles, mode switching, rational choice theory","false","In this paper, we analyse web log data from user trials of the WHURLE-LS adaptive educational hypermedia (AEH) system from a behavioural perspective. This system allows users to switch from one presentational mode to another (visual, verbal or neutral), and this paper investigates users’ choice of mode as they interacted with the system. We present the main findings of the browsing behaviours within the framework of rational choice theory, and discuss why and when switching might have occurred."
1474373927,"User-tailored web accessibility evaluations","Vigo et al.",1,0,31,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286267","Markel Vigo, Alfred Kobsa, Myriam Arrue, Julio Abascal","Markel Vigo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286267","Web accessibility, assistive technologies, guidelines, personalization, user-tailored evaluation","false","This paper presents a framework and system to evaluate the accessibility of web pages according to the individual requirements of users with disabilities. These requirements not only consist of users’ abilities, but also users’ assistive technologies and the delivery context. In order to ascertain interoperability with other software components, user requirements are specified taking advantage of the extensibility of the W3C CC/PP recommendation and other feature-specification vocabularies. An evaluation tool capable of understanding these specifications generates evaluation reports that are tailored to the user’s individual needs. Quantitative accessibility measures resulting from personalized evaluation reports can be used to improve the web browsing experience for users with disabilities, such as through adaptive navigation support and by sorting the results of search engines according to users’ personal requirements. In addition, developers benefit from personalized evaluations when developing websites for specific audiences."
1474373928,"Simplifying web traversals by recognizing behavior patterns","Doerr, Dincklage & Diwan",4,0,15,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286268","Christian Doerr, Daniel von Dincklage, Amer Diwan","Christian Doerr","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286268","behavior pattern recognition, navigation improvement, web usage mining","false","Web sites must often service a wide variety of clients. Thus, it is inevitable that a web site will allow some visitors to find their information quickly while other visitors have to follow many links to get to the information that they need. Worse, as web sites evolve, they may get worse over time so that all visitors have to follow many links to find the information that they need.
This paper describes an extensible system that analyzes web logs to find and exploit opportunities for improving the navigation of a web site. The system is extensible in that the inefficiencies that it finds and eliminates are not predetermined; to search for a new kind of inefficiency, web site admininstrators can provide a pattern (in a language designed specifically for this) that finds and eliminates the new inefficiency."
1474373930,"What is an analogue for the semantic web and why is having one important?","schraefel",1,0,31,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286271","m. c. schraefel","m. c. schraefel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286271","Jourknow, Memex, Semantic Web, Tabulator, hypertext argumentation, interaction design, mSpace, notebooks","false","This paper postulates that for the Semantic Web to grow and gain input from fields that will surely benefit it, it needs to develop an analogue that will help people not only understand what it is, but what the potential opportunities are that are enabled by these new protocols. The model proposed in the paper takes the way that Web interaction has been framed as a baseline to inform a similar analogue for the Semantic Web. While the Web has been represented as a Page + Links, the paper presents the argument that the Semantic Web can be conceptualized as a Notebook + Memex. The argument considers how this model also presents new challenges for fundamental human interaction with computing, and that hypertext models have much to contribute to this new understanding for distributed information systems."
1474373931,"The evolution of authorship in a remix society","Diakopoulos et al.",0,1,15,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286272","Nicholas Diakopoulos, Kurt Luther, Yevgeniy (Eugene) Medynskiy, Irfan Essa","Nicholas Diakopoulos","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286272","","false","Authorship entails the constrained selection or generation of media and the organization and layout of that media in a larger structure. But authorship is more than just selection and organization; it is a complex construct incorporating concepts of originality, authority, intertextuality, and attribution. In this paper we explore these concepts and ask how they are changing in light of modes of collaborative authorship in remix culture. We present a qualitative case study of an online video remixing site, illustrating how the constraints of that environment are impacting authorial constructs. We discuss users’ self-conceptions as authors, and how values related to authorship are reflected to users through the interface and design of the site’s tools. We also present some implications for the design of online communities for collaborative media creation and remixing."
1474373933,"Strong vs. weak links: making processes prevail over structure in navigational design","Canós et al.",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286275","José H Canós, Carlos Solís, Ma Carmen Penadés, Manuel Llavador","José H Canós","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286275","","false","We introduce a process-based approach to navigational design of hypermedia applications. Unlike most current methods, which use the information structure as the basis for building the navigational structure, we start from a workflow-like process model to create a two-level navigational model. On one hand, the strong navigational schema is composed of nodes called activity views and links derived from control flow relationships of the process model. On the other hand, a weak navigational schema is developed for each activity view based on the information a given actor has to use to perform the associated activity. Our approach allows designers to solve in a natural way the problems where the business processes prevail over the information structure."
1474373934,"Image seeds: a communal picture-based narrative","Lunn",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286276","Darren Lunn","Darren Lunn","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286276","","false","Bitmapping is an art exhibition that seeks to create a linear story path through a collection of photographs. Bitmapping sends registered participants an image to their mobile phone. The participants must then take a related picture within two hours and send that image to the organisers. This is then forwarded to the next participant to create a chain. While Bitmapping fosters an interesting roadmap of images, it is limited by physical location and the linear stories that it seeks to create. Image Seeds is a global communal hypermedia art experiment that extends Bitmapping. Rather than receiving a single image, participants are invited to navigate a web of images, all of which can act as seeds of inspiration. If participants stumble across an image that inspires, they are invited to add their own image to the hypermedia and create a link from the image that instigated the inspiration. Images can have multiple links to create an evolving story that unfolds into a unique and diverse narrative as participants follow paths through the pictures."
1474373935,"Adaptive incremental browsing of ontology structure","Bieliková & Jemala",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286277","Mária Bieliková, Michal Jemala","Mária Bieliková","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286277","","false","We present a method for effective navigation in structure of large information spaces. The method employs incremental browsing of the information space structure and visualizes in every moment only specific part of the space (a window) where its content is selected adaptively according to evaluations of the presented entities. Entity evaluations are gained from interactions with entities (manual browsing of people or automatic browsing by applications). We describe proposed method in the context of ontology structure navigation."
1474373943,"Hypertext applications","Wagner",2,0,9,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286285","Frank Wagner","Frank Wagner","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286285","","false","The discussion about the future of hypertext made me wonder whether I could find another reason to consider a text to be ‘hyper’. The answer I found may not be that interesting itself, but the discussions about it gave me some ideas which I want to present in the context of my project.
The object of this project is to come to a better understanding of applications of information technology. In the context of my work applications often not only seem less than optimal but even contra productive.
A different view may help to find better applications."
1474373944,"Dynamic link service 2.0: using wikipedia as a linkbase","Sinclair, Martinez & Lewis",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286286","Patrick A. S. Sinclair, Kirk Martinez, Paul H. Lewis","Patrick A. S. Sinclair","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286286","","false","This paper describes how a Web 2.0 mashup approach, reusing technologies and services freely available on the web, have enabled the development of a dynamic link service system that uses Wikipedia as its linkbase."
1474373946,"Collaborative classification of growing collections with evolving facets","Wu, Zubair & Maly",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286289","Harris Wu, Mohammad Zubair, Kurt Maly","Harris Wu","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286289","Collaborative classification, faceted classification, social classification, tagging, wiki","false","There is a lack of tools for exploring large non-textual collections. One challenge is the manual effort required to add metadata to these collections. In this paper, we propose an architecture that enables users to collaboratively build a faceted classification for a large, growing collection. Besides a novel wiki-like classification interface, the proposed architecture includes automated document classification and facet schema enrichment techniques. We have implemented a prototype for the American Political History multimedia collection from usa.gov."
1474373948,"Identifying subcommunities using cohesive subgroups in social hypertext","Chin & Chignell",1,1,10,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286291","Alvin Chin, Mark Chignell","Alvin Chin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286291","Social networks, cohesive subgroups, k-plexes, n-cliques, social hypertext, subcommunities, virtual community","false","Web pages can be modeled as nodes in a social network, and hyperlinks between pages form links (relationships) between the nodes. Links may take the form of comments, for example on blogs, creating explicit connections between authors and readers. In this paper, we describe a novel methodology and framework for identifying subcommunities as cohesive subgroups of n-cliques and k-plexes within social hypertext. We apply our methodology to a group of computer technologists in Toronto called TorCamp who communicate using a Google group. K-plex analysis is then used to identify a group of people that forms a subcommunity within the larger community. The results are then validated against the experienced sense of community of people inside and outside the subcommunity. Statistically significant differences in experienced sense of community are found, with people within the subcommunity showing higher levels of perceived influence and emotional connection."
1474373950,"An agile hypertext design methodology","Wills et al.",2,1,27,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286295","Gary B. Wills, Noura Abbas, Rakhi Chandrasekharan, Richard M. Crowder, Lester Gilbert, Yvonne M. Howard, David E. Millard, Sylvia C. Wong, Robert J. Walters","Gary B. Wills","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286295","Hypermedia Design, Semantic Web, Web Design Methods, Web Service Design","false","Customers are driving down lead times for software, especially for Web applications, to only a few months. While a number of hypertext design models exist, they do not address the issue of the requirements and analysis process that normally feeds the design process. In this paper we present an agile approach to developing hypertext applications, which focuses on the requirements and analysis stages, something that is largely ignored in current methodologies."
1474373951,"Architecting structure-aware applications","Rubart",5,2,21,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286296","Jessica Rubart","Jessica Rubart","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286296","Structural model, architectural pattern, cooperative hypermedia, structural computing","false","An extension to the well-known MVC architectural pattern is proposed to include an explicit structure model. The proposed conceptual model is further extended to address requirements from the research fields CSCW and ubiquitous computing. Furthermore, data, structure, and behavior descriptions have been identified as basic abstractions. In summary, the proposed model addresses reuse as well as design for change on different levels of abstraction."
1474373952,"A semantics-based aspect-oriented approach to adaptation in web engineering","Casteleyn, Van Woensel & Houben",1,2,16,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286297","Sven Casteleyn, William Van Woensel, Geert-Jan Houben","Sven Casteleyn","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286297","Adaptation, Aspect-Orientation, Semantic Web, Web Engineering","false","In the modern Web, users are accessing their favourite Web applications from any place, at any time and with any device. In this setting, they expect the application to user-tailor and personalize content access upon their particular needs. Exhibiting some kind of user- and context-dependency is thus crucial in Web Engineering. In this research, we focus on separating the adaptation engineering process from regular Web engineering by applying aspect-oriented techniques. We show how semantic information and metadata associated with the content can be exploited in our aspect-oriented approach. Furthermore, the approach allows the use of global (structural) properties of the Web application in adaptation specification. We thus obtain several advantages, which are demonstrated in this paper: to control adaptation specification) separate from (regular) Web Engineering concerns in a richer, more consistent, robust and flexible way."
1474373954,"Annotation consensus: implications for passage recommendation in scientific literature","Bradshaw & Light",1,0,29,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286300","Shannon Bradshaw, Marc Light","Shannon Bradshaw","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286300","Annotation, annotation consensus, knowledge management, passage recommendation","false","We present a study of the degree to which annotations overlap when several researchers read the same set of scientific articles. Our objective is to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to suggest that information about which passages initial readers tend to annotate might be used to recommend important passages to later readers of the same material. We found that readers exhibit a high degree of overlap in the passages they annotate, that these passages account for a small but significant fraction of the total document, and that such passages are distributed throughout a document rather than concentrated in the same few sections in each paper (e.g., the results section). These findings indicate that work on developing a passage recommendation model based on annotation is warranted."
1474373955,"Analysis of online video search and sharing","Halvey & Keane",0,1,26,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286301","Martin J. Halvey, Mark T. Keane","Martin J. Halvey","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286301","Video, browsing, interaction, multimedia, search, social","false","It is now feasible to view video at home as easily as text-based pages were viewed when the Web first appeared. This development has led to the emergence of video search engines providing hosting, indexing and access to large, online video repositories. A key question in this new context is whether users search for media in the same way that they search for text. This paper presents a first step towards answering this question by providing novel analyses of people’s linking and search behavior using a leading video search engine. Initial results show that page views in the video context deviate from the typical power-law relationships seen on the Web. However, more positively, there are clear indications that tagging and textual descriptions play a key role in making some video-pages more popular than others. This shows that many techniques based on text analysis could apply in the video context."
1474373956,"Back to the future: hypertext the way it used to be","Nelson, Smith & Mallicoat",0,3,6,"Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference","HT '07","2007","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1286240.1286303","Theodor Holm Nelson, Robert Adamson Smith, Marlene Mallicoat","Theodor Holm Nelson","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1286240.1286303","","false","Others imitate paper (Word, Acrobat) and the constant 3D world we live in (“Virtual Reality”). Our system instead tries to create documents better than paper in a space better than reality."
1474375458,"What can history tell us?: towards different models of interaction with document histories","Jatowt et al.",4,0,20,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379098","Adam Jatowt, Yukiko Kawai, Hiroaki Ohshima, Katsumi Tanaka","Adam Jatowt","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379098","archiving, document history, past web, time travel, versioning","false","The current Web is a dynamic collection where little effort is made to version pages or to enable users to access historical data. As a consequence, they generally do not have sufficient temporal support when browsing the Web. However, we think that there are many benefits to be obtained from integrating documents with their histories. For example, a document’s history can enable us to travel back through time to establish its trustworthiness. This paper discusses the possible types of interactions that users could have with document histories and it presents several examples of systems that we have implemented for utilizing this historical data. To support our view, we present the results of an online survey conducted with the objective of investigating user needs for temporal support on the Web. Although the results indicated quite low use of Web archives by users, they simultaneously emphasized their considerable interest in page histories."
1474375459,"User defined structural searches in mediawiki","Albertsen & Bouvin",1,0,7,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379099","Johannes Albertsen, Niels Olof Bouvin","Johannes Albertsen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379099","MediaWiki, Wiki, Wikipedia, structural search","false","Wikipedia has been the poster child of user contributed content using the space of MediaWiki as the canvas on which to write. While well suited for authoring simple hypermedia documents, MediaWiki does not lend itself easily to let the author create dynamically assembled documents, or create pages that monitor other pages. While it is possible to create such “special” pages, it requires PHP coding and thus administrative rights to the MediaWiki server. We present in this paper work on a structural query language (MediaWiki Query Language - MWQL) to allow users to add dynamically evaluated searches to ordinary wiki-pages."
1474375461,"Asap: a planning tool for agile software development","Petersen & Wiil",5,2,14,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379101","Rasmus Rosenqvist Petersen, Uffe Kock Wiil","Rasmus Rosenqvist Petersen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379101","Construct, Crystal Clear Blitz Planning, Structural computing, agile software development, collaboration, knowledge management, project planning, spatial hypertext","false","This paper describes the ASAP planning tool. ASAP uses different hypertext structuring mechanisms to provide support for project planning. The design concepts and prototype features are inspired from previous work on structural computing and spatial hypertext. A use scenario demonstrates the capabilities of the tool to support the Blitz Planning activity from the Crystal Clear agile software development methodology. Future work is aimed at broadening the applicability of ASAP towards general project planning."
1474375462,"Correlating user profiles from multiple folksonomies","Szomszor, Cantador & Alani",1,2,20,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379103","Martin N. Szomszor, Iván Cantador, Harith Alani","Martin N. Szomszor","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379103","Web2.0, folksonomy-alignment, tag-filtering, user profiling","false","As the popularity of the web increases, particularly the use of social networking sites and style sharing platforms, users are becoming increasingly connected, sharing more and more information, resources, and opinions. This vast array of information presents unique opportunities to harvest knowledge about user activities and interests through the exploitation of large-scale, complex systems. Communal tagging sites, and their respective folksonomies, are one example of such a complex system, providing huge amounts of information about users, spanning multiple domains of interest. However, the current Web infrastructure provides no mechanism for users to consolidate and exploit this information since it is spread over many desperate and unconnected resources. In this paper we compare user tag-clouds from multiple folksonomies to: (a) show how they tend to overlap, regardless of the focus of the folksonomy (b) demonstrate how this comparison helps finding and aligning the user’s separate identities, and (c) show that cross-linking distributed user tag-clouds enriches users profiles. During this process, we find that significant user interests are often reflected in multiple Web2.0 profiles, even though they may operate over different domains. However, due to the free-form nature of tagging, some correlations are lost, a problem we address through the implementation and evaluation of a user tag filtering architecture."
1474375467,"An epistemic dynamic model for tagging systems","Dellschaft & Staab",0,4,11,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379109","Klaas Dellschaft, Steffen Staab","Klaas Dellschaft","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379109","complex systems, stochastic modeling, tagging, temporal evolution","false","In recent literature, several models were proposed for reproducing and understanding the tagging behavior of users. They all assume that the tagging behavior is influenced by the previous tag assignments of other users. But they are only partially successful in reproducing characteristic properties found in tag streams. We argue that this inadequacy of existing models results from their inability to include user’s background knowledge into their model of tagging behavior. This paper presents a generative tagging model that integrates both components, the background knowledge and the influence of previous tag assignments. Our model successfully reproduces characteristic properties of tag streams. It even explains effects of the user interface on the tag stream."
1474375468,"Understanding the efficiency of social tagging systems using information theory","Chi & Mytkowicz",0,6,13,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379110","Ed H. Chi, Todd Mytkowicz","Ed H. Chi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379110","Social tagging, efficiency, entropy, evaluation, information access, information theory, methodology, navigation, ontology","false","Given the rise in popularity of social tagging systems, it seems only natural to ask how efficient is the organically evolved tagging vocabulary in describing underlying document objects? Does this distributed process really provide a way to circumnavigate the traditional “vocabulary problem” with ontology? We analyze a social tagging site, namely del.icio.us, with information theory in order to evaluate the efficiency of this social tagging site for encoding navigation paths to information sources. We show that information theory provides a natural and interesting way to understand this efficiency - or the descriptive, encoding power of tags. Our results indicate the efficiency of tags appears to be waning. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide insight into how our methods can be used to design more usable social tagging software."
1474375469,"The revenge of the page","Kolb",2,1,21,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379112","David A. Kolb","David A. Kolb","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379112","Hypertext, Web, argument, exposition, rhetoric, style","false","Writers of literary hypertext have urged complexly linked hypertext forms. Some writers have applied this to expository and argumentative hypertext, taking advantage of hypertext’s ability to expand the “margins” of a document in new directions. Where argumentative issues or contexts are complex and self-reflexive enough, these writers urge that hypertexts become complex multi-dimensional expository and argumentative texts with elaborate rhetorical and argumentative structures that take place over sequences of links. However this ideal is challenged by developments on the Web, where argumentative hypertexts are dominated by a linked mini-essay style that uses one-step link patterns for its rhetorical moves. Was the ideal of complex hypertext rhetorical structures mistaken? This essay analyzes the situation, argues for the viability of more complex hypertexts, suggests some causes for the dominance of the single page and single-step rhetorical move, and looks at some developments that may challenge this dominance."
1474375470,"Information flows and social capital in weblogs: a case study in the Brazilian blogosphere","Recuero",1,0,43,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379113","Raquel da Cunha Recuero","Raquel da Cunha Recuero","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379113","Information flows, Memes, Social Capital, Social Networks, Weblogs","false","Blogs are tools for publishing information that have become very popular due to the way they facilitate the process of publishing on the Internet. Due to their popularity, blogs influence how information flows in cyberspace. This paper deals with the relations between bloggers’ perceived social capital and motivations with the information they choose to publish. Based on a case study of a network of 48 weblogs, 32 interviews and 988 analyzed memes, we show how, for the studied case, information flow is influenced by bloggers’ motivations and perceptions."
1474375473,"Generating links by mining quotations","Kolak & Schilit",0,2,23,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379117","Okan Kolak, Bill N. Schilit","Okan Kolak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379117","automatic hypertext, digital libraries, hypertext, link generation, quotations","false","Scanning books, magazines, and newspapers has become a widespread activity because people believe that much of the worlds information still resides off-line. In general after works are scanned they are indexed for search and processed to add links. This paper describes a new approach to automatically add links by mining popularly quoted passages. Our technique connects elements that are semantically rich, so strong relations are made. Moreover, link targets point within a work, facilitating navigation. This paper makes three contributions. We describe a scalable algorithm for mining repeated word sequences from extremely large text corpora. Second, we present techniques that filter and rank the repeated sequences for quotations. Third, we present a new user interface for navigating across and within works in the collection using quotation links. Our system has been run on a digital library of over 1 million books and has been used by thousands of people."
1474375475,"Llama-b: automatic hyperlink authoring in the blogosphere","Zhou et al.",2,0,16,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379119","Dong Zhou, Mark Truran, Tim Brailsford, Helen Ashman, Amir Pourabdollah","Dong Zhou","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379119","Hypertext generation, blogosphere, link generation, tagging","false","Viewed collectively, the sum of all blog entries recorded to date (usually referred to as the blogosphere) represents a prodigiously rich collection of commentary and opinion, a dizzying mixture of fact and speculation, subjective opinion and objective data. This paper introduces a hypermedia authoring tool intended to simplify the process of navigating this chaotic environment. The tool works by adding additional hyperlinks to blogs, links which connect blog entries addressing similar topics. These hyperlinks are generated by an algorithm that uses statistical language modeling and graph based analysis to exploit the implicit associative structure of the blogosphere. An evaluative exercise, centred upon the unsupervised labeling of blog articles, confirms the effectiveness of this approach."
1474375477,"Efficient assembly of social semantic networks","Markines, Roinestad, Menczer",1,2,22,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379122","Benjamin Markines, Heather Roinestad, Filippo Menczer","Benjamin Markines","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379122","Aggregation, Annotation, Collaborative Filtering, Folksonomy, Resource, Similarity, Tag, Web 2.0","false","Social bookmarks allow Web users to actively annotate individual Web resources. Researchers are exploring the use of these annotations to create implicit links between online resources. We define an implicit link as a relationship between two online resources established by the Web community. An individual may create or reinforce a relationship between two resources by applying a common tag or organizing them in a common folder. This has led to the exploration of techniques for building networks of resources, categories, and people using the social annotations. In order for these techniques to move from the lab to the real world, efficient building and maintenance of these potentially large networks remains a major obstacle. Methods for assembling and indexing these large networks will allow researchers to run more rigorous assessments of their proposed techniques. Toward this goal we explore an approach from the sparse matrix literature and apply it to our system, GiveALink.org. We also investigate distributing the assembly, allowing us to grow the network with the body of resources, annotations, and users. Dividing the network is effective for assembling a global network where the implicit links are dependent on global properties. Additionally, we explore alternative implicit link measures that remove global dependencies and thus allow for the global network to be assembled incrementally, as each participant makes independent contributions. Finally we evaluate three scalable similarity measures, two of which require a revision of the data model underlying our social annotations."
1474375478,"Logsonomy - social information retrieval with logdata","Krause et al.",0,3,21,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379123","Beate Krause, Robert Jäschke, Andreas Hotho, Gerd Stumme","Beate Krause","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379123","Folksonomy, Logsonomy, Query Log Analysis, Search Engine","false","Social bookmarking systems constitute an established part of the Web 2.0. In such systems users describe bookmarks by keywords called tags. The structure behind these social systems, called folksonomies, can be viewed as a tripartite hypergraph of user, tag and resource nodes. This underlying network shows specific structural properties that explain its growth and the possibility of serendipitous exploration.
Today’s search engines represent the gateway to retrieve information from the World Wide Web. Short queries typically consisting of two to three words describe a user’s information need. In response to the displayed results of the search engine, users click on the links of the result page as they expect the answer to be of relevance.
This clickdata can be represented as a folksonomy in which queries are descriptions of clicked URLs. The resulting network structure, which we will term logsonomy is very similar to the one of folksonomies. In order to find out about its properties, we analyze the topological characteristics of the tripartite hypergraph of queries, users and bookmarks on a large snapshot of del.icio.us and on query logs of two large search engines. All of the three datasets show small world properties. The tagging behavior of users, which is explained by preferential attachment of the tags in social bookmark systems, is reflected in the distribution of single query words in search engines. We can conclude that the clicking behaviour of search engine users based on the displayed search results and the tagging behaviour of social bookmarking users is driven by similar dynamics."
1474375480,"Social web applications in the city: a lightweight infrastructure for urban computing","Hansen & Grønbæk",6,2,24,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379126","Frank Allan Hansen, Kaj Grønbæk","Frank Allan Hansen","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379126","Geospatial Hypermedia, Location-awareness, Mobile Web, Multimedia Blogging, Physical Hypermedia, Ubiquitous Link Anchors, Urban Computing, Visual 2D Barcodes","false","In this paper, we describe an infrastructure for browsing and multimedia blogging of Web-based information anchored with physical places in an urban environment. The infrastructure is generic in the sense that it may use any means such as GPS, RFID or 2D-barcodes as ubiquitous links anchors to anchor Web-based information, blogs, and services in the physical environment. The infrastructure is inspired from earlier work on open hypermedia, in the sense that the anchoring and blogging functionality can be integrated to augment arbitrary Web sites providing information that is relevant to places or objects in the physical world. The blog and anchor functionality is implemented as a set of Web services running on a server external to the content server. Experiences and design issues from three cases are discussed, which use Semacode-based physical anchoring to support lightweight urban Web applications."
1474375482,"Investigating success factors for hypermedia development tools","Bolchini, Garzotto & Paolini",2,1,26,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379128","Davide Bolchini, Franca Garzotto, Paolo Paolini","Davide Bolchini","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379128","Design Pattern, Educational Benefit, Efficiency, End-user development, Hypermedia, Simplicity, Success factor, Usability, e-learning","false","What are the key factors that contribute to the “success” of a hypermedia development tool? We have investigated this issue in the context of non ICT professional environments (e.g., schools or small museums), which have limited “in-house” technical competences and must cope with very limited budget. We discuss a set of success factors relevant to hypermedia tools targeted to this audience, and present a tool for multichannel hypermedia development that we have developed with these factors in mind. We report the key results from a wide on-the-field study in which the different success factors have been measured."
1474375483,"Seeing things in the clouds: the effect of visual features on tag cloud selections","Bateman, Gutwin & Nacenta",0,1,22,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379130","Scott Bateman, Carl Gutwin, Miguel Nacenta","Scott Bateman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379130","Visualization of text, social linking, tag clouds, visual properties","false","Tag clouds are a popular method for visualizing and linking socially-organized information on websites. Tag clouds represent variables of interest (such as popularity) in the visual appearance of the keywords themselves - using text properties such as font size, weight, or colour. Although tag clouds are becoming common, there is still little information about which visual features of tags draw the attention of viewers. As tag clouds attempt to represent a wider range of variables with a wider range of visual properties, it becomes difficult to predict what will appear visually important to a viewer. To investigate this issue, we carried out an exploratory study that asked users to select tags from clouds that manipulated nine visual properties. Our results show that font size and font weight have stronger effects than intensity, number of characters, or tag area; but when several visual properties are manipulated at once, there is no one property that stands out above the others. This study adds to the understanding of how visual properties of text capture the attention of users, indicates general guidelines for designers of tag clouds, and provides a study paradigm and starting points for future studies. In addition, our findings may be applied more generally to the visual presentation of textual hyperlinks as a way to provide more information to web navigators."
1474375485,"Visualizing social links in exploratory search","Donaldson et al.",0,2,24,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379132","Justin J. Donaldson, Michael Conover, Benjamin Markines, Heather Roinestad, Filippo Menczer","Justin J. Donaldson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379132","Experimentation, Human Factors","false","The visualization of results is a critical component in search engines, and the standard ranked list interface has been a consistently predominant model. The emergence of social media provides a new opportunity to investigate visualization techniques that expose socially derived links between objects to support their exploration. Here we introduce and evaluate network-based visualizations for facilitating the exploration of a Web knowledge space. We developed a force directed network interface to visualize the result sets provided by GiveALink.org, a social bookmarking site. The classifications and tags by users are aggregated to build a social similarity network between bookmarked resources. We administered a user study to evaluate the potential of leveraging such social links in an exploratory search task. During exploration, the similarity links are used to arrange the resources in a semantic layout. Users in our study prefer a hybrid interface combining a conventional ranked list and a two dimensional network map, allowing them to find the same amount of relevant information using fewer queries. This behavior is a direct result of the additional structural information present in the network visualization, which aids them in the exploration of the information space."
1474375486,"Asquare: a powerful evaluation tool for adaptive hypermedia course system","Bravo, Vialardi & Ortigosa",2,0,10,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379134","Javier Bravo, Cesar Vialardi, Alvaro Ortigosa","Javier Bravo","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379134","","false","Currently many methods and tools are being developed to support e-Learning courses. On the one hand, they are used to help students. On the other, a few applications are being developed to help course designers and instructors. In addition, the development of this applications is important for improving the performance of the course. Thus, we proposed in this paper to use data mining methods to aid in the designing of adaptive courses and the evaluation of their effectiveness. Lastly, the results of the implementation of our tool and examples of the utility of Data Mining for teachers is given."
1474375489,"An empirical study of the learning effect of an ontology-driven information system","Heo & Yi",1,0,7,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379137","Misook Heo, Myongho Yi","Misook Heo","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379137","","false","This paper investigates the effect of an ontology-driven information system on users’ learning the content of the domain covered by the system. While there have been quite a number of research studies on ontology systems’ design, development and evaluation, its impact on users has not been a popular research topic. An experimental system has been developed and constructed with pluralistic, non-linear representations of metadata and relationships. While the expected learning effect did not occur among differently trained participant groups, previous online search experience showed a positive correlation with the performance of the participants."
1474375492,"Social selected learning content out of web lectures","Ketterl, Emden & Brunstein",1,0,8,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379140","Markus Ketterl, Johannes Emden, Jörg Brunstein","Markus Ketterl","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379140","","false","Virtpresenter is a system for recording lectures and for re-using recorded contents in other didactic scenarios. Here we demonstrate how the interaction of earlier visitors in form of footprints can be used for extracting relevant passages in time based media. We illustrate how to extract online web lecture snippets for enriching static contents of a course wiki page or student blogs."
1474375495,"Iclone: towards online social navigation","Papagelis, Papagelis & Zaroliagis",0,1,4,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379143","Athanasios Papagelis, Manos Papagelis, Christos Zaroliagis","Athanasios Papagelis","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379143","","false","For a place that gathers millions of people the Web seems pretty lonely at times. This is mainly due to the current predominant browsing scenario; that of an individual participating in an autonomous surfing session. We believe that people should be seen as an integral part of the browsing and searching activity towards a concept known as social navigation. Based on this observation we present iClone (www.iclone.com), a social web browser that is able to raise awareness of other people surfing similar websites at the same time by utilizing temporal correlations of their web history logs and to facilitate online communication and collaboration."
1474375497,"Are we talking about the same structure?: a unified approach to hypertext links, xml, rdf and zigzag","Pourabdollah, Ashman & Brailsford",0,1,5,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379145","Amir Pourabdollah, Helen Ashman, Tim Brailsford","Amir Pourabdollah","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379145","","false","There are many different hypertext systems and paradigms, each with their apparent advantages. However the distinctions are perhaps not as significant as they seem. If we can reduce the core linking functionality to some common structure, which allows us to consider hypertext systems within a common model, we could identify what, if anything, distinguishes hypertext systems from each other. This paper offers such a common structure, showing the conceptual similarities between each of these systems and paradigms."
1474375498,"Hypermedia design patterns","Rubart",10,0,16,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379146","Jessica Rubart","Jessica Rubart","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379146","","false","This poster aims at motivating the hypermedia community to identify and describe hypermedia patterns focusing on software design. Design patterns support a shared vocabulary and a shared understanding about design models. In addition, they facilitate reusing prior experience for new designs. An example hypermedia design pattern is provided."
1474375499,"Hyperlinks visualization using social bookmarking","Tomša & Bieliková",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","Linking People and Places","HT '08","2008","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1379092.1379147","Marek Tomša, Mariá Bieliková","Marek Tomša","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1379092.1379147","","false","We present a method for navigation support by visualization of actual web page context. We browse and incrementally visualize a graph representing an abstraction of web navigation where nodes represent web pages and edges represent relationships between them expressed either by explicit links (one page linking to another through the content) or implied relationships (relevant pages several clicks away). We proposed several metrics for edge relevance evaluation. In the metrics, existing metadata in form of tags associated with bookmarks offered by collaborative social bookmarking sites is employed and user preferences represented by their tag usage are taken into account."
1474378307,"On hypertext narrative","Bernstein",8,11,45,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557920","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557920","Hypertext narrative, fiction, patterns, stretchtext","false","Annals and chronicles may be the foundation of accounting, but writers of stories and histories have long known that they seldom render a satisfactory account of complex events. In place of a simple chronological list, narrative instead organizes our account in new sequences in order to illuminate the interplay of actors and events. We want hypertext narrative to do things we cannot achieve in print; though we may occasionally use links to introduce variation in presentation or in story; it is now clear that hypertext will most frequently prove useful in changing (or adapting) plot. After discussing the ways in which plot may be varied, I describe the use of stretchtext as a reaction against the perceived incoherence of classic hypertext narrative, demonstrate the limitations that conventional stretchtext necessarily imposes on hypertext narrative, and describe an implemented generalization of stretchtext that matches the expressive and formal capabilities of classical hypertext systems while appearing to be a mere stretchtext and while running within the confines of a Web browser."
1474378308,"Bringing your dead links back to life: a comprehensive approach and lessons learned","Morishima et al.",1,0,30,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557921","Atsuyuki Morishima, Akiyoshi Nakamizo, Toshinari Iida, Shigeo Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Kitagawa","Atsuyuki Morishima","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557921","Broken links, integrity management","false","This paper presents an experimental study of the automatic correction of broken (dead) Web links focusing, in particular, on links broken by the relocation ofWeb pages. Our first contribution is that we developed an algorithm that incorporates a comprehensive set of heuristics, some of which are novel, in a single unified framework. The second contribution is that we conducted a relatively large-scale experiment, and analysis of our results revealed the characteristics of the problem of finding movedWeb pages. We demonstrated empirically that the problem of searching for moved pages is different from typical information retrieval problems. First, it is impossible to identify the final destination until the page is moved, so the index-server approach is not necessarily effective. Secondly, there is a large bias about where the new address is likely to be and crawler-based solutions can be effectively implemented, avoiding the need to search the entire Web. We analyzed the experimental results in detail to show how important each heuristic is in real Web settings, and conducted statistical analyses to show that our algorithm succeeds in correctly finding new links for more than 70% of broken links at 95% confidence level."
1474378309,"The dynamics of personal territories on the web","Beauvisage",0,1,41,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557922","Thomas Beauvisage","Thomas Beauvisage","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557922","Browsing Behaviors, Traffic Analysis, Usage Territories, User-centric Traffic Data, Web Usage Mining","false","In this paper, we present a long-term study of user-centric Web traffic data collected in 2000-2002 and 2005-2006 from two large representative panels of French Internet users. Our work focuses on the dynamics of personal territories on the Web and their evolution between 2000 and 2006. At the session level, we distinguish four profiles of browsing dynamics in 2005-2006, and point out the growing dichotomy between straight routine sessions and exploratory browsing. At a global level, we observe that although each individual’s corpus of visited sites is permanently growing, his browsing practices are structured around routine well-known sites which operate as links providers to new sites. We argue that this tension between the known and the unknown is constitutive of Web practices and is a fundamental property of personal Web territories."
1474378310,"HyperSea: towards a spatial hypertext environment for web 2.0 content","Styliaras & Christodoulou",20,0,34,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557924","Georgios D.P. Styliaras, Sotiris P. Christodoulou","Georgios D.P. Styliaras","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557924","Hypertext structure, Spatial hypertext, Web 2.0 content","true","In this paper, we present HyperSea, an environment for importing, organizing and interacting with web 2.0 content. The environment is based mainly on previous research on hypertext systems, spatial hypertext and it tries to overcome presentation limitations of today’s popular web 2.0 applications. Content is structured as islands and nodes which may be interlinked and characterized by various levels of visual cues, according to its type and origin. As the resulting content is structured, HyperSea may support alternative views and search operations over it. We present an extensive case-study for illustrating functionality and we organize some future work."
1474378311,"Comparing spatial hypertext collections","Matias & Williams",4,1,17,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557925","J. Nathan Matias, David P. Williams","J. Nathan Matias","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557925","ShyWiki, Spatial hypertext, Tinderbox, VKB, VUE, Webspiration, collaboration, comparison, model merging, siDiff, version management","true","This paper proposes an approach to comparison of spatial hypertext collections which avoids becoming entangled in complexities of version management and merging. We also propose and illustrate principles for presenting comparisons of spatial hypertext without losing important implicit information.
We argue that multiple view options, distinct areas for different collections, and dependency lists are all necessary if comparison is to retain the kinds of meaning fundamentally important to spatial hypertext."
1474378312,"Towards a constructivist approach to learning from hypertext","AlAgha & Burd",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557926","Iyad AlAgha, Liz Burd","Iyad AlAgha","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557926","Adaptable hypertext, Constructivism, Hypertext layering, Knowledge construction, Meta-cognitive tool, Navigation planning","false","How to help learners construct knowledge from hypertext and plan a navigation process on the Web are important issues in Web based learning. To provide solutions to these issues, this paper presents Knowledge Puzzle, a tool for knowledge construction from the Web. Its main contribution to Web-based learning is the personalization of information structure on the Web to cope with the knowledge structure in the learner’s mind. Self-directed learners will be able to adapt the path of instruction on the Web to their way of thinking, regardless of how the Web content is delivered. The way to achieve that is to provide learners with a meta-cognitive tool that enables them to bring knowledge gained from the Web to the surface and visualize what they have in mind. Once we get the learner’s viewpoint externalized, it will be converted to a hypermedia layer that will be laid over the Web pages visited by the learner. The attached layer adapts the views of Web pages to the learner’s information needs by associating information pieces that are not already linked in hyperspace and attaching the learner’s notes to the page content. Finally, a hypertext version of the whole constructed knowledge is produced to enable fast and easy reviewing."
1474378313,"Supporting daily scrum meetings with change structure","Rubart & Freykamp",4,0,12,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557927","Jessica Rubart, Frank Freykamp","Jessica Rubart","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557927","Change Link, Change Structure, Cooperative Hypermedia, Daily Scrum Meeting, Knowledge Management, Scrum, Spatial Hypertext, Task Board, Task Management","false","A flexible cooperative task board for supporting daily scrum meetings is described as an application of different hypermedia domains. In addition, change structure is introduced as a means to explicitly model changes in task management. It helps the scrum development team in a sprint retrospective to improve their planning."
1474378315,"Improving recommender systems with adaptive conversational strategies","Mahmood & Ricci",0,1,25,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557930","Tariq Mahmood, Francesco Ricci","Tariq Mahmood","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557930","Adaptivity, Conversational Recommender Systems, Markov Decision Process, Reinforcement Learning, User Study","false","Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) assist online users in their information-seeking and decision making tasks by supporting an interactive process. Although these processes could be rather diverse, CRSs typically follow a fixed strategy, e.g., based on critiquing or on iterative query reformulation. In a previous paper, we proposed a novel recommendation model that allows conversational systems to autonomously improve a fixed strategy and eventually learn a better one using reinforcement learning techniques. This strategy is optimal for the given model of the interaction and it is adapted to the users’ behaviors. In this paper we validate our approach in an online CRS by means of a user study involving several hundreds of testers. We show that the optimal strategy is different from the fixed one, and supports more effective and efficient interaction sessions."
1474378318,"Scholarly research process: investigating the effects of link type and directionality","Alford & Mendes",13,0,41,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557934","Mark Leslie Alford, Emilia Mendes","Mark Leslie Alford","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557934","Scholarly research process, bi-directional links, hypertext, links, scholarly writing process, typed links","false","Hypertext research has discovered new ways to explore, represent and visualise data and has led to many improvements in the usability and usefulness of systems. However, in the field of scholarly writing research, several studies discuss the need for improving the current state of affairs [18][24][29]. This research aimed to investigate whether typed and/or bi-directional links have an effect on users’ performance and confidence when undertaking a literature survey [18], considered one of the phases of a scholarly writing process [29]. Two empirical studies were conducted - a survey and a formal experiment, and results showed that both typed and bi-directional links had significant effect on users’ performance and confidence when undertaking common early scholarly writing tasks, specifically benefiting tasks relating to surveying existing literature."
1474378320,"Dynamic hypertext generation for reusing open corpus content","Steichen et al.",2,1,45,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557937","Ben Steichen, Séamus Lawless, Alexander O'Connor, Vincent Wade","Ben Steichen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557937","Adaptation, Hypertext Generation, Metadata Generation, Open Corpus Content, Personalisation","false","Adaptive hypermedia systems traditionally focus on providing personalised learning services for formal or informal learners. The learning material is typically sourced from a proprietary set of closed corpus content. A fundamental problem with this type of architecture is the need for handcrafted learning objects, enriched with considerable amounts of metadata. The challenge of generating adaptive and personalised hypertext presentations from open source content promises a dramatic improvement of the choice of information shown to the learner. This paper proposes an architecture of such a dynamic hypertext generation system and its use in an authentic learning environment. The system is evaluated in terms of educational benefit, as well as the satisfaction of the users testing the system. Concluding from this evaluation, the paper will explore the future work necessary to further enhance the system performance and learning experience."
1474378321,"2LIPGarden: 3D hypermedia for everyone","Jankowski et al.",3,1,10,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557938","Jacek Jankowski, Izabela Irzynska, Bill McDaniel, Stefan Decker","Jacek Jankowski","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557938","2LIP, 3D Hypermedia, Copernicus, Hyper-Storytelling, Publish","false","The early Web was hailed for being easy to use, and what is more important, giving people a chance to participate in its growth. The Web3D was believed to have potential to be the next step in the Web’s evolution, since it could benefit from graphics hardware and provide users with new and exciting experiences. Nevertheless, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML), the first Web3D standard, and its successor X3D, did not generate commercial success. These languages were excessively complex for average Internet users.
In this paper, we propose 2LIPGarden, a 3D Hypermedia publishing framework that lets individuals who only know basic HTML - those same enthusiasts who could write pages for the early Web - create simple, easy to use yet interactive 3D web pages. Our framework builds upon 2-Layer Interface Paradigm (2LIP), an attempt to marry advantages of 3D experience with the advantages of narrative structure of hypertext. We introduce c-link to HTML, a new type of hyperlink, which connects text with its 3D visualization."
1474378322,"Using a thematic model to enrich photo montages","Hargood, Millard & Weal",2,1,13,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557939","Charlie Hargood, David E. Millard, Mark J. Weal","Charlie Hargood","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557939","Folksonomies, Narrative, Narrative Generation, Thematics","false","Narrative systems attempt to present users with media collections that include some element of structure or story, however these collections can lack an authorial voice and seem bland as a result. In this paper we explore how themes could be used to enrich automatically generated narratives, and describe how a system which generated story selections in the form of photo montages was developed using a thematic model of narrative. This was achieved by selecting narrative atoms, in this case photographs, from a selection of images on a specific subject with relevance to a desired theme. Our pilot study shows that our thematic system selects images with greater relevance to desired titles, and that the positive impact of thematic selection increases when the images are presented together. We hope that our thematic work will inform others working on narrative systems, and will lead to richer automated narratives."
1474378323,"Collaborative time-based case work","Bohøj & Bouvin",3,0,8,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557940","Morten Bohøj, Niels Olof Bouvin","Morten Bohøj","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557940","temporal hypermedia, timeline","false","We explore in this paper using timelines to represent bureaucratic processes in a municipal setting. The system described herein enables citizens and case workers to collaborate over the application for and configuration of parental leave, which is a highly involved process under Danish law."
1474378324,"From XML inclusions to XML transclusions","Di Iorio & Lumley",1,2,15,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557942","Angelo Di Iorio, John Lumley","Angelo Di Iorio","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557942","Composite Documents, Hot-links, Transclusions, XML Inclusions, XSLT","false","Modularized documents, composed of fragments from multiple sources, provide users high maintainability and reuse. In the world of XML, powerful and widely-supported solutions exist to create such documents. Surprisingly enough, a lot of interesting features - especially those envisioned by the pioneers of the hypermedia community - are still missing for XML inclusions. The goal of this paper is to investigate these issues and identify possible improvements in this area. Our main inspiration is the Xanadu project and the concept of transclusions. This paper proposes an enhanced model to describe and interact with XML inclusions. We identify multiple classes of inclusions and multiple views of multi-source documents. Particular attention is also given to the idea of making inclusions transparent to both users and applications. An engine producing composite documents, with rich information about inclusions, and a viewer for modularized XML documents are presented as well."
1474378325,"Interpreting the layout of web pages","Francisco-Revilla & Crow",4,1,26,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557943","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Jeff Crow","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557943","Adaptive Hypermedia, Assistive Technology, Modular Layouts, Sighted Users, Spatial Hypermedia, Visually Impaired Users","false","Web pages such as news and shopping sites often use modular layouts. When used effectively this practice allows authors to present clearly large amounts of information in a single page. However, while sighted people can visually parse and understand these complex layouts in seconds, current assistive technologies such as screen readers cannot. This puts visually impaired users at a great disadvantage. In order to design better assistive technologies, we conducted a study of how people interpret modular layouts of news and shopping Web pages. The study revealed that when the layout complexity increases, the interpretation process gets longer and the reading gets more varied. Also, before looking at the main content, users first frame the Web page by looking for familiar structural elements that can be used as references and entry points. These elements include navigational bars, search boxes, and ads. This implies that assistive technologies can reduce the time required to frame the pages if they help users identify reference points and entry points."
1474378327,"What's in a session: tracking individual behavior on the web","Meiss et al.",0,1,21,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557946","Mark Meiss, John Duncan, Bruno Gonçalves, José J. Ramasco, Filippo Menczer","Mark Meiss","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557946","Web session, Web traffic, click stream, navigation, popularity","false","We examine the properties of all HTTP requests generated by a thousand undergraduates over a span of two months. Preserving user identity in the data set allows us to discover novel properties of Web traffic that directly affect models of hypertext navigation. We find that the popularity of Web sites—the number of users who contribute to their traffic—lacks any intrinsic mean and may be unbounded. Further, many aspects of the browsing behavior of individual users can be approximated by log-normal distributions even though their aggregate behavior is scale-free. Finally, we show that users’ click streams cannot be cleanly segmented into sessions using timeouts, affecting any attempt to model hypertext navigation using statistics of individual sessions. We propose a strictly logical definition of sessions based on browsing activity as revealed by referrer URLs; a user may have several active sessions in their click stream at any one time. We demonstrate that applying a timeout to these logical sessions affects their statistics to a lesser extent than a purely timeout-based mechanism."
1474378328,"Individual and social behavior in tagging systems","Santos-Neto et al.",2,3,26,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557947","Elizeu Santos-Neto, David Condon, Nazareno Andrade, Adriana Iamnitchi, Matei Ripeanu","Elizeu Santos-Neto","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557947","Tagging, interest sharing, random null model, tag reuse","false","In tagging systems users can annotate items of interest with free-form terms. A good understanding of usage characteristics of such systems is necessary to improve the design of current and next generation of tagging systems. To this end, this work explores three aspects of user behavior in CiteULike and Connotea, two systems that include tagging features to support online personalized management of scientific publications. First, this study characterizes the degree to which users re-tag previously published items and reuse tags: 10 to 20% of the daily activity can be characterized as re-tagging and about 75% of the activity as tag reuse. Second, we use the pairwise similarity between users’ activity to characterize the interest sharing in the system. We present the interest sharing distribution across the system, show that this metric encodes information about existing usage patterns, and attempt to correlate interest sharing levels to indicators of collaboration such as co-membership in discussion groups and semantic similarity of tag vocabularies. Finally, we show that interest sharing leads to an implicit structure that exhibit a natural segmentation. Throughout the paper we discuss the potential impact of our findings on the design of mechanisms that support tagging systems."
1474378330,"Social search and discovery using a unified approach","Amitay et al.",0,1,25,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557950","Einat Amitay, David Carmel, Nadav Har'El, Shila Ofek-Koifman, Aya Soffer, Sivan Yogev, Nadav Golbandi","Einat Amitay","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557950","Social search, enterprise search, multifaceted search","false","This research explores new ways to augment the search and discovery of relations between Web 2.0 entities using multiple types and sources of social information. Our goal is to allow the search for all object types such as documents, persons and tags, while retrieving related objects of all types. We implemented a social-search engine using a unified approach, where the search space is expanded to represent heterogeneous information objects that are interrelated by several relation types. Our solution is based on multifaceted search, which provides an efficient update mechanism for relations between objects, as well as efficient search over the heterogeneous data. We describe a social search engine positioned within a large enterprise, applied over social data gathered from several Web 2.0 applications. We conducted a large user study with over 600 people to evaluate the contribution of social data for search. Our results demonstrate the high precision of social search results and confirm the strong relationship of users and tags to the topics retrieved."
1474378331,"Context-based ranking in folksonomies","Abel et al.",3,0,27,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557951","Fabian Abel, Matteo Baldoni, Cristina Baroglio, Nicola Henze, Daniel Krause, Viviana Patti","Fabian Abel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557951","Adaptation, Context, Folksonomies, Ranking, Search, Social Media","false","With the advent of Web 2.0 tagging became a popular feature. People tag diverse kinds of content, e.g. products at Amazon, music at Last.fm, images at Flickr, etc. Clicking on a tag enables the users to explore related content. In this paper we investigate how such tag-based queries, initialized by the clicking activity, can be enhanced with automatically produced contextual information so that the search result better fits to the actual aims of the user. We introduce the SocialHITS algorithm and present an experiment where we compare different algorithms for ranking users, tags, and resources in a contextualized way."
1474378334,"Statistical properties of inter-arrival times distribution in social tagging systems","Capocci et al.",2,0,19,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557955","Andrea Capocci, Andrea Baldassarri, Vito D.P. Servedio, Vittorio Loreto","Andrea Capocci","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557955","folksonomies, semiotic dynamics, semiotics, small worlds","false","Folksonomies provide a rich source of data to study social patterns taking place on the World Wide Web. Here we study the temporal patterns of users’ tagging activity. We show that the statistical properties of inter-arrival times between subsequent tagging events cannot be explained without taking into account correlation in users’ behaviors. This shows that social interaction in collaborative tagging communities shapes the evolution of folksonomies. A consensus formation process involving the usage of a small number of tags for a given resources is observed through a numerical and theoretical analysis of some well-known folksonomy datasets."
1474378336,"Contextualising tags in collaborative tagging systems","Yeung, Gibbins & Shadbolt",0,2,37,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557958","Ching-man Au Yeung, Nicholas Gibbins, Nigel Shadbolt","Ching-man Au Yeung","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557958","collaborative tagging, context, folksonomy, semantics","false","Collaborative tagging systems are now popular tools for organising and sharing information on the Web. While collaborative tagging offers many advantages over the use of controlled vocabularies, they also suffer from problems such as the existence of polysemous tags. We investigate how the different contexts in which individual tags are used can be revealed automatically without consulting any external resources. We consider several different network representations of tags and documents, and apply a graph clustering algorithm on these networks to obtain groups of tags or documents corresponding to the different meanings of an ambiguous tag. Our experiments show that networks which explicitly take the social context into account are more likely to give a better picture of the semantics of a tag."
1474378337,"Social recommender systems for web 2.0 folksonomies","Siersdorfer & Sizov",0,3,30,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557959","Stefan Siersdorfer, Sergej Sizov","Stefan Siersdorfer","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557959","Algorithms, Experimentation, Human Factors","false","The rapidly increasing popularity of Web 2.0 knowledge and content sharing systems and growing amount of shared data make discovering relevant content and finding contacts a difficult enterprize. Typically, folksonomies provide a rich set of structures and social relationships that can be mined for a variety of recommendation purposes. In this paper we propose a formal model to characterize users, items, and annotations in Web 2.0 environments. Our objective is to construct social recommender systems that predict the utility of items, users, or groups based on the multi-dimensional social environment of a given user. Based on this model we introduce recommendation mechanisms for content sharing frameworks. Our comprehensive evaluation shows the viability of our approach and emphasizes the key role of social meta knowledge for constructing effective recommendations in Web 2.0 applications."
1474378339,"Jorn Barger, the Newspage Network and the Emergence of the Weblog Community","Ammann",1,0,115,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557962","Rudolf Ammann","Rudolf Ammann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557962","blog, community, network, news, remediation, weblog","false","Working from archival sources, this paper aims to reconstruct the emergence at Jorn Barger’s initiative of the weblog community from a predecessor known as the NewsPage Network."
1474378340,"Weblog as a personal thinking space","Efimova",0,2,34,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557963","Lilia Efimova","Lilia Efimova","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557963","Autoethnography, electronic notebooks, personal information management, weblogs, writing","false","While weblogs have been conceptualised as personal thinking spaces since their early days, those uses have not been studied in detail. The purpose of this paper is to explore how a weblog can contribute to the process of developing ideas in a long-term complex project. To do so I use autoethnography to reconstruct my personal blogging practices in relation to developing PhD ideas from two perspectives. I first discuss my practices of using a weblog as a personal information management tool and then analyse its uses at different stages in the process of working on a PhD dissertation: dealing with fuzzy insights, sense-making and turning ideas into a dissertation text. The findings illustrate that next to supporting thinking in a way private notebooks do, a weblog might serve similar roles as papers on one’s office desk: dealing with emerging insights and difficult to categorise ideas, while at the same time creating opportunities for accidental feedback and impressing those who drop by."
1474378341,"Comparing Chinese and German blogs","Mandl",1,0,33,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557964","Thomas Mandl","Thomas Mandl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557964","Blogs, Culture Models, Internationalization, Social Software","false","Blogs in different countries do not only differ in the language of their texts but in many other aspects as well. This study explores how these differences can be identified and related to known cultural differences. A thorough intellectual analysis of several hundreds of blog pages from China and Germany revealed culturally diverse patterns. Chinese blogs are more graphically oriented. They emphasize the communication between bloggers and commentators. Especially, the distinction between high and low context communication in both cultures seems to have a large impact on the blog communication."
1474378342,"Designing hypertext tools to facilitate authoring multiple points-of-view stories","Mitchell & McGee",9,2,25,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557966","Alex Mitchell, Kevin McGee","Alex Mitchell","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557966","authoring tools, hypertext fiction, interactive storytelling, multiform stories, rashomon, representation","false","How can authoring tools help authors create complex, innovative hypertext narrative structures? Tools for creating hypertext fiction typically represent such narratives in the form of nodes and links. However, existing tools are not particularly helpful when an author wants to create a story with a more complex structure, such as a story told from multiple points of view. In this paper, we describe our work to develop HypeDyn, a new hypertext authoring tool that provides alternative representations designed to make it easier to create complex hypertext story structures. As an initial exploration, the tool has been designed to support authoring of interactive, multiple-points-of-view stories. In order to describe the tool, we describe a simplified transformation of Rashomon into a progressively more interactive narrative. Along the way, we identify useful new representations, mechanisms, and visualizations for helping the author. We conclude with some thoughts about the design of interactive storytelling authoring tools in general."
1474378346,"Incentives for social annotation","Roinestad et al.",1,0,4,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557971","Heather Roinestad, John Burgoon, Benjamin Markines, Filippo Menczer","Heather Roinestad","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557971","","false","Researchers are exploring the use of folksonomies, such as in social bookmarking systems, to build implicit links between online resources. Users create and reinforce links between resources through applying a common tag to those resources. The effectiveness of using such community-driven annotation depends on user participation to provide the critical information. However, the participation of many users is motivated by selfish reasons. An effective way to encourage these users is to create useful or entertaining applications. We demo two such tools—a browser extension for bookmark management and navigation and a game."
1474378352,"The 2LIP model and its implementations","Jankowski & Decker",2,1,9,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557978","Jacek Jankowski, Stefan Decker","Jacek Jankowski","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557978","","false","In this article we present a model for 2-Layer Interface Paradigm (2LIP). 2LIP is an approach for designing simple yet interactive 3D web applications, an attempt to marry advantages of 3D experience with the advantages of the narrative structure of hypertext. The hypertext information, together with graphics, and multimedia, is presented semi-transparently on the foreground layer. It overlays the 3D representation of the information displayed in the background of the interface. We describe implementations of the 2LIP model: 2LIPGarden (HTML context) and Copernicus (wiki context). We want to show that our model can be easily employed to the existing web infrastructure."
1474378353,"MediaJourney: capturing and sharing digital media from real-world and virtual journeys","Nielsen et al.",3,0,9,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557979","Kaspar Rosengreen Nielsen, Rasmus Gude, Marianne Graves Petersen, Kaj Grønbæk","Kaspar Rosengreen Nielsen","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557979","","false","In this poster, we discuss a novel MediaJourney concept and infrastructure with integrated applications for capturing, annotating, and automatically tagging captured media objects during physical journeys as well as virtual journeys on the web or in media collections. The main objective of MediaJourney is to radically reduce overhead in collecting and organizing captured digital media for planned or ad-hoc sharing with family and friends, e.g. in a home setting. This is supported with a mix of automatic tagging and manual selection or keyword tagging of journeys at the time of capture. The idea is to provide automatic and simple mechanisms for structuring while capturing."
1474378356,"A scalable, collaborative similarity measure for social annotation systems","Markines & Menczer",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557982","Benjamin Markines, Filippo Menczer","Benjamin Markines","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557982","","false","Collaborative annotation tools are in widespread use. The metadata from these systems can be mined to induce semantic relationships among Web objects (sites, pages, tags, concepts, users), which in turn can support improved search, recommendation, and otherWeb applications. We build upon prior work by extracting relationships among tags and among resources from two social bookmarking systems, Bibsonomy.org and GiveALink.org. We introduce a scalable and collaborative measure that we name maximum information path (MIP) similarity. Our analysis shows that MIP outperforms the best scalable similarity measures in the literature. We are currently integrating MIP similarity into a number of applications under development in the GiveALink project, including search and recommendation, Web navigation maps, bookmark management, social networks, spam detection, and a tagging game to create incentives for collaborative annotations."
1474378358,"Retrieving broken web links using an approach based on contextual information","Martinez-Romo & Araujo",1,0,5,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557984","Juan Martinez-Romo, Lourdes Araujo","Juan Martinez-Romo","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557984","","false","In this short note we present a recommendation system for automatic retrieval of broken Web links using an approach based on contextual information. We extract information from the context of a link such as the anchor text, the content of the page containing the link, and a combination of the cache page in some search engine and web archive, if it exists. Then the selected information is processed and submitted to a search engine. We propose an algorithm based on information retrieval techniques to select the most relevant information and to rank the candidate pages provided for the search engine, in order to help the user to find the best replacement. To test the different methods, we have also defined a methodology which does not require the user judgements, what increases the objectivity of the results."
1474378361,"When printed hypertexts go digital: information extraction from the parsing of indices","Romanello et al.",3,0,7,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557987","Matteo Romanello, Monica Berti, Alison Babeu, Gregory Crane","Matteo Romanello","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557987","","false","Modern critical editions of ancient works generally include manually created indices of other sources quoted in the text. Since indices can be considered as a form of domain specific language, the paper presents a parsing-based approach to the problem of extracting information from them to support the creation of a collection of fragmentary texts. This paper first considers the characteristics and structure of quotation indices and their importance when dealing with fragmentary texts. It then presents the results of applying a fuzzy parser to the OCR transcription of an index of quotations to extract information from potentially noisy input."
1474378362,"The role of tag suggestions in folksonomies","Bollen & Halpin",1,1,5,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557988","Dirk Bollen, Harry Halpin","Dirk Bollen","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557988","","false","Most tagging systems support the user in the tag selection process by providing tag suggestions, or recommendations, based on a popularity measurement of tags other users provided when tagging the same resource. The majority of theories and mathematical models of tagging found in the literature assume that the emergence of power laws in tagging systems is mainly driven by the imitation behavior of users when observing tag suggestions provided by the user interface of the tagging system. We present experimental results that show that the power law distribution forms regardless of whether or not tag suggestions are presented to the users."
1474378370,"iDYNamicTV: a social adaptive television experience","Carmagnola et al.",0,1,8,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1557996","Francesca Carmagnola, Federica Cena, Luca Console, Pierluigi Grillo, Fabiana Vernero, Rossana Simeoni, Monica Perrero","Francesca Carmagnola","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1557996","","false","The paper presents an approach to merge Web 2.0 and adaptation with TV contents in order to enrich the user experience. We present iDYNamicTV, a social Web-based recommender system dealing with multimedia contents. iDYNamicTV is part of a larger project by Telecom Italia (DynamicTV) for enhancing user experience in TV fruition. The goal of iDynamicTV is to provide facilities to entertain when exploring and discovering media contents on the Web using a computer interface."
1474378376,"Dynamic and adaptive hypertext: generic frameworks, approaches and techniques","De Bra & Pechenizkiy",2,0,3,"Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '09","2009","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1557914.1558003","Paul De Bra, Mykola Pechenizkiy","Paul De Bra","Workshop","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1557914.1558003","","false","Dynamic generation of hypertext and its adaptation and personalization to particular users is a powerful and useful concept. It is particularly helpful for the reduction of the information overload such as is frequently experienced on the Internet. But it is equally helpful for guiding users towards “interesting” topics, products, artifacts or descriptions thereof in electronic shops, libraries or museums, or for filtering appropriate items from a general or domain-specific news feed.
Reference models and generic architectures unify a community and provide a leading generic model and/or architecture that spawns research activities in many directions. Examples of such generic models are AHAM [2] for adaptive hypermedia and FOHM for open hypermedia. A nice example of a resulting generic implementation is the AHA! system [1] that was last described in ACM Hypertext’06.
The research fields of hypertext and adaptive hypermedia (or adaptive web-based information systems) however, have been growing rapidly during the past ten years and this has resulted in a plethora of new terms, concepts, models and prototype systems [3]. As a result the established models no longer include many of the recent new concepts and phenomena. In particular, open corpus adaptation, ontologies, group adaptation, social network analysis and data mining tools for adaptation are not or at least insufficiently supported."
1474380665,"Is this a good title?","Klein, Shipman & Nelson",1,0,37,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810621","Martin Klein, Jeffery Shipman, Michael L. Nelson","Martin Klein","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810621","Digital Preservation, Web Page Discovery, Web Page Titles","false","Missing web pages, URIs that return the 404 “Page Not Found” error or the HTTP response code 200 but dereference unexpected content, are ubiquitous in today’s browsing experience. We use Internet search engines to relocate such missing pages and provide means that help automate the rediscovery process. We propose querying web pages’ titles against search engines. We investigate the retrieval performance of titles and compare them to lexical signatures which are derived from the pages’ content. Since titles naturally represent the content of a document they intuitively change over time. We measure the edit distance between current titles and titles of copies of the same pages obtained from the Internet Archive and display their evolution. We further investigate the correlation between title changes and content modifications of a web page over time. Lastly we provide a predictive model for the quality of any given web page title in terms of its discovery performance. Our results show that titles return more than 60% URIs top ranked and further relevant content returned in the top 10 results. We show that titles decay slowly but are far more stable than the pages’ content. We further distill stop titles than can help identify insufficiently performing search engine queries."
1474380667,"A semiotic approach for the generation of themed photo narratives","Hargood, Millard & Weal",3,1,30,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810623","Charlie Hargood, David E. Millard, Mark J. Weal","Charlie Hargood","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810623","Folksonomies, Narrative, Narrative Generation, Semiotics, Thematics","false","A wide variety of systems could be considered ‘narrative systems’, either directly working towards generating rich narratives or, more frequently, because they present or handle information in a narrative context. These narratives, generated or otherwise handled, may contain themes; an essential part of the subtext of narrative communicating important concepts outside the capabilities of the literal meaning of the content and forming the thematic cohesion that aids the flow of the presented narrative. However despite this very little work has been undertaken to understand of take advantage of these themes, particularly in narrative generation where the presence of well defined themes may improve the richness of those generated narratives. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a system utilising a thematic model in order to generate simple narratives in the form of photo montages compared to a keyword based system that does not. The experiment demonstrates that the system utilising the thematic model is capable of successfully connoting themes within these narratives. It also shows that the relevance of the resulting narratives to the titles used to generate them is higher in the thematic system than those generated by the other system."
1474380669,"Automatic construction of travel itineraries using social breadcrumbs","De Choudhury et al.",0,1,17,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810626","Munmun De Choudhury, Moran Feldman, Sihem Amer-Yahia, Nadav Golbandi, Ronny Lempel, Cong Yu","Munmun De Choudhury","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810626","Flickr, geo-tags, mechanical turk, orienteering problem, social media, travel itinerary","false","Vacation planning is one of the frequent—but nonetheless laborious—tasks that people engage themselves with online; requiring skilled interaction with a multitude of resources. This paper constructs intra-city travel itineraries automatically by tapping a latent source reflecting geo-temporal breadcrumbs left by millions of tourists. For example, the popular rich media sharing site, Flickr, allows photos to be stamped by the time of when they were taken and be mapped to Points Of Interests (POIs) by geographical (i.e. latitude-longitude) and semantic (e.g., tags) metadata.
Leveraging this information, we construct itineraries following a two-step approach. Given a city, we first extract photo streams of individual users. Each photo stream provides estimates on where the user was, how long he stayed at each place, and what was the transit time between places. In the second step, we aggregate all user photo streams into a POI graph. Itineraries are then automatically constructed from the graph based on the popularity of the POIs and subject to the user’s time and destination constraints.
We evaluate our approach by constructing itineraries for several major cities and comparing them, through a “crowd-sourcing” marketplace (Amazon Mechanical Turk), against itineraries constructed from popular bus tours that are professionally generated. Our extensive survey-based user studies over about 450 workers on AMT indicate that high quality itineraries can be automatically constructed from Flickr data."
1474380671,"Connecting users and items with weighted tags for personalized item recommendations","Liang et al.",2,0,27,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810628","Huizhi Liang, Yue Xu, Yuefeng Li, Richi Nayak, Xiaohui Tao","Huizhi Liang","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810628","Personalization, Recommender systems, Tags, Web 2.0","false","Tags are an important information source in Web 2.0. They can be used to describe users’ topic preferences as well as the content of items to make personalized recommendations. However, since tags are arbitrary words given by users, they contain a lot of noise such as tag synonyms, semantic ambiguities and personal tags. Such noise brings difficulties to improve the accuracy of item recommendations. To eliminate the noise of tags, in this paper we propose to use the multiple relationships among users, items and tags to find the semantic meaning of each tag for each user individually. With the proposed approach, the relevant tags of each item and the tag preferences of each user are determined. In addition, the user and item-based collaborative filtering combined with the content filtering approach are explored. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated in the experiments conducted on real world datasets collected from Amazon.com and citeULike website."
1474380673,"The influence of adaptation on hypertext structures and navigation","Ramos & De Bra",2,0,13,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810632","Vinicius Faria Culmant Ramos, Paul M.E. de Bra","Vinicius Faria Culmant Ramos","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810632","Adaptive Hypermedia, Evaluation, Navigation, Structural Analysis","false","In adaptive hypertexts the user is guided in two ways: through the existence of link and through link annotation or hiding. Link structures have been investigated, starting with Botafogo et al, and the effect of link annotation has been studied, for instance by Brusilovsky et al. This paper studies the combined effect of link structure and annotation/hidin on the navigation patterns of users. It defines empirical hubs and studies their correlation with hubs as defined by Kleinberg without considering adaptation. The data for the analysis have been extracted from the logs of the course “Hypermedia Structures and Systems,” an online adaptive course offered at the Eindhoven University of Technology."
1474380674,"The next generation authoring adaptive hypermedia: using and evaluating the MOT3.0 and PEAL tools","Foss & Cristea",1,3,23,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810633","Jonathan G.K. Foss, Alexandra I. Cristea","Jonathan G.K. Foss","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810633","LAG, LAOS, MOT, adaptive hypermedia, authoring tools","false","Adaptive hypermedia allows for customization to the needs of the user. The authoring process however is not trivial, and is often the main hurdle to overcome in order to bring this useful paradigm to a greater number of users. In this paper, we discuss the major problems occurring in authoring of adaptive hypermedia, and propose a set of generic authoring imperatives, to be consulted by any system implementing creation tools for customization of content. Based on these imperatives, in this paper we extensively illustrate and discuss recent extensions and improvements we have implemented in the My Online Teacher (MOT) adaptation authoring tool set, including the MOT3.0 content authoring and labeling tool and the PEAL adaptation strategy author. Furthermore, we evaluate, compare and discuss two long term uses of the MOT tool set, first in 2008 and the second in 2009."
1474380676,"Assisting two-way mapping generation in hypermedia workspace","Hsieh et al.",4,1,37,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810636","Haowei Hsieh, Katherine Pauls, Amber Jansen, Gautam Nimmagadda, Frank Shipman","Haowei Hsieh","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810636","Information visualization, editable visualizations, information workspace, spatial hypertext, two-way mappings","false","This paper reports our study of a two-way mapping generation tool called Mapping Assistant, as an extension to the Spatial Hypermedia system VITE. Mapping Assistant has been designed to overcome the problem arising due to the difficulty of users in generating an initial two-way mapping for VITE. We have developed VITE to allow users to interact with information in a semi-formal workspace. Creating two-way mapping profiles is a vital step for projecting structured information into a spatial hypermedia system. A previous study of VITE indicated that users spent much of their time developing an initial mapping before working on the information task. We designed the Mapping Assistant to assist users by generating a quick initial mapping from the data entered by the user and reduce the cognitive and mental load on the user. This research studies users’ impression of the Mapping Assistant. The results indicate that the users liked the Mapping Assistant and found it useful, but comments from users also reveal possible directions for further improvement of the tool and its design."
1474380678,"iMapping: a zooming user interface approach for personal and semantic knowledge management","Haller & Abecker",4,2,30,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810638","Heiko Haller, Andreas Abecker","Heiko Haller","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810638","human-computer interaction, interaction design, personal knowledge management, semantic desktop, spatial hypertext, visual knowledge mapping","false","We present iMapping, a zooming based approach for visually organizing information objects. It was developed on top of semantic desktop technologies and especially targets the support of personal knowledge management. iMapping has been designed to combine the advantages of spatial hypertext and other proven visual mapping approaches like mind-mapping and concept mapping, which are incompatible in their original form. We describe the design and prototypical implementation of iMapping—which is fundamentally based on deep zooming and nesting. iMapping bridges the gap between unstructured content like informal text notes and semantic models by allowing annotations with the whole range from vague associations to formal relations. First experimental evaluation of the iMapping user-interface approach indicates favorable user experience and functionality, compared with state-of-the-art Mind-Mapping software."
1474380679,"Modularity for heterogeneous networks","Murata",0,2,16,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810640","Tsuyoshi Murata","Tsuyoshi Murata","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810640","","false","Online social media such as delicious and digg are represented as tripartite networks whose vertices are users, tags, and resources. Detecting communities from such tripartite networks is practically important. Modularity is often used as the criteria for evaluating the goodness of network divisions into communities. Although Newman-Girvan modularity is popular for unipartite networks, it is not suitable for n-partite networks. For bipartite networks, Barber, Guimera, Murata and Suzuki define bipartite modularities. For tripartite networks, Neubauer defines tripartite modularity which extends Murata’s bipartite modularity. However, Neubauer’s tripartite modularity still uses projections and it will lose information that original tripartite networks have. This paper proposes new tripartite modularity for tripartite networks that do not use projections. Experimental results show that better community structures can be detected by optimizing our tripartite modularity."
1474380683,"Of categorizers and describers: an evaluation of quantitative measures for tagging motivation","Körner et al.",1,2,21,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810645","Christian Körner, Roman Kern, Hans-Peter Grahsl, Markus Strohmaier","Christian Körner","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810645","measures, social software, tagging, user motivation","false","While recent research has advanced our understanding about the structure and dynamics of social tagging systems, we know little about (i) the underlying motivations for tagging (why users tag), and (ii) how they influence the properties of resulting tags and folksonomies. In this paper, we focus on problem (i) based on a distinction between two types of user motivations that we have identified in earlier work: Categorizers vs. Describers. To that end, we systematically define and evaluate a number of measures designed to discriminate between describers, i.e. users who use tags for describing resources as opposed to categorizers, i.e. users who use tags for categorizing resources. Subsequently, we present empirical findings from qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the measures on real world tagging behavior. In addition, we conducted a recommender evaluation in which we study the effectiveness of each of the presented measures and found the measure based on the tag content to be the most accurate in predicting the user behavior closely followed by a content independent measure. The overall contribution of this paper is the presentation of empirical evidence that tagging motivation can be approximated with simple statistical measures. Our research is relevant for (a) designers of tagging systems aiming to better understand the motivations of their users and (b) researchers interested in studying the effects of users’ tagging motivation on the properties of resulting tags and emergent structures in social tagging systems"
1474380684,"Of kings, traffic signs and flowers: exploring navigation of tagged documents","Gwizdka",1,0,18,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810646","Jacek Gwizdka","Jacek Gwizdka","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810646","Information Space Metaphors, Pivot browsing, Tag clouds","false","Many popular Web 2.0 sites support navigation of tagged web resources. The tag-based navigation has been described as a lightweight reorientation of view on tags and the associated web resources. But is this navigation really lightweight? This paper briefly presents an interface created to support navigation of tagged documents. The paper then describes a study that explored users’ understanding of the tag-based navigation process and the underlying information space. The results point to difficulties in promoting correct understanding of complex relationships between documents and tags and to the need for creating interfaces that support navigation continuity."
1474380685,"Conversational tagging in twitter","Huang, Thornton & Efthimiadis",3,1,14,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810647","Jeff Huang, Katherine M. Thornton, Efthimis N. Efthimiadis","Jeff Huang","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810647","Twitter, memes, tagging, trends","false","Users on Twitter, a microblogging service, started the phenomenon of adding tags to their messages sometime around February 2008. These tags are distinct from those in other Web 2.0 systems because users are less likely to index messages for later retrieval. We compare tagging patterns in Twitter with those in Delicious to show that tagging behavior in Twitter is different because of its conversational, rather than organizational nature. We use a mixed method of statistical analysis and an interpretive approach to study the phenomenon. We find that tagging in Twitter is more about filtering and directing content so that it appears in certain streams. The most illustrative example of how tagging in Twitter differs is the phenomenon of the Twitter micro-meme: emergent topics for which a tag is created, used widely for a few days, then disappears. We describe the micro-meme phenomenon and discuss the importance of this new tagging practice for the larger real-time search context."
1474380686,"The impact of resource title on tags in collaborative tagging systems","Lipczak & Milios",3,1,26,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810648","Marek Lipczak, Evangelos Milios","Marek Lipczak","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810648","collaborative tagging, folksonomies, modelling","false","Collaborative tagging systems are popular tools for organization, sharing and retrieval of web resources. Their success is due to their freedom and simplicity of use. To post a resource, the user should only define a set of tags that would position the resource in the system’s data structure—folksonomy. This data structure can serve as a rich source of information about relations between tags and concepts they represent. To make use of information collaboratively added to folksonomies, we need to understand how users make tagging decisions. Three factors that are believed to influence user tagging decisions are: the tags used by other users, the organization of user’s personal repository and the knowledge model shared between users. In our work we examine the role of another potential factor—resource title. Despite all the advantages of tags, tagging is a tedious process. To minimize the effort, users are likely to tag with keywords that are easily available. We show that resource title, as a source of useful tags, is easy to access and comprehend. Given a choice of two tags with the same meaning, users are likely to be influenced by their presence in the title. However, a factor that seems to have stronger impact on users’ tagging decisions is maintaining the consistency of the personal profile of tags. The results of our study reveal a new, less idealistic picture of collaborative tagging systems, in which the collaborative aspect seems to be less important than personal gains and convenience."
1474380687,"A narrative-based alternative to tagging","Tomás et al.",1,0,9,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810650","Nuno Tomás, Tiago Guerreiro, Joaquim A. Jorge, Daniel Gonçalves","Nuno Tomás","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810650","Digital Media, Narrative-based interfaces, Tagging","false","The enormous dissemination of multimedia information over the past few years has led to mechanisms to support its organization, cataloging and search through descriptions or keywords. A popular way of associating such descriptions to content is tagging as can be found in popular sites such as Flickr (for images) or Delicious (bookmarks). This method allows users to associate tags to media, richly describing its content and may help in its retrieval at a later time. However, the process is mostly unstructured, leading to several problems. Nothing guarantees that the tags used are the most appropriate or the same tags are used in similar situations, making retrieval difficult.
Our approach relies on narrative-based interfaces which use stories as an organizing principle for tagging media. Given that humans have used stories to communicate since the dawn of time, narrative is a natural form of interaction. By inter-relating bits of information into a coherent whole, stories convey data in a rich, structured way. A study carried out with 40 users over a period of three months shows that users convey almost six times more information when using narratives to describe their media than what is typical of traditional methods. Furthermore, our pilot study saw narratives increasing tag reuse to 94%. Finally, other problems found in tagging such as synonyms and polysemy were notably absent from story-generated tags."
1474380688,"UrbanWeb: a platform for mobile context-awaresocial computing","Hansen & Grønbæk",3,0,25,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810651","Frank Allan Hansen, Kaj Grønbæk","Frank Allan Hansen","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810651","Context-awareness, Geo-spatial Hypermedia, Mobile Web, Multimedia Blogging, Physical Hypermedia, Social Computing, Urban Computing","false","UrbanWeb is a novel Web-based context-aware hypermedia platform. It provides essential mechanisms for mobile social computing applications: the framework implements context as an extension to Web 2.0 tagging and provides developers with an easy to use platform for mobile context-aware applications. Services can be statically or dynamically defined in the user’s context, data can be precached for data intensive mobile applications, and shared state supports synchronization between running applications such as games. The paper discusses how UrbanWeb acquires cues about the user’s context from sensors in mobile phones, ranging from GPS data, to 2D barcodes, and manual entry of context information, as well as how to utilize this context in applications. The experiences show that the UrbanWeb platform efficiently supports a rich variety of urban computing applications in different scales of user populations."
1474380689,"Hyperorders and transclusion: understanding dimensional hypertext","Goulding, Brailsford & Ashman",5,0,28,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810652","James O. Goulding, Timothy J. Brailsford, Helen L. Ashman","James O. Goulding","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810652","ZigZag, hypermedia structure, hyperorder, hyperstructure, set theory, transclusion","true","ZigZag is a unique hyperstructural paradigm designed by the hypertext pioneer Ted Nelson. It has piqued a lot of interest in the hypertext community in recent years because of its aim of revolutionizing electronic access to information and knowledge bases. In ZigZag information is stored in cells that are arranged into lists organized along unlimited numbers of intersecting sets of associations called dimensions. To this infrastructure a mechanism of transclusion is added, allowing the data stored in cells to span, and hence be utilized, in different contexts. Proponents of ZigZag claim that it is a flexible and universal structure for information representation, and yet the system has not been widely adopted and has been implemented even more rarely. In this paper we address the question of whether there are intrinsic theoretical reasons as to why this is the case.
While the basic features and specifications of ZigZag are well known, we delve in to the less understood area of its theoretical underpinnings to tackle this question. By modeling ZigZag within the framework of set theory we reveal a new class of hyperstructure that contains no referencable link objects whatsoever, instead grouping non-referencable binary associations into disjunct but parallel sets of common semantics (dimensions). We go on to further specialize these “dimensional models” into sets of finite partial functions, which are closed over a single domain, isolating the new class of hyperstructures we are calling hyperorders. This analysis not only sheds light on the benefits and limitations of the ZigZag hypermedia system, but also provides a framework to describe and understand a wider family of possible hyperstructure models of which it is an early example. Characteristics of Zigzag’s transclusion mechanisms are also investigated, highlighting a previously unrecognized distinction, and potential irrevocable conflict, between two distinct uses of content reuse: instance and identity transclusion."
1474380691,"Design and evaluation of a hypervideo environment to support veterinary surgery learning","Tiellet et al.",7,2,43,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810656","Claudio A.B. Tiellet, André Grahl Pereira, Eliseo Berni Reategui, José Valdeni Lima, Teresa Chambel","Claudio A.B. Tiellet","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810656","Design, Evaluation, High Education, Hypervideo, Surgery, Veterinary, Video","false","In the search of alternative ways to learning veterinary surgery with live animals, hypervideo was considered a promising candidate as a learning tool. Video can enhance the realism and authenticity of a learning environment. By adding structure and interactivity to video, hypervideo allows to navigate video and to explore other related media to complement it. Hypervideo might then support the creation of a rich and realistic learning environment, through the interactive access, construction and communication of knowledge on veterinary surgery. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of Hvet, a hypervideo environment to support learning of veterinary surgery. Design was based on cognitive and media theories, and evaluation was based on the use of Hvet by veterinary students, in order to test its efficacy in substitution of learning and training with live animals. Results support the hypothesis, showing the potential of hypervideo as a valuable and effective tool to support learning of surgery techniques and revealing the most appreciated design options."
1474380693,"Agents, bookmarks and clicks: a topical model of web navigation","Meiss et al.",2,0,16,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810658","Mark R. Meiss, Bruno Gonçalves, José J. Ramasco, Alessandro Flammini, Filippo Menczer","Mark R. Meiss","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810658","BookRank, PageRank, Web links, agent-based model, back button, bookmarks, browsing, clicks, entropy, interest, navigation, sessions, topicality, traffic","false","Analysis has shown that the standard Markovian model of Web navigation is a poor predictor of actual Web traffic. Using empirical data, we characterize several properties of Web traffic that cannot be reproduced with Markovian models but can be explained by an agent-based model that adds several realistic browsing behaviors. First, agents maintain bookmark lists used as teleportation targets. Second, agents can retreat along visited links, a branching mechanism that can reproduce behavior such the back button and tabbed browsing. Finally, agents are sustained by visiting pages of topical interest, with adjacent pages being related. This modulates the production of new sessions, recreating heterogeneous session lengths. The resulting model reproduces individual behaviors from empirical data, reconciling the narrowly focused browsing patterns of individual users with the extreme heterogeneity of aggregate traffic measurements, and leading the way to more sophisticated, realistic, and effective ranking and crawling algorithms."
1474380694,"Criticism","Bernstein",14,7,93,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810660","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810660","Hypertext narrative, criticism, economics, fiction, publishing","false","Our methods for accumulating and testing evidence of a hypertext’s successes and shortcomings are numerous but poorly understood. This paper surveys the most influential approaches to evaluating hypertexts and considers their impact on crafting a new literary economy."
1474380695,"Capturing implicit user influence in online social sharing","Yeung & Iwata",1,0,30,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810662","Ching-man Au Yeung, Tomoharu Iwata","Ching-man Au Yeung","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810662","Algorithms, Experimentation, Human Factors","false","Online social sharing sites are becoming very popular nowadays among Web users, who use these sites to share their favourite items and to discover interesting and useful items from other users. While an explicit social network is not necessarily present in these sites, it is still possible that users influence one another in the process of item adoption through various implicit mechanisms. In this paper, we study how we can capture the implicit influences among the users in a social sharing site. We propose a probabilistic model for user adoption behaviour, where we assume that when user adopts an item, he would pick a user and choose from the set of items that this user has adopted. By using the model, we estimate the probability that one user influences another user in the course of item adoption, based on the temporal adoption pattern of the users. We carry out empirical studies of the model on Delicious, a popular social bookmarking site. Experiments show that our model can be used to predict item adoption more accurately than using collaborative filtering techniques. We find that the strength of implicit influence various across different topics. We also show that our method is able to identify the influential users who are more likely to possess items interested by other users. Our model can be used to study the dynamics in a social sharing site and to complement collaborative filtering in recommendation systems."
1474380696,"Interpretation and visualization of user history in a spatial hypertext system","Kim & Shipman",3,1,25,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810663","DoHyoung Kim, Frank M. Shipman","DoHyoung Kim","Full paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810663","History, VKB, asynchronous collaboration, awareness, branching history, spatial hypertext, user activity records, visualization","true","We describe a new history mechanism based on experiences with the use of recorded interaction history in the Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB). Problems with the use of history in prior systems include difficulty in locating activity of interest in large tasks, the problem of history records being at a system activity level rather than a human activity level, and difficulty in supporting navigation and comprehension in the branching histories used to represent alternative directions. To support comprehension of the history, we describe automatic history clustering to group low-level system events into a more human-level representation of activity and the extraction of information for summarizing these groups of events. To further support navigation and comprehension of history, the mechanism includes multiple visualization techniques to match diverse uses of history. The new history mechanism is integrated into VKB 3."
1474380697,"Visit me, click me, be my friend: an analysis of evidence networks of user relationships in BibSonomy","Mitzlaff et al.",2,1,16,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810664","Folke Mitzlaff, Dominik Benz, Gerd Stumme, Andreas Hotho","Folke Mitzlaff","Short paper","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810664","community detection, folksonomies, social networks, user recommendation","false","The ongoing spread of online social networking and sharing sites has reshaped the way how people interact with each other. Analyzing the relatedness of different users within the resulting large populations of these systems plays an important role for tasks like user recommendation or community detection. Algorithms in these fields typically face the problem that explicit user relationships (like friend lists) are often very sparse. Surprisingly, implicit evidences (like click logs) of user relations have hardly been considered to this end.
Based on our long-time experience with running BibSonomy [4], we identify in this paper different evidence networks of user relationships in our system. We broadly classify each network based on whether the links are explicitly established by the users (e.g., friendship or group membership) or accrue implicitly in the running system (e.g., when user u copies an entry of user v). We systematically analyze structural properties of these networks and whether topological closeness (in terms of the length of shortest paths) coincides with semantic similarity between users.
Our results exhibit different characteristics and. provide preparatory work for the inclusion of new (and less sparse) information into the process of optimizing community detection or user recommendation algorithms."
1474380705,"Adaptation and search: from Dexter and AHAM to GAF","Knutov, De Bra & Pechenizkiy",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810675","Evgeny Knutov, Paul De Bra, Mykola Pechenizkiy","Evgeny Knutov","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810675","","false","Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS) have long been concentrating on adaptive guidance of links between domain concepts. Here we show parallels between navigation and linking in adaptive hypermedia on the one hand and information searching or querying on the other hand. We present a transition towards search in AHS by aligning the web search process with the layered structure of AHS and adaptation process."
1474380706,"Brickstreams: physical hypermedia driven customer insight","Ghosh, Jain & Dekhil",1,0,5,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810676","Riddhiman Ghosh, Jhilmil Jain, Mohamed Dekhil","Riddhiman Ghosh","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810676","","false","Brickstreams is a system that employs hypermedia structures in physical spaces, specifically in brick-and-mortar retail environments, to capture insight into customer behavior. By instrumenting and tracking interactions with tagged products in retail stores, and by using demographic and location intelligence, our system is able to bring the benefits of online clickstream analysis to the brick and mortar world. We have implemented a prototype of Brickstreams, realized through REST web services and mobile device clients."
1474380708,"Visual summaries of data: a spatial hypertext approach to user feedback","Wolff, Mulholland & Zdrahal",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810678","Annika L. Wolff, Paul Mulholland, Zdenek Zdrahal","Annika L. Wolff","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810678","","false","In this paper we describe the SILVER toolkit, which is designed for tasks in which a user learns by analysing and interpreting a set of resources. The user categorises each resource according to the set of properties that they identify as being applicable to it. Due to the large amount of data generated by this type of task, the user may find it hard to identify patterns in their classification and tagging, to recognise their own inconsistencies or make comparisons between themselves and others. Principles of spatial hypertext can be used to provide visual summaries of the data that can assist the above activities."
1474380709,"Dealing with the video tidal wave: the relevance of expertise for video tagging","Darvish & Chin",1,0,5,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810679","Sara Darvish, Alvin Chin","Sara Darvish","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810679","","false","The vast amounts of video that need to be tagged preclude the exclusive use of professional indexers. Thus a significant amount of video will need to be tagged by non-experts. Are the tags created by experts demonstrably superior to those of non-experts, and when non-experts have to be used for tagging, is it better to rely on tags created by those who upload videos or on others who watch the videos? Two related studies were carried out, the first where domain experts and others tagged videos, and the second where experts and others rated the relevance of tags that had been assigned to videos in the first study. Expert tags were judged to be more relevant by both experts and non-experts, with non-expert viewers also creating significantly better tags than did owners (i.e., the people who uploaded the videos). While significant differences were observed, the mean overall judged relevance of tags was relatively low, even for experts. Thus there seems to be considerable scope for the use of tag recommendation systems and other tools that can make the tagging process more consistent."
1474380717,"Crossmedia personalized learning contexts","Prata, Guimarães & Chambel",2,0,8,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810687","Alcina Prata, Nuno Guimarães, Teresa Chambel","Alcina Prata","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810687","","false","The trends in convergence, integration and co-existence of various media technologies are creating new opportunities for the globalization of learning practices. The emerging era of lifelong learning is calling for flexible environments. Interactive television (iTV) holds a great potential in this scenario, but there is still limited research in terms of cognitive and interaction aspects. With the aim to link these opportunities, in flexible, adequate and effective learning contexts, a new paradigm to generate crossmedia personalized learning contexts from iTV, based on cognitive and affective aspects, is being studied. This paper presents the results obtained from the use of the e-iTV system, designed to illustrate and explore this paradigm."
1474380718,"Webpage relationships for information retrieval within a structured domain","Tam & Shepherd",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810688","Vincent W.L. Tam, John Shepherd","Vincent W.L. Tam","Poster","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810688","","false","In this paper, we describe a technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval within individual websites. Our proposed approach exploits the link structures within the site and the idea that relevant content maybe spread across several related pages within the site. We present experiments which compare our approach to other web search techniques."
1474380720,"Emberlight: share and publish spatial hypertext to the web","Matias & Cheung",1,2,2,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810691","J. Nathan Matias, Frederick Cheung","J. Nathan Matias","Demo","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810691","","true","Emberlight publishes spatial hypertext to the web, providing basic versioning and collaboration for users of desktop spatial hypertext software. In this demo session, we will seek feedback on the system, consider integration collaborations, talk about new research avenues, and discuss funding ideas."
1474380721,"HVet: a hypervideo environment to support veterinary surgery learning","Tiellet et al.",4,0,17,"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '10","2010","http://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1810617.1810692","André Grahl Pereira, Claudio A.B. Tiellet, Eliseo Berni Reategui, José Valdeni Lima, Teresa Chambel","Claudio A.B. Tiellet","Demo","http://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1810617.1810692","","false","In this demo, we present HVet, a hypervideo environment to support learning of veterinary surgery as an alternative to learning with live animals. By adding structure and interactivity, hypervideo allows to navigate video and to explore other related media to complement it, supporting the creation of a rich and realistic learning environment, with interactive access, construction and communication of knowledge."
1474385993,"Emerging trends in search user interfaces","Hearst",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995970","Marti A. Hearst","Marti A. Hearst","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995970","","false","What does the future hold for search user interfaces? Following on a recently completed book on this topic, this talk identifies some important trends in the use of information technology and suggest how these may affect search in future. This includes is a notable trend towards more “natural” user interfaces, a trend towards social rather than solo usage of information technology, and a trend in technology advancing the integration of massive quantities of user behavior and large-scale knowledge bases. These trends are, or will be, interweaving in various ways, which will have some interesting ramifications for search interfaces, and should suggest promising directions for research.
[no references]"
1474385994,"Implicit association via crowd-sourced coselection","Ashman et al.",0,2,42,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995972","Helen Ashman, Michael Antunovic, Satit Chaprasit, Gavin Smith, Mark Truran","Helen Ashman","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995972","implicit association evaluation, implicit relevance feedback, web search analysis","false","The interaction of vast numbers of search engine users with sets of search results sets is a potential source of significant quantities of resource classification data. In this paper we discuss work which uses coselection data (i.e. multiple click-through events generated by the same user on a single search engine result page) as an indicator of mutual relevance between web resources and a means for the automatic clustering of sense-singular resources. The results indicate that coselection can be used in this way. We ground-truthed unambiguous query clustering, forming a foundation for work on automatic ambiguity detection based on the resulting number of generated clusters. Using the cluster overlap by population principle, the extension of previous work allowed determination of synonyms or lingual translations where overlapping clusters indicated the mutual relevance in coselection and subsequently the irrelevance of the actual label inherited from the user query."
1474385996,"Beyond the usual suspects: context-aware revisitation support","Kawase et al.",2,0,39,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995974","Ricardo Kawase, George Papadakis, Eelco Herder, Wolfgang Nejdl","Ricardo Kawase","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995974","Contextual Support, Revisitation Prediction, Web behavior","false","A considerable amount of our activities on the Web involves revisits to pages or sites. Reasons for revisiting include active monitoring of content, verification of information, regular use of online services, and reoccurring tasks. Browsers support for revisitation is mainly focused on frequently and recently visited pages. In this paper we present a dynamic browser toolbar that provides recommendations beyond these usual suspects, balancing diversity and relevance. The recommendation method used is a combination of ranking and propagation methods. Experimental outcomes show that this algorithm performs significantly better than the baseline method. Further experiments address the question whether it is more appropriate to recommend specific pages or rather (portal pages of) Web sites. We conducted two user studies with a dynamic toolbar that relies on our recommendation algorithm. In this context, the outcomes confirm that users appreciate and use the contextual recommendations provided by the toolbar."
1474385997,"Automatic mining of cognitive metadata using fuzzy inference","Sah & Wade",1,0,21,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995975","Melike Sah, Vincent Wade","Melike Sah","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995975","Automatic metadata extraction, IEEE LOM, cognitive metadata, fuzzy inference, personalization","false","Personalized search and browsing is increasingly vital especially for enterprises to able to reach their customers. Key challenge in supporting personalization is the need for rich metadata such as cognitive metadata about documents. As we consider size of large knowledge bases, manual annotation is not scalable and feasible. On the other hand, automatic mining of cognitive metadata is challenging since it is very difficult to understand underlying intellectual knowledge about documents automatically. To alleviate this problem, we introduce a novel metadata extraction framework, which is based on fuzzy information granulation and fuzzy inference system for automatic cognitive metadata mining. The user evaluation study shows that our approach provides reasonable precision rates for difficulty, interactivity type, and interactivity level on the examined 100 documents. In addition, proposed fuzzy inference system achieves improved results compared to a rule-based reasoner for document difficulty metadata extraction (11% improvement)."
1474386000,"GALE: a highly extensible adaptive hypermedia engine","Smits & De Bra",1,3,16,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995978","David Smits, Paul De Bra","David Smits","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995978","Authoring, adaptation engine, adaptive hypermedia","false","This paper presents GALE, the GRAPPLE Adaptive Learning Environment, which (contrary to what the word suggests) is a truly generic and general purpose adaptive hypermedia engine. Five years have passed since “The Design of AHA!” was published at ACM Hypertext (2006). GALE takes the notion of general-purpose a whole lot further. We solve shortcomings of existing adaptive systems in terms of genericity, extensibility and usability and show how GALE improves on the state of the art in all these aspects. We illustrate different authoring styles for GALE, including the use of template pages, and show how adaptation can be defined in a completely decentralized way by using the open corpus adaptation facility of GALE. GALE has been used in a number of adaptive hypermedia workshops and assignments to test whether authors can actually make use of the extensive functionality that GALE offers. Adaptation has been added to wiki sites, existing material e.g. from w3schools, and of course also to locally authored hypertext. Soon GALE will be used in cross-course adaptation at the TU/e in a pilot project to improve the success rate of university students."
1474386001,"Personalisation in the wild: providing personalisation across semantic, social and open-web resources","Steichen, O'Connor & Wade",3,2,25,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995979","Ben Steichen, Alexander O'Connor, Vincent Wade","Ben Steichen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995979","Adaptive Hypertext Composition, Adaptive Result Presentation, Hypertext Generation, Personalised Search","false","One of the key motivating factors for information providers to use personalization is to maximise the benefit to the user in accessing their content. However, traditionally such systems have focussed on mainly corporate or professionally authored content and have not been able to leverage the benefits of other material already on the web, written about that subject by other authors. Such information includes open-web information as well as user-generated content such as forums, blogs, tags, etc. By providing personalized compositions and presentations across these heterogeneous information sources, a potentially richer user experience can be created, leveraging the mutual benefits of professionally authored content as well as open-web information and active user communities. This paper presents novel techniques and architectures that extend the personalization reserved for corporate or professionally developed content with that of user generated content and pages in the wild. Complementary affordances of Personalized Information Retrieval and Adaptive Hypermedia are leveraged in order to provide Adaptive Retrieval and Composition of Heterogeneous INformation sources for personalized hypertext Generation (ARCHING). The approach enables adaptive selection and navigation according to multiple adaptation dimensions and across a variety of heterogeneous data sources. The architectures have been applied in a real-life personalized customer care scenario and a user study evaluation involving authentic information needs has been conducted. The evidence clearly shows that the system successfully blends a user’s search experience with adaptive selection and navigation techniques and that the user experience is improved in terms of both task assistance and user satisfaction."
1474386003,"Tags vs shelves: from social tagging to social classification","Zubiaga, Körner & Strohmaier",4,0,28,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995981","Arkaitz Zubiaga, Christian Körner, Markus Strohmaier","Arkaitz Zubiaga","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995981","Classification, Folksonomies, Libraries, Tagging","false","Recent research has shown that different tagging motivation and user behavior can effect the overall usefulness of social tagging systems for certain tasks. In this paper, we provide further evidence for this observation by demonstrating that tagging data obtained from certain types of users - so-called Categorizers - outperforms data from other users on a social classification task. We show that segmenting users based on their tagging behavior has significant impact on the performance of automated classification of tagged data by using (i) tagging data from two different social tagging systems, (ii) a Support Vector Machine as a classification mechanism and (iii) existing classification systems such as the Library of Congress Classification System as ground truth. Our results are relevant for scientists studying pragmatics and semantics of social tagging systems as well as for engineers interested in influencing emerging properties of deployed social tagging systems."
1474386004,"Can we talk about spatial hypertext","Bernstein",17,3,41,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995983","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995983","Spatial hypertext, diagrams, graphs, hypertext, knowledge representation, patterns, visualization","true","Spatial hypertexts are difficult to explain and to share because we have so little vocabulary with which to discuss them. From examination of actual spatial hypertexts drawn from a variety of domains and created in a variety of systems, we may identify and name several common patterns."
1474386005,"Many views, many modes, many tools ... one structure: Towards a Non-disruptive Integration of Personal Information","Jones & Anderson",5,1,39,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995984","William Jones, Kenneth M. Anderson","William Jones","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995984","PIM, Personal information management, XML schemas, application integration, open hypermedia, structural computing","false","People yearn for more integration of their information. But tools meant to help often do the opposite-pulling people and their information in different directions. Fragmentation is potentially worsened as personal information moves onto the Web and into a myriad of special-purpose, mobile-enabled applications. How can tool developers innovate “non-disruptively” in ways that do not force people to re-organize or re-locate their information? This paper makes two arguments: 1. An integration of personal information is not likely to happen through some new release of a desktop operating system or via a Web-based “super tool.” 2. Instead, integration is best supported through the development of a standards-based infrastructure that makes provision for the shared manipulation of common structure by any number of tools, each in its own way. To illustrate this approach, the paper describes an XML-based schema, considerations in its design and its current use in three separate tools. The schema in its design and use builds on the lessons learned by the open hypermedia and structural computing communities while moving forward with new techniques that address some of the changes introduced by the evolution of the term “application” to move beyond desktop apps to mobile apps, cloud-based apps and various hybrid architectures."
1474386006,"Hypertext structures for investigative teams","Petersen & Wiil",9,0,35,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995985","Rasmus Rosenqvist Petersen, Uffe Kock Wiil","Rasmus Rosenqvist Petersen","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995985","Acquisition, cooperation, counterterrorism, dissemination, investigative journalism, policing, sense-making, synthesis","true","Investigations such as police investigations, intelligence analysis, and investigative journalism involves a number of complex knowledge management tasks. Investigative teams collect, process, and analyze information related to a specific target to create products that can be disseminated to their customers. This paper presents a novel hypertext-based tool that supports a human-centered, target-centric model for investigative teams. The model divides investigative tasks into five overall processes: acquisition, synthesis, sense-making, dissemination, and cooperation. The developed tool provides more comprehensive support for synthesis and sense-making tasks than existing tools."
1474386007,"An experience using a spatial hypertext Wiki","Solis & Ali",11,1,29,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995986","Carlos Solis, Nour Ali","Carlos Solis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995986","Knowledge Management, ShyWiki, spatial hypertext, wiki","false","Most wikis do not allow users to collaboratively organize relations among wiki pages, nor ways to visualize them because such relations are hard to express using hyperlinks. The Spatial Hypertext Wiki (ShyWiki) is a wiki that uses Spatial Hypertext to represent visual and spatial implicit relations. This paper reports an experience about the use of ShyWiki features and its spatial hypertext model. Four groups, consisting of 3 members each, were asked to use ShyWiki for creating, sharing and brainstorming knowledge during the design and documentation of a software architecture. We present the evaluation of a questionnaire that users answered about their perceived usefulness and easiness of use of the spatial and visual properties of ShyWiki, and several of its features. We have also asked the users if they would find the visual and spatial properties useful in a wiki such as Wikipedia. In addition, we have analyzed the visual and spatial structures used in the wiki pages, and which features have been used."
1474386008,"A generic approach for on-the-fly adding of context-aware features to existing websites","Van Woensel, Casteleyn & De Troyer",2,0,42,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995987","William Van Woensel, Sven Casteleyn, Olga De Troyer","William Van Woensel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995987","Mobile web, client-side adaptation, context-aware, semantic web","false","More and more, mobile devices act as personal information managers and are able to obtain rich contextual information on the user’s environment. Mobile, context-aware web applications can exploit this information to better address the needs of mobile users. Currently, such websites are either developed separately from their associated desktop-oriented version, or both versions are created simultaneously by employing methodologies that support multi-platform context-aware websites, requiring an extensive engineering effort. While these approaches provide a solution for developing new websites, they go past the plethora of existing websites. To address this issue, we present an approach for enhancing existing websites on-the-fly with context-aware features. We first discuss the requirements for such an adaptation process, and identify applicable adaptation methods to realize context-aware features. Next, we explain our generic approach, which is grounded in the use of semantic information extracted from existing websites. Finally, we present a concrete application of our approach that is based on the SCOUT framework for mobile and context-aware application development."
1474386010,"Identifying relevant social media content: leveraging information diversity and user cognition","De Choudhury, Counts & Czerwinski",1,1,29,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995990","Munmun De Choudhury, Scott Counts, Mary Czerwinski","Munmun De Choudhury","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995990","Cognition, Information Seeking, Information Selection, Real-time Search, Social Media, Twitter, User Interfaces","false","As users turn to large scale social media systems like Twitter for topic-based content exploration, they quickly face the issue that there may be hundreds of thousands of items matching any given topic they might query. Given the scale of the potential result sets, how does one identify the ‘best’ or ‘right’ set of items? We explore a solution that aligns characteristics of the information space, including specific content attributes and the information diversity of the results set, with measurements of human information processing, including engagement and recognition memory. Using Twitter as a test bed, we propose a greedy iterative clustering technique for selecting a set of items on a given topic that matches a specified level of diversity.
In a user study, we show that our proposed method yields sets of items that were, on balance, more engaging, better remembered, and rated as more interesting and informative compared to baseline techniques. Additionally, diversity indeed seemed to be important to participants in the study in the consumption of content. However as a rather surprising result, we also observe that content was perceived to be more relevant when it was highly homogeneous or highly heterogeneous. In this light, implications for the selection and evaluation of topic-centric item sets in social media contexts are discussed."
1474386014,"Co-authorship 2.0: patterns of collaboration in Wikipedia","Laniado & Tasso",0,1,37,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995994","David Laniado, Riccardo Tasso","David Laniado","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995994","Wikipedia, collaboration network, online production, social network analysis","false","The study of collaboration patterns in wikis can help shed light on the process of content creation by online communities. To turn a wiki’s revision history into a collaboration network, we propose an algorithm that identifies as authors of a page the users who provided the most of its relevant content, measured in terms of quantity and of acceptance by the community. The scalability of this approach allows us to study the English Wikipedia community as a co-authorship network. We find evidence of the presence of a nucleus of very active contributors, who seem to spread over the whole wiki, and to interact preferentially with inexperienced users. The fundamental role played by this elite is witnessed by the growing centrality of sociometric stars in the network. Isolating the community active around a category, it is possible to study its specific dynamics and most influential authors."
1474386015,"Extracting the mesoscopic structure from heterogeneous systems","Liu & Murata",1,0,34,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995995","Xin Liu, Tsuyoshi Murata","Xin Liu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995995","bipartite network, community detection, social tagging, tripartite hypernetwork","false","Heterogeneous systems in nature are often characterized by the mesoscopic structure known as communities. In this paper, we propose a framework to address the problem of community detection in bipartite networks and tripartite hypernetworks, which are appropriate models for many heterogeneous systems. The most important advantage of our method is that it is competent for detecting both communities of one-to-one correspondence and communities of many-to-many correspondence, while state of the art techniques can only handle the former. We demonstrate this advantage and show other desired properties of our method through extensive experiments in both synthetic and real-world datasets."
1474386018,"Individual behavior and social influence in online social systems","Papagelis, Murdock & van Zwol",2,0,39,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1995998","Manos Papagelis, Vanessa Murdock, Roelof van Zwol","Manos Papagelis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1995998","Behavior, Diffusion, Geotagging, Influence, Social Networks","false","The capacity to collect and analyze the actions of individuals in online social systems at minute-by-minute time granularity offers new perspectives on collective human behavior research. Macroscopic analysis of massive datasets raises interesting observations of patterns in online social processes. But working at a large scale has its own limitations, since it typically doesn’t allow for interpretations on a microscopic level. We examine how different types of individual behavior affect the decisions of friends in a network. We begin with the problem of detecting social influence in a social system. Then we investigate the causality between individual behavior and social influence by observing the diffusion of an innovation among social peers. Are more active users more influential? Are more credible users more influential? Bridging this gap and finding points where the macroscopic and microscopic worlds converge contributes to better interpretations of the mechanisms of spreading of ideas and behaviors in networks and offer design opportunities for online social systems."
1474386020,"A3P: adaptive policy prediction for shared images over popular content sharing sites","Squicciarini et al.",0,2,35,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1996000","Anna Cinzia Squicciarini, Smitha Sundareswaran, Dan Lin, Josh Wede","Anna Cinzia Squicciarini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1996000","Content sharing, Privacy policies","false","More and more people go online today and share their personal images using popular web services like Picasa. While enjoying the convenience brought by advanced technology, people also become aware of the privacy issues of data being shared. Recent studies have highlighted that people expect more tools to allow them to regain control over their privacy. In this work, we propose an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system to help users compose privacy settings for their images. In particular, we examine the role of image content and metadata as possible indicators of users’ privacy preferences. We propose a two-level image classification framework to obtain image categories which may be associated with similar policies. Then, we develop a policy prediction algorithm to automatically generate a policy for each newly uploaded image. Most importantly, the generated policy will follow the trend of the user’s privacy concerns evolved with time. We have conducted an extensive user study and the results demonstrate effectiveness of our system with the prediction accuracy around 90%."
1474386024,"Succinct summaries of narrative events using social networks","de Goede et al.",7,0,26,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1996005","Bart de Goede, Maarten Marx, Arjan Nusselder, Justin van Wees","Bart de Goede","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1996005","XML, smmarization","false","This paper addresses the following research aim: provide a useful but succinct summary of long narrative events involving the interaction of several speakers. The summary should enable users to navigate to specific parts of the event using hyperlinks.
Our solution is based on a representation of the main actors of the event and their interactions as a social network. The solution is applicable to events in which these interactions are more or less formally structured and detectable. This includes theatre and radio plays, recordings of a scientific workshop, proceedings of parliament and meetings notes in general."
1474386025,"The Victorian Web and the Victorian Course Wiki: Comparing the Educational Effectiveness of Identical Assignments in Web 1.0 and Web 2.0","Landow",2,0,13,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1996006","George P. Landow","George P. Landow","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1996006","Hypertext, assignments, connectivity, education, evaluation, expository writing, hypermedia, student-centered discussion, student-led discussion, the Victorian Web, web 2.0, wiki","false","In September 2008, the author delivered a keynote at WikiSym2008, in Porto, Portugal entitled “When a Wiki is not a Wiki: Twenty Years of the Victorian Web” in which he argued that the 45,000 documents that then made up www.victorianweb.org function as a moderated wiki and that, therefore, Web 1.0 can function for educational purposes much as Web 2.0 - and has done so for many years. Challenged to employ an actual wiki, Landow taught the same course with the same weekly student assignments in successive years (2009, 2010), the first using the website, the second a closed, password-protected wiki. After briefly describing the composition, history, and authorship of the Victorian Web, key parts of which have existed in multiple hypermedia environments since their creation in 1988 for the Brown University Intermedia project, it presents the assignment, explains its goals, and then sets forth the results of this experience, listing advantages and disadvantages of using the wiki for instructors, students, and the related website."
1474386026,"New plots for hypertext?: towards poetics of a hypertext node","Pisarski",3,3,29,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1996007","Mariusz Pisarski","Mariusz Pisarski","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1996007","Hypertext, coherence, fiction, kernel, lexia, narrative, node, poetics","false","While the significance of hypertext links for the new ways of telling stories has been widely discussed, there has been not many debates about the very elements that are being connected: hypertext nodes. Apart from few exceptions, poetics of the link overshadows poetics of the node. My goal is to re-focus on a single node, or lexia, by introducing the concept of contextual regulation as the major force that shapes hypertext narrative units. Because many lexias must be capable of occurring in different contexts and at different stages of the unfolding story, several compromises have to be made on the level of language, style, plot and discourse. Each node, depending on its position and importance, has a varying level of connectivity and autonomy, which affects the global coherence of text.
After focusing on relations between the notion of lexia (as a coherent and flexible unit) and the notion of kernel in narrative theory, an explanation of rules behind contextual regulation is presented, along with the basic typology of nodes. Then an attempt to enhance existing plot pools for hypertext fiction is undertaken. Several suggestions for the new plots, offered by the node-centered approach, are introduced."
1474386027,"Vladimir Nabokov's pale fire: the lost 'father of all hypertext demos'?","Rowberry",3,0,38,"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '11","2011","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1995966.1996008","Simon Rowberry","Simon Rowberry","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1995966.1996008","Hypertext, Intertextuality, Literature, Narrative, Networks, Structure, Ted Nelson, Vladimir Nabokov","false","In the mid-sixties, Ted Nelson worked at Brown University on an early hypertext system. In 1969, IBM wanted to show the system at a conference, and Nelson gained permission to use Vladimir Nabokov’s highly unconventional and hypertextual novel, Pale Fire (1962) as a technical demonstration of hypertext’s potential. Unfortunately, the idea was dismissed in favor of a more technical-looking presentation, and thus was never demonstrated publicly. This paper re-considers Pale Fire’s position in hypertext history, and posits that if it was used in this early hypertext demonstration, it would have been the ‘father of all hypertext demonstrations’ to complement Douglas Engelbart’s ‘Mother of All Demos’ in 1968. In order to demonstrate the significance of Pale Fire’s hypertextuality and Nelson’s ambitions to use it, this paper will explore its hypertextual structure, the implication thereof for the novel and evaluate its success as a hypertext compared to electronic systems."
1474388357,"Slicepedia: providing customized reuse of open-web resources for adaptive hypermedia","Levacher, Lawless & Wade",2,1,13,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310002","Killian Levacher, Séamus Lawless, Vincent Wade","Killian Levacher","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310002","Customized Hypertext Content Generation, Open Corpus Content Processing, User Experience","false","A key advantage of Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS) is their ability to re-sequence and reintegrate content to satisfy particular user needs. However, this can require large volumes of content, with appropriate granularities and suitable meta-data descriptions. This represents a major impediment to the mainstream adoption of Adaptive Hypermedia. Open Adaptive Hypermedia systems have addressed this challenge by leveraging open corpus content available on the World Wide Web. However, the full reuse potential of such content is yet to be leveraged. Open corpus content is today still mainly available as only one-size-fits-all document-level information objects. Automatically customizing and right-fitting open corpus content with the aim of improving its amenability to reuse would enable AHS to more effectively utilise these resources.
This paper presents a novel architecture and service called Slicepedia, which processes open corpus resources for reuse within AHS. The aim of this service is to improve the reuse of open corpus content by right-fitting it to the specific content requirements of individual systems. Complementary techniques from Information Retrieval, Content Fragmentation, Information Extraction and Semantic Web are leveraged to convert the original resources into information objects called slices. The service has been applied in an authentic language elearning scenario to validate the quality of the slicing and reuse. A user trial, involving language learners, was also conducted. The evidence clearly shows that the reuse of open corpus content in AHS is improved by this approach, with minimal decrease in the quality of the original content harvested."
1474388361,"Navigational efficiency of broad vs. narrow folksonomies","Helic et al.",2,2,33,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310008","Denis Helic, Christian Körner, Michael Granitzer, Markus Strohmaier, Christoph Trattner","Denis Helic","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310008","Algorithms, Experimentation, Measurement","false","Although many social tagging systems share a common tripartite graph structure, the collaborative processes that are generating these structures can differ significantly. For example, while resources on Delicious are usually tagged by all users who bookmark the web page cnn.com, photos on Flickr are usually tagged just by a single user who uploads the photo. In the literature, this distinction has been described as a distinction between broad vs. narrow folksonomies. This paper sets out to explore navigational differences between broad and narrow folksonomies in social hypertextual systems. We study both kinds of folksonomies on a dataset provided by Mendeley - a collaborative platform where users can annotate and organize scientific articles with tags. Our experiments suggest that broad folksonomies are more useful for navigation, and that the collaborative processes that are generating folksonomies matter qualitatively. Our findings are relevant for system designers and engineers aiming to improve the navigability of social tagging systems."
1474388362,"Measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in tagging systems","Dellschaft & Staab",1,1,19,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310009","Klaas Dellschaft, Steffen Staab","Klaas Dellschaft","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310009","Collaborative Tagging, Indexing Quality, Tag Recommenders","false","In this paper, we investigate a methodology for measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in collaborative tagging systems. We propose to use the inter-resource consistency as an indicator of indexing quality. The inter-resource consistency measures the degree to which the tag vectors of indexed resources reflect how the users understand the resources. We use this methodology for evaluating how tag recommendations coming from (1) the popular tags at a resource or from (2) the user’s own vocabulary influence the indexing quality. We show that recommending popular tags decreases the indexing quality and that recommending the user’s own vocabulary increases the indexing quality."
1474388364,"Storyspace: a story-driven approach for creating museum narratives","Wolff, Mulholland & Collins",3,2,31,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310012","Annika Wolff, Paul Mulholland, Trevor Collins","Annika Wolff","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310012","Narrative, events, heritage objects, hypertext, museum, plot, story","false","In a curated exhibition of a museum or art gallery, a selection of heritage objects and associated information is presented to a visitor for the purpose of telling a story about them. The same underlying story can be presented in a number of different ways. This paper describes techniques for creating multiple alternative narrative structures from a single underlying story, by selecting different organising principles for the events and plot structures of the story. These authorial decisions can produce different dramatic effects. Storyspace is a web interface to an ontology for describing curatorial narratives. We describe how the narrative component of the Storyspace software can produce multiple narratives from the underlying stories and plots of curated exhibitions. Based on the curator’s choice, the narrative module suggests a coherent ordering for the events of a story and its associated heritage objects. Narratives constructed through Storyspace can be tailored to suit different audiences and can be presented in different forms, such as physical exhibitions, museum tours, leaflets and catalogues, or as online experiences."
1474388365,"Story/story","Kolb",1,0,26,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310013","David A. Kolb","David A. Kolb","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310013","Complex pages, Hypertext, Levels, Links, Metafiction, Metanarrative, Metastory, Narrative, Story","false","This paper starts with an introductory essay stating the issues and discussing the notion of metafiction. Then it continues in an online hypertext narrative demonstration of the interweaving of story and meta-story. The hypertext attempts to show in action how seemingly unified narratives and narrative voices are surrounded and influenced by other voices and meta-stories. No narrative is un-mediated and no narrative voice is alone. The hypertext concludes with some musings on the complexities of narrative reading and writing, also with counterpoint voices. Throughout, the text comments on issues about the reading and writing of hypertext narratives."
1474388366,"The paradox of rereading in hypertext fiction","Mitchell & McGee",4,0,33,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310014","Alex Mitchell, Kevin McGee","Alex Mitchell","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310014","empirical studies, hypertext fiction, interactive stories, reader response, rereading","false","Rereading often involves reading the same thing again to see something new. This paradox becomes more pronounced in an interactive story, where a reader’s choices can literally change what the reader sees in each reading. There has been some discussion of rereading in both non-interactive and interactive stories. There has not, however, been any detailed study of what readers think they are doing as they reread hypertext fiction that changes dynamically as the result of reader choice. An understanding of this would help authors/designers of hypertext fiction create better hypertext that is explicitly intended to encourage rereading.
To explore this issue, we conducted semi-structured interviews with participants who repeatedly read a complex hypertext fiction. Participants had trouble describing what they were doing as “rereading”, and were looking for either the text, or their understanding of the story, to remain constant between readings. This difficulty highlights the paradoxical nature of rereading in interactive stories, and suggests the need for further research into this phenomenon."
1474388367,"Evaluating tag-based information access in image collections","Trattner et al.",2,0,39,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310016","Christoph Trattner, Yi-ling Lin, Denis Parra, William Real, Zhen Yue, Peter Brusilovsky","Christoph Trattner","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310016","Tag Navigation, Tag-Based Search Interfaces, Tagging Systems","false","The availability of social tags has greatly enhanced access to information. Tag clouds have emerged as a new “social” way to find and visualize information, providing both one-click access to information and a snapshot of the “aboutness” of a tagged collection. A range of research projects explored and compared different tag artifacts for information access ranging from regular tag clouds to tag hierarchies. At the same time, there is a lack of user studies that compare the effectiveness of different types of tag-based browsing interfaces from the users point of view. This paper contributes to the research on tag-based information access by presenting a controlled user study that compared three types of tag-based interfaces on two recognized types of search tasks—lookup and exploratory search. Our results demonstrate that tag-based browsing interfaces significantly outperform traditional search interfaces in both performance and user satisfaction. At the same time, the differences between the two types of tag-based browsing interfaces explored in our study are not as clear."
1474388369,"Graph and matrix metrics to analyze ergodic literature for children","Kontopoulou et al.",3,0,36,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310018","Eugenia-Maria Kontopoulou, Maria Predari, Thymios Kostakis, Efstratios Gallopoulos","Eugenia-Maria Kontopoulou","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310018","Algorithms, Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement","false","What can graph and matrix based mathematical models tell us about ergodic literature? A digraph of storylets connected by links and the corresponding adjacency matrix encoding is used to formulate some queries regarding hypertexts of this type. It is reasoned that the Google random surfer provides a useful model for the behavior of the reader of such fiction. This motivates the use of graph and Web based metrics for ranking storylets and some other tasks. A dataset, termed childif, based on printed books from three series popular with children and young adults and its characteristics are described. Two link-based metrics, SMrank and versions of PageRank, are described and applied on childif to rank storylets. It is shown that several characteristics of these stories can be expressed as and computed with matrix operations. An interpretation of the ranking results is provided. Results on some acyclic digraphs indicate that the rankings convey useful information regarding plot development. In conclusion, using matrix and graph theoretic techniques one can extract useful information from this type of ergodic literature that would be harder to obtain by simply reading it or by examining the underlying digraph."
1474388375,"Exploring (the poetics of) strange (and fractal) hypertexts","Hargood et al.",5,3,14,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310027","Charlie Hargood, Rosamund Davies, David E. Millard, Matt R. Taylor, Samuel Brooker","Charlie Hargood","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310027","Fractal Narratives, Hypertext Poetics, Strange Hypertext","false","The ACM Hypertext conference has a rich history of challenging the node-link hegemony of the web. At Hypertext 2011 Pisarski [12] suggested that to refocus on nodes in hypertext might unlock a new poetics, and at Hypertext 2001 Bernstein [3] lamented the lack of strange hypertexts: playful tools that experiment with hypertext structure and form. As part of the emerging Strange Hypertexts community project we have been exploring a number of exotic hypertext tools, and in this paper we set out an early experiment with media and creative writing undergraduates to see what effect one particular form—Fractal Narratives, a hypertext where readers drill down into text in a reoccurring pattern—would have on their writing. In this particular trial, we found that most students did not engage in the structure from a storytelling point of view, although they did find value from a planning point of view. Participants conceptually saw the value in non-linear storytelling but few exploited the fractal structure to actually do this. Participant feedback leads us to conclude that while new poetics do emerge from strange hypertexts, this should be viewed as an ongoing process that can be reinforced and encouraged by designing tools that highlight and support those emerging poetics in a series of feedback loops, and by providing writing contexts where they can be highlighted and collaboratively explored."
1474388377,"Evaluation of a domain-aware approach to user model interoperability","Walsh, O'Connor & Wade",1,0,31,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310030","Eddie Walsh, Alexander O'Connor, Vincent Wade","Eddie Walsh","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310030","Integration, Personalization, User Modeling, eLearning","false","It is becoming increasingly important to facilitate the integrated management of user information. Exchanging user information across heterogeneous systems has many benefits, particularly in enhancing the quality and quantity of user information available for personalization. One common approach to user model interoperability is the use of mapping tools to manually build rich executable mappings between user models. A key problem with existing approaches is that the mapping tools are often too generic for these specialized tasks and do not provide any support to an administrator mapping in a specific domain such as user models. This paper presents a novel approach to user model interoperability which lowers the complexity and provides support to administrators in completing user model mappings. The domain-aware approach to user model interoperability incorporates interchangeable domain knowledge directly into the integration tools. This approach was implemented in a system called FUMES which is a mapping creation and execution environment that includes two domain-aware mechanisms; a canonical user model and user model mapping types. FUMES was deployed in an integration of existing user models and the domain-aware approach was then evaluated in a user study. The evaluation consisted of a direct comparison with a generic approach to user model interoperability which was applied using the commercial mapping tool, Altova Mapforce. The results of this evaluation demonstrate improvements in mapping accuracy and usability when using the domain-aware approach compared to the generic mapping approach."
1474388379,"Detecting overlapping communities in folksonomies","Chakraborty, Ghosh & Ganguly",1,0,15,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310032","Abhijnan Chakraborty, Saptarshi Ghosh, Niloy Ganguly","Abhijnan Chakraborty","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310032","Folksonomy, link clustering, overlapping community, tripartite hypergraph","false","Folksonomies like Delicious and LastFm are modeled as tripartite (user-resource-tag) hypergraphs for studying their network properties. Detecting communities of similar nodes from such networks is a challenging problem. Most existing algorithms for community detection in folksonomies assign unique communities to nodes, whereas in reality, users have multiple topical interests and the same resource is often tagged with semantically different tags. The few attempts to detect overlapping communities work on projections of the hypergraph, which results in significant loss of information contained in the original tripartite structure. We propose the first algorithm to detect overlapping communities in folksonomies using the complete hypergraph structure. Our algorithm converts a hypergraph into its corresponding line-graph, using measures of hyperedge similarity, whereby any community detection algorithm on unipartite graphs can be used to produce overlapping communities in the folksonomy. Through extensive experiments on synthetic as well as real folksonomy data, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can detect better community structures as compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms for folksonomies."
1474388381,"Understanding and leveraging tag-based relations in on-line social networks","Lipczak, Sigurbjornsson & Jaimes",2,1,23,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310035","Marek Lipczak, Borkur Sigurbjornsson, Alejandro Jaimes","Marek Lipczak","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310035","explicit social networks, implicit social networks, social tagging, user modeling, user similarity","false","In most social networks, measuring similarity between users is crucial for providing new functionalities, understanding the dynamics of such networks, and growing them (e.g., people you may know recommendations depend on similarity, as does link prediction). In this paper, we study a large sample of Flickr user actions and compare tags across different explicit and implicit network relations. In particular, we compare tag similarities in explicit networks (based on contact, friend, and family links), and implicit networks (created by actions such as comments and selecting favorite photos). We perform an in-depth analysis of these five types of links specifically focusing on tagging, and compare different tag similarity metrics. Our motivation is that understanding the differences in such networks, as well as how different similarity metrics perform, can be useful in similarity-based recommendation applications (e.g., collaborative filtering), and in traditional social network analysis problems (e.g., link prediction). We specifically show that different types of relationships require different similarity metrics. Our findings could lead to the construction of better user models, among others."
1474388382,"Using the overlapping community structure of a network of tags to improve text clustering","Cravino, Devezas & Figueira",1,0,16,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310036","Nuno Cravino, José Devezas, Álvaro Figueira","Nuno Cravino","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310036","Text clustering, network of co-occurrence of tags, news clips, overlapping community structure, user-defined tags","false","Breadcrumbs is a folksonomy of news clips, where users can aggregate fragments of text taken from online news. Besides the textual content, each news clip contains a set of metadata fields associated with it. User-defined tags are one of the most important of those information fields. Based on a small data set of news clips, we build a network of co-occurrence of tags in news clips, and use it to improve text clustering. We do this by defining a weighted cosine similarity proximity measure that takes into account both the clip vectors and the tag vectors. The tag weight is computed using the related tags that are present in the discovered community. We then use the resulting vectors together with the new distance metric, which allows us to identify socially biased document clusters. Our study indicates that using the structural features of the network of tags leads to a positive impact in the clustering process."
1474388383,"Anatomy of a conference","Macek et al.",0,1,20,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310038","Bjoern-Elmar Macek, Christoph Scholz, Martin Atzmueller, Gerd Stumme","Bjoern-Elmar Macek","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310038","conference, contact network, proximity, rfid, social network analysis","false","This paper presents an anatomy of Hypertext 2011— focusing on the dynamic and static behavior of the participants. We consider data collected by the CONFERATOR system at the conference, and provide statistics concerning participants, presenters, session chairs, different communities, and according roles. Additionally, we perform an in-depth analysis of these actors during the conference concerning their communication and track visiting behavior."
1474388388,"Finding and exploring memes in social media","Ryu, Lease & Woodward",4,1,26,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310044","Hohyon Ryu, Matthew Lease, Nicholas Woodward","Hohyon Ryu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310044","MapReduce, automatic hypertext, critical literacy, memes","false","Online critical literacy challenges readers to recognize and question how online textual information has been shaped by its greater context. While comparing information from multiple sources provides a foundation for such awareness, keeping pace with everything being written is a daunting proposition, especially for the casual reader. We propose a new form of technological assistance for critical literacy which automatically discovers and displays underlying memes: ideas represented by similar phrases which occur across different information sources. By surfacing these memes to users, we create a rich hypertext representation in which underlying memes can be explored in context. Given the vast scale of social media, we describe a highly-scalable system architecture designed for MapReduce distributed computing. To validate our approach, we report on use of our system to discover and browse memes in a 1.5 TB collection of crawled social media. Our primary contributions include: 1) a novel technological approach and hypertext browsing design for supporting critical literacy; and 2) a highly-scalable system architecture for meme discovery, providing a solid foundation for further system extensions and refinements."
1474388393,"Adaptive spatial hypermedia in computational journalism","Francisco-Revilla & Figueira",2,1,5,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310050","Luis Francisco-Revilla, Alvaro Figueira","Luis Francisco-Revilla","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310050","","true","Computational journalism allows journalists to collect large collections of information chunks from separate sources. The analysis of these collections can reveal hidden relationships between of relationships, but due to their size, diversity, and varying nuances it is necessary to use both computational and human analysis. Breadcrumbs PDL is an adaptive spatial hypermedia system that brings together human cognition and machine computation in order to analyze a collection of user-generated news clips. The project demonstrates the effectiveness of spatial hypermedia in the domain of computational journalism."
1474388396,"Towards real-time summarization of scheduled events from twitter streams","Zubiaga et al.",0,1,4,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310053","Arkaitz Zubiaga, Damiano Spina, Enrique Amigó, Julio Gonzalo","Arkaitz Zubiaga","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310053","","false","We deal with shrinking the stream of tweets for scheduled events in real-time, following two steps: (i) sub-event detection, which determines if something new has occurred, and (ii) tweet selection, which picks a tweet to describe each sub-event. By comparing summaries in three languages to live reports by journalists, we show that simple text analysis methods which do not involve external knowledge lead to summaries that cover 84% of the sub-events on average, and 100% of key types of sub-events (such as goals in soccer)."
1474388398,"A gender based study of tagging behavior in twitter","Cunha et al.",0,2,2,"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '12","2012","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2309996.2310055","Evandro Cunha, Gabriel Magno, Virgilio Almeida, Marcos André Gonçalves, Fabricio Benevenuto","Evandro Cunha","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2309996.2310055","","false","Gender plays a key role in the process of language variation. Men and women use language in different ways, according to the expected behavior patterns associated with their status in the communities. In this paper, we present a first description of gender distinctions in the usage of Twitter hashtags. After analyzing data collected from more than 650,000 tagged tweets concerning three different subjects, we concluded that gender can be considered a social factor that influences the user’s choice of particular hashtags about a given topic. This study aims to increase knowledge about human behavior in free tagging environments and may be useful to the development of tag recommendation systems based on users’ collective preferences."
1474393229,"A question of complexity: measuring the maturity of online enquiry communities","Burel & He",0,1,17,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481493","Grégoire Burel, Yulan He","Grégoire Burel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481493","Community Maturity, Question Answering, Question Complexity, Social Semantic Web","false","Online enquiry communities such as Question Answering (Q&A) websites allow people to seek answers to all kind of questions. With the growing popularity of such platforms, it is important for community managers to constantly monitor the performance of their communities. Although different metrics have been proposed for tracking the evolution of such communities, maturity, the process in which communities become more topic proficient over time, has been largely ignored despite its potential to help in identifying robust communities. In this paper, we interpret community maturity as the proportion of complex questions in a community at a given time. We use the Server Fault (SF) community, a Question Answering (Q&A) community of system administrators, as our case study and perform analysis on question complexity, the level of expertise required to answer a question. We show that question complexity depends on both the length of involvement and the level of contributions of the users who post questions within their community. We extract features relating to askers, answerers, questions and answers, and analyse which features are strongly correlated with question complexity. Although our findings highlight the difficulty of automatically identifying question complexity, we found that complexity is more influenced by both the topical focus and the length of community involvement of askers. Following the identification of question complexity, we define a measure of maturity and analyse the evolution of different topical communities. Our results show that different topical communities show different maturity patterns. Some communities show a high maturity at the beginning while others exhibit slow maturity rate."
1474393230,"Where's @wally?: a classification approach to geolocating users based on their social ties","Rout et al.",0,3,14,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481494","Dominic Rout, Kalina Bontcheva, Daniel Preoţiuc-Pietro, Trevor Cohn","Dominic Rout","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481494","Geolocation, Social networks, Support Vector Machines, Twitter, classification","false","This paper presents an approach to geolocating users of online social networks, based solely on their ‘friendship’ connections. We observe that users interact more regularly with those closer to themselves and hypothesise that, in many cases, a person’s social network is sufficient to reveal their location.
The geolocation problem is formulated as a classification task, where the most likely city for a user without an explicit location is chosen amongst the known locations of their social ties. Our method uses an SVM classifier and a number of features that reflect different aspects and characteristics of Twitter user networks.
The SVM classifier is trained and evaluated on a dataset of Twitter users with known locations. Our method outperforms a state-of-the-art method for geolocating users based on their social ties."
1474393231,"Microblog-genre noise and impact on semantic annotation accuracy","Derczynski et al.",0,1,44,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481495","Leon Derczynski, Diana Maynard, Niraj Aswani, Kalina Bontcheva","Leon Derczynski","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481495","en-tity recognition, entity disambiguation, microblog, semantic annotation, text normalisation, twitter","false","Using semantic technologies for mining and intelligent information access to microblogs is a challenging, emerging research area. Unlike carefully authored news text and other longer content, tweets pose a number of new challenges, due to their short, noisy, context-dependent, and dynamic nature. Semantic annotation of tweets is typically performed in a pipeline, comprising successive stages of language identification, tokenisation, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition and entity disambiguation (e.g. with respect to DBpedia). Consequently, errors are cumulative, and earlier-stage problems can severely reduce the performance of final stages. This paper presents a characterisation of genre-specific problems at each semantic annotation stage and the impact on subsequent stages. Critically, we evaluate impact on two high-level semantic annotation tasks: named entity detection and disambiguation. Our results demonstrate the importance of making approaches specific to the genre, and indicate a diminishing returns effect that reduces the effectiveness of complex text normalisation."
1474393232,"Composite interests' exploration thanks to on-the-fly linked data spreading activation","Marie et al.",0,2,29,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481496","Nicolas Marie, Olivier Corby, Fabien Gandon, Myriam Ribière","Nicolas Marie","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481496","DBpedia, Semantic web, composite interest query, discovery engine, exploratory search system, linked data, semantic spreading activation, spreading activation","false","Exploratory search systems are built specifically to help the user in his cognitive consuming search tasks like learning or topic investigation. Some of these systems are built on the top of linked data and use semantics to provide cognitively-optimized search experiences. Thanks to their richness and to their connected nature linked data datasets can serve as a ground for advanced exploratory search. We propose to address the case of mixed interests’ exploration in the form of composite queries (several unitary interests combined) e.g. exploring results and make discoveries related to both The Beatles and Ken Loach.. The main contribution of this paper is the proposition of a novel method that processes linked-data for exploratory search purpose. It makes use of a semantic spreading activation algorithm coupled with a sampling technique. Its particularity is to not require any results preprocessing. Consequently this method offers a high level of flexibility for querying and allows, among others, the expression of composite interests’ queries on remote linked data sources. This paper also details the analysis of the algorithm behavior over DBpedia and describes an implementation: the Discovery Hub application. It is an exploratory search engine that notably supports composite queries. Finally the results of a user evaluation are presented."
1474393235,"Challenging information foraging theory: screen reader users are not always driven by information scent","Vigo & Harper",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481499","Markel Vigo, Simon Harper","Markel Vigo","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481499","Information foraging theory, Web, accessibility, blind users, coping tactics, information scent, low vision, navigation models, screen readers","false","Little is known about the navigation tactics employed by screen reader users when they face problematic situations on the Web. Understanding how these tactics are operationalised and knowing the situations that bring about such tactics paves the way towards modeling navigation behaviour. Modeling the navigation of users is of utmost importance as it allows not only to predict interactive behaviour, but also to assess the appropriateness of the content in a link, the information architecture of a site and the design of a web page. Current navigation models do not consider the extreme adaptations, namely coping tactics, that screen reader users undergo on the Web. Consequently, their prediction power is lessened and coping tactics are mistakenly considered outlying behaviours. We draw from existing navigation models for sighted users to suggest the incorporation of emerging behaviours in navigation models for screen reader users. To do so, we identify the navigation coping tactics screen reader users exhibit on the Web, including deliberately clicking on low scented links, escaping from useless or inaccessible content and backtracking to a shelter. Our findings suggest that, especially in problematic situations, navigation is not driven by information scent or utility, but by the need of increasing autonomy and the need of escaping from the current web patch."
1474393237,"Storyscope: using theme and setting to guide story enrichment from external data sources","Wolff, Mulholland & Collins",1,1,19,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481501","Annika Wolff, Paul Mulholland, Trevor Collins","Annika Wolff","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481501","clustering, narrative, plot, rdf, setting, story-building, theme","false","Museum narratives, like other forms of narrative, are developed from an underlying conceptualization of events that can be referred to as the story. Storyscope is a web-based environment for constructing and exploring museum narratives and their underlying concepts. Storyscope aligns with a formal model of story and narrative specialized for a museum context called the curate ontology. This paper will explore the plot-reasoning component of Storyscope that provides intelligent support for the selection of events within the story and their interconnection as a coherent structure to be told within the narrative. Plot reasoning uses both internal knowledge and external information sources, such as Freebase and Factforge, to propose events that can be used to incrementally develop storylines and to emplot a museum narrative. The approach taken uses the notions of setting and theme to search and rank events in terms of their relevance to the developing storyline. This paces the expansion of the story in each step, ensures that the story develops in a direction that is of interest to the author and helps to maintain narrative cohesion, an important goal of story-building. Plot development is also supported by methods for clustering events into related plot elements and by using information from Freebase to propose different types of influence relations between story events."
1474393238,"Models of human navigation in information networks based on decentralized search","Helic et al.",0,4,22,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481502","Denis Helic, Markus Strohmaier, Michael Granitzer, Reinhold Scherer","Denis Helic","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481502","Decentralized search, Exploitation, Exploration, Navigation","false","Models of human navigation play an important role for understanding and facilitating user behavior in hypertext systems. In this paper, we conduct a series of principled experiments with decentralized search - an established model of human navigation in social networks - and study its applicability to information networks. We apply several variations of decentralized search to model human navigation in information networks and we evaluate the outcome in a series of experiments. In these experiments, we study the validity of decentralized search by comparing it with human navigational paths from an actual information network - Wikipedia. We find that (i) navigation in social networks appears to differ from human navigation in information networks in interesting ways and (ii) in order to apply decentralized search to information networks, stochastic adaptations are required. Our work illuminates a way towards using decentralized search as a valid model for human navigation in information networks in future work. Our results are relevant for scientists who are interested in modeling human behavior in information networks and for engineers who are interested in using models and simulations of human behavior to improve on structural or user interface aspects of hypertextual systems."
1474393240,"Canyons, deltas and plains: towards a unified sculptural model of location-based hypertext","Millard et al.",10,9,33,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481504","David E. Millard, Charlie Hargood, Michael O. Jewell, Mark J. Weal","David E. Millard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481504","Location Based Hypertext, Mobile Narrative, Narrative Systems","false","With the growing ubiquity of mobile devices, new ways of sensing context and the emergence of the mobile Web, digital storytelling is escaping the confines of the desktop and intertwinging in new and interesting ways with the physical world. Mobile, location aware, narrative systems are being applied to a range of areas including tour guides, educational tools and interactive fiction. Despite this there is little understanding of how these applications are related or how they link with existing hypertext models and theory.
We argue that location aware narrative systems tend to follow three patterns (canyons, deltas and plains) and that it is possible to represent all of these patterns in a conceptual sculptural hypertext model. Our model builds on a general sculptural mechansim (of pre-conditions and behaviours) to include locality and narrative transitions as first class elements, opening the possibility of standardised viewers, formats, and hybrid stories. We show how existing structures can be mapped onto this conceptual sculptural model, and how narratives defined in the model can take advantage of open data sources and sensed contextual data. To demonstrate this we present the GeoYarn system, a prototype which implements the model to create interactive, location aware narratives, using all three patterns."
1474393241,"A sentiment-enhanced personalized location recommendation system","Yang et al.",0,1,33,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481505","Dingqi Yang, Daqing Zhang, Zhiyong Yu, Zhu Wang","Dingqi Yang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481505","Location Based Social Networks, Matrix Factorization, Recommendation System, Sentiment Analysis","false","Although online recommendation systems such as recommendation of movies or music have been systematically studied in the past decade, location recommendation in Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs) is not well investigated yet. In LBSNs, users can check in and leave tips commenting on a venue. These two heterogeneous data sources both describe users’ preference of venues. However, in current research work, only users’ check-in behavior is considered in users’ location preference model, users’ tips on venues are seldom investigated yet. Moreover, while existing work mainly considers social influence in recommendation, we argue that considering venue similarity can further improve the recommendation performance. In this research, we ameliorate location recommendation by enhancing not only the user location preference model but also recommendation algorithm. First, we propose a hybrid user location preference model by combining the preference extracted from check-ins and text-based tips which are processed using sentiment analysis techniques. Second, we develop a location based social matrix factorization algorithm that takes both user social influence and venue similarity influence into account in location recommendation. Using two datasets extracted from the location based social networks Foursquare, experiment results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid preference model can better characterize user preference by maintaining the preference consistency, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods."
1474393242,"Generating contextualized sentiment lexica based on latent topics and user ratings","Krestel & Siersdorfer",0,1,46,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481506","Ralf Krestel, Stefan Siersdorfer","Ralf Krestel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481506","Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Rating Prediction, Sentiment Analysis, Sentiment Lexica, Topic Models","false","Sentiment lexica are useful for analyzing opinions in Web collections, for domain-dependent sentiment classification, and as sub-components of recommender systems. In this paper, we present a strategy for automatically generating topic-dependent lexica from large corpora of review articles by exploiting accompanying user ratings. Our approach combines text segmentation, discriminative feature analysis techniques, and latent topic extraction to infer the polarity of n-grams in a topical context. Our experiments on rating prediction demonstrate a substantial performance improvement in comparison with existing state-of-the-art sentiment lexica."
1474393250,"Adaptive hypertext narrative as city planning","Kolb",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481514","David Kolb","David Kolb","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481514","Design, Experimentation, Human Factors","false","This essay explores an analogy that might offer new ideas for the construction of adaptive hypertext narrative systems. The analogy is not with the production of a literary work but with city planning, in particular Christopher Alexander’s iterative model for gradual change. In this model, there is no overall plan for the city; instead there are multiple local interventions guided by local insufficiencies and a library of spatial patterns. Applied to narrative hypertext this model would stress multiple local additions to a growing landscape of nodes and links. The results should provide more kinds of novelty and surprise than with conventional authoring software, but would have to deal with problems of narrative unity and closure."
1474393251,"TouchStory: combining hyperfiction and multitouch","Atzenbeck et al.",11,2,57,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481515","Claus Atzenbeck, Mark Bernstein, Marwa Ali Al-Shafey, Stacey Mason","Claus Atzenbeck","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481515","Design, Human Factors","true","As multitouch phones and tablets become more popular, multitouch technologies receive increasing attention. The underlying interaction paradigm of such devices is the space on which objects are manipulated by the user’s fingertips. It is natural that hypertext narratives find their way from primarily mouse-driven interaction to spatial structures and visually rich presentations. In this article we propose three features for multitouch hypertext narrative applications: (i) Native multitouch support and direct manipulations of fictive objects; (ii) using the space as a structuring mechanism rather than a means for presentation; and (iii) supporting presentation of visually rich objects. Our prototype, TouchStory, is a novel tool specialized for authoring and reading hypertext narratives that integrates these features."
1474393252,"Engagement-based user attention distribution on web article pages","Rokhlenko et al.",1,0,25,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481516","Oleg Rokhlenko, Nadav Golbandi, Ronny Lempel, Limor Leibovich","Oleg Rokhlenko","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481516","Ads Positioning, User Attention","false","The main monetization vehicle of many Web media sites are display ads located on article pages. Those ads are typically displayed either as banners on top of the page, or on the page’s side bar. Advertiser ROI depends on the quality of ad targeting, as well as on how noticeable those ads are to users reading the article. Focusing on the latter issue, previous work has studied which ad positions are, on aggregate, more noticed by users.
This work takes the first step toward the personalized positioning of ads on article pages. We demonstrate a correlation between the level of attention that users devote to a story, and the position of the most noticeable graphic element on the side bar. In particular, we find that the graphic element most noticed by a user is roughly to the side of the point in the article where the user’s attention waned. We argue that this finding lays the foundation for increasing display advertising effectiveness by tailoring ad positions on each article page impression to the user viewing it."
1474393253,"Discovering semantic associations from web search interactions","Antunovic et al.",1,1,11,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481517","Michael Antunovic, Glyn Caon, Mark Truran, Helen Ashman","Michael Antunovic","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481517","Semantic association, clickthrough, coselection, query analysis","false","Semantic associations take many forms, sometimes being explicit as in visible links and at other times being implicit, not visible but nevertheless clear to the human reader. Some implicit semantic associations might be calculable as the result of a computation but in some cases it is difficult for a computation to capture the purpose of a semantic association, for example, the semantic similarities embodied by synonyms and similar word/phrase likenesses are not easily specified in a general rule. It is possible however to capture semantic associations made by human searchers. Searchers interact with search results by clicking on one or more resources in a set of results, and this interaction takes two forms: the first being an implicit indication of the relevance of the search term to the chosen resource, and the second being an implicit indication of the mutual relevance of any two or more resources selected from the same search. Both have been proposed as a similarity measure for clustering of resources. In this paper we implement, evaluate and compare three methods for semantic association discovery, mined from Web search logs. The first method is based purely on query analysis, the second is single click-based, and the third is coselection-based. The methods are compared for their effectiveness at detecting semantic similarities."
1474393260,"Guided exploration and integration of urban data","Lopez et al.",0,2,21,"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '13","2013","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2481492.2481524","Vanessa Lopez, Spyros Kotoulas, Marco Luca Sbodio, Raymond Lloyd","Vanessa Lopez","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2481492.2481524","","false","Governments and enterprises are interested in the return-on-investment for exposing their data. This brings forth the problem of making data consumable, with minimal effort. Beyond search techniques, there is a need for effective methods to identify heterogeneous datasets that are closely related, as part of data integration or exploration tasks. The large number of datasets demands a new generation of Smarter Systems for data content aggregation that allows users to incrementally liberate, access and integrate information, in a manner that scales in terms of gain for the effort spent. In the context of such a pay-as-you go system, we are presenting a novel method for exploring and discovering relevant datasets based on semantic relatedness. We are demonstrating a system for contextual knowledge mining on hundreds of real-world datasets from Dublin City. We evaluate our semantic approach, using query logs and domain expert judgments, to show that our approach effectively identifies related datasets and outperforms text-based recommendations."
1474394326,"Scalable learning of users' preferences using networked data","Abbasi, Tang & Liu",1,0,37,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631796","Mohammad Ali Abbasi, Jiliang Tang, Huan Liu","Mohammad Ali Abbasi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631796","Homophily, Preference Prediction, Relational Learning, Social Media Mining","false","Users’ personal information such as their political views is important for many applications such as targeted advertisements or real-time monitoring of political opinions. Huge amounts of data generated by social media users present opportunities and challenges to study these preferences in a large scale. In this paper, we aim to infer social media users’ political views when only network information is available. In particular, given personal preferences about some of the social media users, how can we infer the preferences of unobserved individuals in the same network? There are many existing solutions that address the problem of classification with networked data problem. However, networks in social media normally involve millions and even hundreds of millions of nodes, which make the scalability an important problem in inferring personal preferences in social media. To address the scalability issue, we use social influence theory to construct new features based on a combination of local and global structures of the network. Then we use these features to train classifiers and predict users’ preferences. Due to the size of real-world social networks, using the entire network information is inefficient and not practical in many cases. By extracting local social dimensions, we present an efficient and scalable solution. Further, by capturing the network’s global pattern, the proposed solution, balances the performance requirement between accuracy and efficiency."
1474394328,"Online popularity and topical interests through the lens of instagram","Ferrara, Interdonato & Tagarelli",0,2,50,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631808","Emilio Ferrara, Roberto Interdonato, Andrea Tagarelli","Emilio Ferrara","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631808","","false","Online socio-technical systems can be studied as proxy of the real world to investigate human behavior and social interactions at scale. Here we focus on Instagram, a media-sharing online platform whose popularity has been rising up to gathering hundred millions users. Instagram exhibits a mixture of features including social structure, social tagging and media sharing. The network of social interactions among users models various dynamics including follower/followee relations and users’ communication by means of posts/comments. Users can upload and tag media such as photos and pictures, and they can “like” and comment each piece of information on the platform. In this work we investigate three major aspects on our Instagram dataset: (i) the structural characteristics of its network of heterogeneous interactions, to unveil the emergence of self organization and topically-induced community structure; (ii) the dynamics of content production and consumption, to understand how global trends and popular users emerge; (iii) the behavior of users labeling media with tags, to determine how they devote their attention and to explore the variety of their topical interests.
Our analysis provides clues to understand human behavior dynamics on socio-technical systems, specifically users and content popularity, the mechanisms of users’ interactions in online environments and how collective trends emerge from individuals’ topical interests."
1474394334,"Reader preferences and behavior on Wikipedia","Lehmann et al.",0,1,33,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631805","Janette Lehmann, Claudia Müller-Birn, David Laniado, Mounia Lalmas, Andreas Kaltenbrunner","Janette Lehmann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631805","Human Factors, Measurement","false","Wikipedia is a collaboratively-edited online encyclopaedia that relies on thousands of editors to both contribute articles and maintain their quality. Over the last years, research has extensively investigated this group of users while another group of Wikipedia users, the readers, their preferences and their behavior have not been much studied. This paper makes this group and its %their activities visible and valuable to Wikipedia’s editor community. We carried out a study on two datasets covering a 13-months period to obtain insights on users preferences and reading behavior in Wikipedia. We show that the most read articles do not necessarily correspond to those frequently edited, suggesting some degree of non-alignment between user reading preferences and author editing preferences. We also identified that popular and often edited articles are read according to four main patterns, and that how an article is read may change over time. We illustrate how this information can provide valuable insights to Wikipedia’s editor community."
1474394336,"The shortest path to happiness: recommending beautiful, quiet, and happy routes in the city","Quercia, Schifanella & Aiello",1,1,36,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631799","Daniele Quercia, Rossano Schifanella, Luca Maria Aiello","Daniele Quercia","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631799","Design, Human Factors, Measurement","false","When providing directions to a place, web and mobile mapping services are all able to suggest the shortest route. The goal of this work is to automatically suggest routes that are not only short but also emotionally pleasant. To quantify the extent to which urban locations are pleasant, we use data from a crowd-sourcing platform that shows two street scenes in London (out of hundreds), and a user votes on which one looks more beautiful, quiet, and happy. We consider votes from more than 3.3K individuals and translate them into quantitative measures of location perceptions. We arrange those locations into a graph upon which we learn pleasant routes. Based on a quantitative validation, we find that, compared to the shortest routes, the recommended ones add just a few extra walking minutes and are indeed perceived to be more beautiful, quiet, and happy. To test the generality of our approach, we consider Flickr metadata of more than 3.7M pictures in London and 1.3M in Boston, compute proxies for the crowdsourced beauty dimension (the one for which we have collected the most votes), and evaluate those proxies with 30 participants in London and 54 in Boston. These participants have not only rated our recommendations but have also carefully motivated their choices, providing insights for future work."
1474394337,"Comparing the pulses of categorical hot events in Twitter and Weibo","Shuai et al.",0,1,25,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631810","Xin Shuai, Xiaozhong Liu, Tian Xia, Yuqing Wu, Chun Guo","Xin Shuai","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631810","Click Log Mining, Community Comparison, Information Diffusion, Information Retrieval, Social Media, Twitter, Weibo, Wikipedia","false","The fragility and interconnectivity of the planet argue compellingly for a greater understanding of how different communities make sense of their world. One of such critical demands relies on comparing the Chinese and the rest of the world (e.g., Americans), where communities’ ideological and cultural backgrounds can be significantly different. While traditional studies aim to learn the similarities and differences between these communities via high-cost user studies, in this paper we propose a much more efficient method to compare different communities by utilizing social media. Specifically, Weibo and Twitter, the two largest microblogging systems, are employed to represent the target communities, i.e. China and the Western world (mainly United States), respectively. Meanwhile, through the analysis of the Wikipedia page-click log, we identify a set of categorical ‘hot events’ for one month in 2012 and search those hot events in Weibo and Twitter corpora along with timestamps via information retrieval methods. We further quantitatively and qualitatively compare users’ responses to those events in Twitter and Weibo in terms of three aspects: popularity, temporal dynamic, and information diffusion. The comparative results show that although the popularity ranking of those events are very similar, the patterns of temporal dynamics and information diffusion can be quite different."
1474394338,"Analyzing images' privacy for the modern web","Squicciarini, Caragea & Balakavi",1,1,51,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631803","Anna C. Squicciarini, Cornelia Caragea, Rahul Balakavi","Anna C. Squicciarini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631803","","false","Images are now one of the most common form of content shared in online user-contributed sites and social Web 2.0 applications. In this paper, we present an extensive study exploring privacy and sharing needs of users’ uploaded images. We develop learning models to estimate adequate privacy settings for newly uploaded images, based on carefully selected image-specific features. We focus on a set of visual-content features and on tags. We identify the smallest set of features, that by themselves or combined together with others, can perform well in properly predicting the degree of sensitivity of users’ images. We consider both the case of binary privacy settings (i.e. public, private), as well as the case of more complex privacy options, characterized by multiple sharing options. Our results show that with few carefully selected features, one may achieve extremely high accuracy, especially when high-quality tags are available."
1474394342,"Asking the right question in collaborative q&a systems","Yang et al.",0,1,25,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631809","Jie Yang, Claudia Hauff, Alessandro Bozzon, Geert-Jan Houben","Jie Yang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631809","Classification, Collaborative Question Answering, Stack Overflow","false","Collaborative Question Answering (cQA) platforms are a very popular repository of crowd-generated knowledge. By formulating questions, users express needs that other members of the cQA community try to collaboratively satisfy. Poorly formulated questions are less likely to receive useful responses, thus hindering the overall knowledge generation process. Users are often asked to reformulate their needs, adding specific details, providing examples, or simply clarifying the context of their requests. Formulating a good question is a task that might require several interactions between the asker and other community members, thus delaying the actual answering and, possibly, decreasing the interest of the community in the issue. This paper contributes new insights to the study of cQA platforms by investigating the editing behaviour of users. We identify a number of editing actions, and provide a two-step approach for the automatic suggestion of the most likely editing actions to be performed for a newly created question. We evaluated our approach in the context of the Stack Overflow cQA , demonstrating how, for given types of editing actions, it is possible to provide accurate reformulation suggestions."
1474394343,"Empirical analysis of implicit brand networks on social media","Zhang, Bhattacharyya & Ram",0,1,33,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631806","Kunpeng Zhang, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Sudha Ram","Kunpeng Zhang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631806","MapReduce, Network analysis, marketing intelligence, sentiment identification, social media","false","This paper investigates characteristics of implicit brand networks extracted from a large dataset of user historical activities on a social media platform. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to comprehensively examine brands by incorporating user-generated social content and information about user interactions. This paper makes several important contributions. We build and normalize a weighted, undirected network representing interactions among users and brands. We then explore the structure of this network using modified network measures to understand its characteristics and implications. As a part of this exploration, we address three important research questions: (1) What is the structure of a brand-brand network? (2) Does an influential brand have a large number of fans? (3) Does an influential brand receive more positive or more negative comments from social users? Experiments conducted with Facebook data show that the influence of a brand has (a) high positive correlation with the size of a brand, meaning that an influential brand can attract more fans, and, (b) low negative correlation with the sentiment of comments made by users on that brand, which means that negative comments have a more powerful ability to generate awareness of a brand than positive comments. To process the large-scale datasets and networks, we implement MapReduce-based algorithms."
1474394344,"Am I More Similar to My Followers or Followees?: Analyzing Homophily Effect in Directed Social Networks","Abbasi et al.",0,1,18,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631828","Mohammad Ali Abbasi, Reza Zafarani, Jiliang Tang, Huan Liu","Mohammad Ali Abbasi","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631828","Homophily, Preference Prediction, Relational Learning, Social Media Mining","false","Homophily is the formation of social ties between two individuals due to similar characteristics or interests. Based on homophily, in a social network it is expected to observe a higher degree of homogeneity among connected than disconnected people. Many researchers use this simple yet effective principal to infer users’ missing information and interests based on the information provided by their neighbors. In a directed social network, the neighbors can be further divided into followers and followees. In this work, we investigate the homophily effect in a directed network. To explore the homophily effect in a directed network, we study if a user’s personal preferences can be inferred from those of users connected to her (followers or followees). We investigate which of followers or followees are more effective in helping to infer users’ personal preferences. Our findings can help to raise the awareness of users over their privacy and can help them better manage their privacy."
1474394347,"A taxonomy of microtasks on the web","Gadiraju, Kawase & Dietze",0,3,8,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631819","Ujwal Gadiraju, Ricardo Kawase, Stefan Dietze","Ujwal Gadiraju","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631819","Affinity, Crowdsourcing, Effort, Incentive, Microtasks, Taxonomy","false","Nowadays, a substantial number of people are turning to crowdsourcing, in order to solve tasks that require human intervention. Despite a considerable amount of research done in the field of crowdsourcing, existing works fall short when it comes to classifying typically crowdsourced tasks. Understanding the dynamics of the tasks that are crowdsourced and the behaviour of workers, plays a vital role in efficient task-design. In this paper, we propose a two-level categorization scheme for tasks, based on an extensive study of 1000 workers on CrowdFlower. In addition, we present insights into certain aspects of crowd behaviour; the task affinity of workers, effort exerted by workers to complete tasks of various types, and their satisfaction with the monetary incentives."
1474394348,"The AMAS authoring tool 2.0: a UX evaluation","Gaffney, Conlan & Wade",5,3,43,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631827","Conor Gaffney, Owen Conlan, Vincent Wade","Conor Gaffney","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631827","AMAS, Adaptive hypermedia, authoring tools","false","Adaptive hypermedia has been well documented as being very beneficial in the domain of online education. Authoring adaptive educational hypermedia is however a complex and difficult task. There have been a number of tools developed to address the issue of authoring so as to ease the cognitive load involved in composition. This paper examines two key areas related authoring tool design: hypertext representation and User Experience (UX) design. Both of these are important factors that should be considered when designing hypertext authoring tools. The paper also presents the AMAS Authoring Tool. A new and unique authoring tool that allows non-technical Subject Matter Experts to compose adaptive activity based courses without the needing to write any code or technical languages."
1474394349,"Balancing diversity to counter-measure geographical centralization in microblogging platforms","Graells-Garrido & Lalmas",2,0,25,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631823","Eduardo Graells-Garrido, Mounia Lalmas","Eduardo Graells-Garrido","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631823","Geolocation, Information Diversity, Information Filtering","false","We study whether geographical centralization is reflected in the virtual population of microblogging platforms. A consequence of centralization is the decreased visibility and findability of content from less central locations. We propose to counteract geographical centralization in microblogging timelines by promoting geographical diversity through: 1) a characterization of imbalance in location interaction centralization over a graph of geographical interactions from user generated content; 2) geolocation of microposts using imbalance-aware content features in text classifiers, and evaluation of those classifiers according to their diversity and accuracy; 3) definition of a two-step information filtering algorithm to ensure diversity in summary timelines of events. We study our proposal through an analysis of a dataset of Twitter in Chile, in the context of the 2012 municipal political elections."
1474394351,"Sociolinguistic analysis of Twitter in multilingual societies","Kim et al.",0,1,34,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631824","Suin Kim, Ingmar Weber, Li Wei, Alice Oh","Suin Kim","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631824","Multilingualism, Social Media, Sociolinguistics, Topic Modeling","false","In a multilingual society, language not only reflects culture and heritage, but also has implications for social status and the degree of integration in society. Different languages can be a barrier between monolingual communities, and the dynamics of language choice could explain the prosperity or demise of local languages in an international setting. We study this interplay of language and network structure in diverse, multi-lingual societies, using Twitter. In our analysis, we are particularly interested in the role of bilinguals. Concretely, we attempt to quantify the degree to which users are the “bridge-builders” between monolingual language groups, while monolingual users cluster together. Also, with the revalidation of English as a lingua franca on Twitter, we reveal users of the native non-English language have higher influence than English users, and the language convergence pattern is consistent across the regions. Furthermore, we explore for which topics these users prefer their native language rather than English. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest sociolinguistic study in a network setting."
1474394352,"Co-following on twitter","Garimella & Weber",0,1,26,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631820","Venkata Rama Kiran Garimella, Ingmar Weber","Venkata Rama Kiran Garimella","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631820","","false","We present an in-depth study of co-following on Twitter based on the observation that two Twitter users whose followers have similar friends are also similar, even though they might not share any direct links or a single mutual follower. We show how this observation contributes to (i) a better understanding of language-agnostic user classification on Twitter, (ii) eliciting opportunities for Computational Social Science, and (iii) improving online marketing by identifying cross-selling opportunities. We start with a machine learning problem of predicting a user’s preference among two alternative choices of Twitter friends. We show that co-following information provides strong signals for diverse classification tasks and that these signals persist even when the most discriminative features are removed. Going beyond mere classification performance optimization, we present applications of our methodology to Computational Social Science. Here we confirm stereotypes such as that the country singer Kenny Chesney (@kennychesney) is more popular among @GOP followers, whereas Lady Gaga (@ladygaga) enjoys more support from @TheDemocrats followers.
In the domain of marketing we give evidence that celebrity endorsement is reflected in co-following and we demonstrate how our methodology can be used to reveal the audience similarities between not so obvious entites such as Apple and Puma."
1474394353,"A behavior analytics approach to identifying tweets from crisis regions","Kumar, Hu & Liu",1,0,22,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631814","Shamanth Kumar, Xia Hu, Huan Liu","Shamanth Kumar","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631814","crisis tweets, situational awareness, user behavior in tweets","false","The growing popularity of Twitter as an information medium has allowed unprecedented access to first-hand information during crises and mass emergency situations. Due to the sheer volume of information generated during a disaster, a key challenge is to filter tweets from the crisis region so their analysis can be prioritized. In this paper, we introduce the task of identifying whether a tweet is generated from crisis regions and formulate it as a decision problem. This problem is challenging due to the fact that only ~1% of all tweets have location information. Existing approaches tackle this problem by predicting the location of the user using historical tweets from users or their social network. As collecting historical information is not practical during emergency situations, we investigate whether it is possible to determine that a tweet originates from the crisis region through the information in the tweet and the publishing user’s profile."
1474394354,"Finding mr and mrs entity in the city of knowledge","Garcia et al.",1,0,30,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631817","Vanessa Lopez Garcia, Martin Stephenson, Spyros Kotoulas, Pierpaolo Tommasi","Vanessa Lopez Garcia","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631817","","false","More and more urban data is published every day, and consequently, consumers want to take advantage of this body of knowledge. Unfortunately, metadata and schema information around this content is sparse. To effectively fulfill user information needs, systems must be able to capture user intent and context in order to evolve beyond current search and exploration techniques. A Linked Data approach is uniquely positioned to surface information and provide interoperability across a diversity of information sources, from consumer data residing in the original enterprise systems, to relevant open city data in tabular form. We present a prototype for contextual knowledge mining that enables federated access and querying of entities across hundreds of enterprise and open datasets pertaining to cities. The proposed system is able to (1) lift raw tabular data into a connected and meaningful structure, contextualized within the Web of Data, and (2) support novel search and exploration tasks, by identifying closely related entities across datasets and models. Our user experiments and prototype show how semantics, used to consolidate city information and reuse assets from the Web of Data, improve dataset search and provide users effective means to explore related entities and content to fit their information needs."
1474394357,"On the predictability of talk attendance at academic conferences","Scholz et al.",1,0,27,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631816","Christoph Scholz, Jens Illig, Martin Atzmueller, Gerd Stumme","Christoph Scholz","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631816","","false","This paper focuses on the prediction of real-world talk attendances at academic conferences with respect to different influence factors. We study and discuss the predictability of talk attendances using real-world face-to-face contact data and user interests extracted from the users’ previous publications. For our experiments, we apply RFID-tracked talk attendance information captured at the ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia 2011. We find that contact and similarity networks achieve comparable results, and that combining these networks helps to a limited extent to improve the prediction quality."
1474394363,"Spatial hypertext modeling for dynamic contents authoring system based on transclusion","Choi, An & Lim",3,0,5,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631780","Ja-Ryoung Choi, Sungeun An, Soon-Bum Lim","Ja-Ryoung Choi","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631780","","true","This paper proposed a web content collecting model to reuse a variety of web contents based on Transclusion. Transclusion is a model for collecting existing web contents and including them into a new document. However, Transclusion lacks consideration of copyright issues and dynamic changes. Therefore, we classified Transclusions into three different types based on copyright restrictions: Trans-quotation, Trans-reference and Trans-annotation. Then we represented Transclusions in each different type of spatial hypertext model. Also, we designed RVS(ReVerse Syndication) model in order to trace the dynamic changes."
1474394364,"TagRec: towards a standardized tag recommender benchmarking framework","Kowald, Lacic & Trattner",0,1,11,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631781","Dominik Kowald, Emanuel Lacic, Christoph Trattner","Dominik Kowald","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631781","","false","In this paper, we introduce TagRec, a standardized tag recommender benchmarking framework implemented in Java. The purpose of TagRec is to provide researchers with a framework that supports all steps of the development process of a new tag recommendation algorithm in a reproducible way, including methods for data pre-processing, data modeling, data analysis and recommender evaluation against state-of-the-art baseline approaches. We show the performance of the algorithms implemented in TagRec in terms of prediction quality and runtime using an evaluation of a real-world folksonomy dataset. Furthermore, TagRec contains two novel tag recommendation approaches based on models derived from human cognition and human memory theories.
[Awarded best poster]"
1474394367,"A DSL based on CSS for hypertext adaptation","García et al.",3,0,19,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631782","Alejandro Montes García, Paul De Bra, George H.L. Fletcher, Mykola Pechenizkiy","Alejandro Montes García","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631782","","false","Personalization offered by Adaptive Hypermedia and Recommender Systems is effective for tackling the information overload problem. However, the development of Adaptive Web-Based Systems is cumbersome. In order to ease the development of such systems, we propose a language based on CSS to express personalization in web systems that captures current adaptation techniques."
1474394368,"Fake tweet buster: a webtool to identify users promoting fake news ontwitter","Saez-Trumper",0,1,8,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631786","Diego Saez-Trumper","Diego Saez-Trumper","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631786","","false","We present the “Fake Tweet Buster” (FTB), a web application that identifies tweets with fake images and users that are consistently uploading and/or promoting fake information on Twitter. To do that we mix three techniques: (i) reverse image searching, (ii) user analysis and (iii) a crowd sourcing approach to detected that kind of malicious users on Twitter. Using that information we provide a credibility classification for the tweet and the user."
1474394371,"Why you follow: a classification scheme for twitter follow links","Tanaka,Takemura & Tajima",0,1,20,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631790","Atsushi Tanaka, Hikaru Takemura, Keishi Tajima","Atsushi Tanaka","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631790","","false","Twitter is used for various purposes, such as, information publishing/gathering, open discussions, and personal communications. As a result, there are various types of follow links. In this paper, we propose a scheme for classifying follow links according to the followers’ intention. The scheme consists of three axes: user-orientation, content-orientation, and mutuality. The combination of these three axes can classify most major types of follow links. Our experimental results suggest that the type of a follow link does not solely depend on the type of the followee nor solely on the type of the follower. The results also suggest that the proposed three axes are highly independent of one another."
1474394372,"Buon appetito: recommending personalized menus","Trevisiol, Chiarandini & Baeza-Yates",0,2,10,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631784","Michele Trevisiol, Luca Chiarandini, Ricardo Baeza-Yates","Michele Trevisiol","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631784","","false","This paper deals with the problem of menu recommendation, namely recommending menus that a person is likely to consume at a particular restaurant. We mine restaurant reviews to extract food words, we use sentiment analysis applied to each sentence in order to compute the individual food preferences. Then we extract frequent combination of dishes using a variation of the Apriori algorithm. Finally, we propose several recommender systems to provide suggestions of food items or entire menus, i.e. sets of dishes."
1474394373,"AIRCacher: virtual geocaching powered with augmented reality","Tursi, Deplano & Ruffo",0,1,7,"Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '14","2014","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2631775.2631778","Gianluca Tursi, Martina Deplano, Giancarlo Ruffo","Gianluca Tursi","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2631775.2631778","","false","Nowadays, smartphones and digital networks are being heavily used as data sources for research on social networks. Our daily experiences, interactions and transactions are recorded thanks to the digital traces that users leave behind their activities, both individual and social. In this work, we describe AiRCacher, a mobile app for virtual geocaching enhanced with Augmented Reality. By following gamification and Game With A Purpose design approaches, the aim is to bring people outside and make them move, by hiding and seeking virtual caches. As a side effect of their gaming activity, they became like social sensors able to provide geo-located social data. Therefore, the aim of our work is to carry out data analyses about users’ outdoor behaviors, by looking for several findings such as trending places for different cache’s typologies, and the detection of interesting events emerging from the concentration of caches in specific places."
1474397895,"Small-Scale Incident Detection based on Microposts","Schulz, Schmidt & Strufe",0,1,27,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791038","Axel Schulz, Benedikt Schmidt, Thorsten Strufe","Axel Schulz","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791038","Event Detection, Microblogs","false","Detecting large-scale incidents based on microposts has successfully been proposed and shown. However, the detection of small-scale incidents was not satisfyingly possible so far, though the information that is shared during such local events could improve the situational awareness of both citizens and decision makers alike.
In this paper, we propose an approach for small-scale incident detection based on spatial-temporal-type clustering. In contrast to existing work, (1) we employ three distinct properties that define an incident, (2) we use a hybrid approach to reduce the computational overhead, and (3) we extract generalized features to increase robustness towards previously unseen data. Our evaluation in the domain of emergency first response shows that our approach identifies 32.14% of all real world incidents recorded for the city of Seattle just using on tweets. This result greatly outperforms the state of the art, which only detects about 6% of the real-world incidents. Also, a precision of 77% shows that we efficiently discard irrelevant information."
1474397898,"Breaking Bad: Understanding Behavior of Crowd Workers in Categorization Microtasks","Gadiraju et al.",1,0,12,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791053","Ujwal Gadiraju, Patrick Siehndel, Besnik Fetahu, Ricardo Kawase","Ujwal Gadiraju","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791053","Behavior, Categorization, Crowdsourcing, Incentives, Microtasks, Task Length, Workers","false","Crowdsourcing systems are being widely used to overcome several challenges that require human intervention. While there is an increase in the adoption of the crowdsourcing paradigm as a solution, there are no established guidelines or tangible recommendations for task design with respect to key parameters such as task length, monetary incentive and time required for task completion. In this paper, we propose the tuning of these parameters based on our findings from extensive experiments and analysis of categorization tasks. We delve into the behavior of workers that consume categorization tasks to determine measures that can make task design more effective."
1474397901,"The Role of Structural Information for Designing Navigational User Interfaces","Dimitrov et al.",2,1,32,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791025","Dimitar Dimitrov, Philipp Singer, Denis Helic, Markus Strohmaier","Dimitar Dimitrov","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791025","Decentralized Search, Navigation, Networks, Structure, User Interfaces","false","Today, a variety of user interfaces exists for navigating information spaces, including, for example, tag clouds, breadcrumbs, subcategories and others. However, such navigational user interfaces are only useful to the extent that they expose the underlying topology—or network structure—of the information space. Yet, little is known about which topological clues should be integrated in navigational user interfaces. In detail, the aim of this paper is to identify what kind of and how much topological information needs to be included in user interfaces to facilitate efficient navigation. We model navigation as a variation of a decentralized search process with partial information and study its sensitivity to the quality and amount of the structural information used for navigation. We experiment with two strategies for node selection (quality of structural information provided to the user) and different amount of information (amount of structural information provided to the user). Our experiments on four datasets from different domains show that efficient navigation depends on the kind of structural information utilized. Additionally, node properties differ in their quality for augmenting navigation and intelligent pre-selection of which nodes to present in the interface to the user can improve navigational efficiency. This suggests that only a limited amount of high quality structural information needs to be exposed through the navigational user interface."
1474397902,"Wisdom of the Crowd or Wisdom of a Few?: An Analysis of Users' Content Generation","Baeza-Yates & Saez-Trumper",0,1,22,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791056","Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Diego Saez-Trumper","Ricardo Baeza-Yates","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791056","Social networks, user generated content, wisdom of crowds","false","In this paper we analyze how user generated content (UGC) is created, challenging the well known it wisdom of crowds concept. Although it is known that user activity in most settings follow a power law, that is, few people do a lot, while most do nothing, there are few studies that characterize well this activity. In our analysis of datasets from two different social networks, Facebook and Twitter, we find that a small percentage of active users and much less of all users represent 50% of the UGC. We also analyze the dynamic behavior of the generation of this content to find that the set of most active users is quite stable in time. Moreover, we study the social graph, finding that those active users area a highly connected among them. This implies that most of the wisdom comes from a few users challenging the independence assumption needed to have a wisdom of crowds. We also address the content that is never seen by any people (the digital desert), which challenges the assumption that the content of every person should be taken in account in the collective decision. At the end this is not surprising, as the Web is a reflection of our own society, where economical or political power also is in the hands of minorities"
1474397908,"An Interactive Method for Inferring Demographic Attributes in Twitter","Beretta et al.",0,2,27,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791031","Valentina Beretta, Daniele Maccagnola, Timothy Cribbin, Enza Messina","Valentina Beretta","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791031","","false","Twitter data offers an unprecedented opportunity to study demographic differences in public opinion across a virtually unlimited range of subjects. Whilst demographic attributes are often implied within user data, they are not always easily identified using computational methods. In this paper, we present a semi-automatic solution that combines automatic classification methods with a user interface designed to enable rapid resolution of ambiguous cases. TweetClass employs a two-step, interactive process to support the determination of gender and age attributes. At each step, the user is presented with feedback on the confidence levels of the automated analysis and can choose to refine ambiguous cases by examining key profile and content data. We describe how a user-centered design approach was used to optimise the interface and present the results of an evaluation which suggests that TweetClass can be used to rapidly boost demographic sample sizes in situations where high accuracy is required."
1474397910,"Media Bias in German Online Newspapers","Dallmann et al.",0,2,17,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791057","Alexander Dallmann, Florian Lemmerich, Daniel Zoller, Andreas Hotho","Alexander Dallmann","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791057","computational social science, media analysis","false","Online newspapers have been established as a crucial information source, at least partially replacing traditional media like television or print media. As all other media, online newspapers are potentially affected by media bias. This describes non-neutral reporting of journalists and other news producers, e.g. with respect to specific opinions or political parties. Analysis of media bias has a long tradition in political science. However, traditional techniques rely heavily on manual annotation and are thus often limited to the analysis of small sets of articles. In this paper, we investigate a dataset that covers all political and economical news from four leading German online newspapers over a timespan of four years. In order to analyze this large document set and compare the political orientation of different newspapers, we propose a variety of automatically computable measures that can indicate media bias. As a result, statistically significant differences in the reporting about specific parties can be detected between the analyzed online newspapers."
1474397913,"Language, Twitter and Academic Conferences","Gavilanes et al.",1,0,13,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791059","Ruth Olimpia G. Gavilanes, Diego Gomez, Denis Parra Santander, Christoph Trattner, Andreas Kaltenbrunner, Eduardo Graells","Ruth Olimpia G. Gavilanes","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791059","Twitter, academic conferences, culture, language","false","Using Twitter during academic conferences is a way of engaging and connecting an audience inherently multicultural by the nature of scientific collaboration. English is expected to be the lingua franca bridging the communication and integration between native speakers of different mother tongues. However, little research has been done to support this assumption. In this paper we analyzed how integrated language communities are by analyzing the scholars’ tweets used in 26 Computer Science conferences over a time span of five years. We found that although English is the most popular language used to tweet during conferences, a significant proportion of people also tweet in other languages. In addition, people who tweet solely in English interact mostly within the same group (English monolinguals), while people who speak other languages interact more with different lingua groups. Finally, we also found higher interaction between people tweeting in different languages. These results suggest a relation between the number of languages a user speaks and their interaction dynamics in online communities."
1474397914,"First Women, Second Sex: Gender Bias in Wikipedia","Graells-Garrido, Lalmas & Menczer",1,1,58,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791036","Eduardo Graells-Garrido, Mounia Lalmas, Filippo Menczer","Eduardo Graells-Garrido","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791036","Computational Linguistics, Gender, Gender Bias, Wikipedia","false","Contributing to the writing of history has never been as easy as it is today. Anyone with access to the Web is able to play a part on Wikipedia, an open and free encyclopedia, and arguably one of the primary sources of knowledge on the Web. In this paper, we study gender bias in Wikipedia in terms of how women and men are characterized in their biographies. To do so, we analyze biographical content in three aspects: meta-data, language, and network structure. Our results show that, indeed, there are differences in characterization and structure. Some of these differences are reflected from the off-line world documented by Wikipedia, but other differences can be attributed to gender bias in Wikipedia content. We contextualize these differences in social theory and discuss their implications for Wikipedia policy."
1474397916,"Mining Affective Context in Short Films for Emotion-Aware Recommendation","Orellana-Rodriguez, Diaz-Aviles & Nejdl",3,0,38,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791042","Claudia Orellana-Rodriguez, Ernesto Diaz-Aviles, Wolfgang Nejdl","Claudia Orellana-Rodriguez","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791042","Computational Social Science, Sentiment Analysis, Social Media Analytics, YouTube","false","Emotion is fundamental to human experience and impacts our daily activities and decision-making processes where, e.g., the affective state of a user influences whether or not she decides to consume a recommended item - movie, book, product or service. However, information retrieval and recommendation tasks have largely ignored emotion as a source of user context, in part because emotion is difficult to measure and easy to misunderstand. In this paper we explore the role of emotions in short films and propose an approach that automatically extracts affective context from user comments associated to short films available in YouTube, as an alternative to explicit human annotations. We go beyond the traditional polarity detection (i.e., positive/negative), and extract for each film four opposing pairs of primary emotions: joy-sadness, anger-fear, trust-disgust, and anticipation-surprise. Finally, in our empirical evaluation, we show how the affective context extracted automatically can be leveraged for emotion-aware film recommendation."
1474397918,"Predicting Answering Behaviour in Online Question Answering Communities","Burel et al.",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791041","Grégoire Burel, Paul Mulholland, Yulan He, Harith Alani","Grégoire Burel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791041","online communities, social Q&A platforms, social media, user behaviour","false","The value of Question Answering (Q&A) communities is dependent on members of the community finding the questions they are most willing and able to answer. This can be difficult in communities with a high volume of questions. Much previous has work attempted to address this problem by recommending questions similar to those already answered. However, this approach disregards the question selection behaviour of the answers and how it is affected by factors such as question recency and reputation. In this paper, we identify the parameters that correlate with such a behaviour by analysing the users’ answering patterns in a Q&A community. We then generate a model to predict which question a user is most likely to answer next. We train Learning to Rank (LTR) models to predict question selections using various user, question and thread feature sets. We show that answering behaviour can be predicted with a high level of success, and highlight the particular features that influence users’ question selections."
1474397921,"Pairwise Preferences Elicitation and Exploitation for Conversational Collaborative Filtering","Blédaité & Ricci",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791049","Laura Blédaité, Francesco Ricci","Laura Blédaité","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791049","Pairwise preferences, collaborative filtering, recommender systems","false","The research and development of recommender systems is dominated by models of user’s preferences learned from ratings for items. However, ratings have several disadvantages, which we discuss, and in order to address these issues we analyse another way to articulate preferences, i.e., as pairwise comparisons: item A is preferred to item B. We have developed a recommendation technology that, combining ratings and pairwise preferences, can generate better recommendations than a state of the art solution uniquely based on ratings."
1474397923,"Other Times, Other Values: Leveraging Attribute History to Link User Profiles across Online Social Networks","Jain, Kumaraguru & Joshi",1,0,29,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791040","Paridhi Jain, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, Anupam Joshi","Paridhi Jain","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791040","","false","Profile linking is the ability to connect profiles of a user on different social networks. Linked profiles can help companies like Disney to build psychographics of potential customers and segment them for targeted marketing in a cost-effective way. Existing methods link profiles by observing high similarity between most recent (current) values of the attributes like name and username. However, for a section of users observed to evolve their attributes over time and choose dissimilar values across their profiles, these current values have low similarity. Existing methods then falsely conclude that profiles refer to different users. To reduce such false conclusions, we suggest to gather rich history of values assigned to an attribute over time and compare attribute histories to link user profiles across networks. We believe that attribute history highlights user preferences for creating attribute values on a social network. Co-existence of these preferences across profiles on different social networks result in alike attribute histories that suggests profiles potentially refer to a single user. Through a focused study on username, we quantify the importance of username history for profile linking on a dataset of real-world users with profiles on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Tumblr. We show that username history correctly links 44% more profile pairs with non-matching current values that are incorrectly unlinked by existing methods. We further explore if factors such as longevity and availability of username history on either profiles affect linking performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores viability of using an attribute history to link profiles on social networks."
1474397924,"Only One Out of Five Archived Web Pages Existed as Presented","Ainsworth, Nelson & Van de Sompel",0,1,36,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791044","Scott G. Ainsworth, Michael L. Nelson, Herbert Van de Sompel","Scott G. Ainsworth","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791044","Digital Preservation, HTTP, Memento, RFC 7089, Resource Versioning, Temporal Coherence, Web Architecture, Web Archiving","false","When a user retrieves a page from a web archive, the page is marked with the acquisition datetime of the root resource, which effectively asserts “this is how the page looked at a that datetime.” However, embedded resources, such as images, are often archived at different datetimes than the main page. The presentation appears temporally coherent, but is composed from resources acquired over a wide range of datetimes. We examine the completeness and temporal coherence of composite archived resources (composite mementos) under two selection heuristics. The completeness and temporal coherence achieved using a single archive was compared to the results achieved using multiple archives. We found that at most 38.7% of composite mementos are both temporally coherent and that at most only 17.9% (roughly 1 in 5) are temporally coherent and 100% complete. Using multiple archives increases mean completeness by 3.1-4.1% but also reduces temporal coherence."
1474397926,"No Reciprocity in 'Liking' Photos: Analyzing Like Activities in Instagram","Jang, Han & Lee",1,1,42,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791043","Jin Yea Jang, Kyungsik Han, Dongwon Lee","Jin Yea Jang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791043","Instagram, Like activity, Like network, Social media analysis","false","In social media, people often press a “Like” button to indicate their shared interest in a particular content or to acknowledge the user who posted the content. Such activities form relationships and networks among people, raising interesting questions about their unique characteristics and implications. However, little research has investigated such Likes as a main study focus. To address this lack of understanding, based on a theoretical framework, we present an analysis of the structural, influential, and contextual aspects of Like activities from the test datasets of 20 million users and their 2 billion Like activities in Instagram. Our study results first highlight that Like activities and networks increase exponentially, and are formed and developed by one’s friends and many random users. Second, we observe that five other essential Instagram elements influence the number of Likes to different extents, but following others will not necessarily increase the number of Likes that one receives. Third, we explore the relationship between LDA-based topics and Likes, characterize two user groups-specialists and generalists-and show that specialists tend to receive more Likes and promote themselves more than generalists. We finally discuss theoretical and practical implications and future research directions."
1474397927,"Build Emotion Lexicon from Microblogs by Combining Effects of Seed Words and Emoticons in a Heterogeneous Graph","Song et al.",1,0,36,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791035","Kaisong Song, Shi Feng, Wei Gao, Daling Wang, Ling Chen, Chengqi Zhang","Kaisong Song","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791035","emoticon, emotion lexicon, heterogeneous graph, microblogs, seed word","false","As an indispensable resource for emotion analysis, emotion lexicons have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Most existing methods focus on capturing the single emotional effect of words rather than the emotion distributions which are helpful to model multiple complex emotions in a subjective text. Meanwhile, automatic lexicon building methods are overly dependent on seed words but neglect the effect of emoticons which are natural graphical labels of fine-grained emotion. In this paper, we propose a novel emotion lexicon building framework that leverages both seed words and emoticons simultaneously to capture emotion distributions of candidate words more accurately. Our method overcomes the weakness of existing methods by combining the effects of both seed words and emoticons in a unified three-layer heterogeneous graph, in which a multi-label random walk (MLRW) algorithm is performed to strengthen the emotion distribution estimation. Experimental results on real-world data reveal that our constructed emotion lexicon achieves promising results for emotion classification compared to the state-of-the-art lexicons."
1474397929,"Tag Me Maybe: Perceptions of Public Targeted Sharing on Facebook","Savage et al.",1,1,16,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791055","Saiph Savage, Andres Monroy-Hernandez, Kasturi Bhattacharjee, Tobias Höllerer","Saiph Savage","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791055","Social media, access controls, algorithmic filtering, broadcasting, narrowcast, social networks","false","Social network sites allow users to publicly tag people in their posts. These tagged posts allow users to share to both the general public and a targeted audience, dynamically assembled via notifications that alert the people mentioned. We investigate people’s perceptions of this mixed sharing mode through a qualitative study with 120 participants. We found that individuals like this sharing modality as they believe it strengthens their relationships. Individuals also report using tags to have more control of Facebook’s ranking algorithm, and to expose one another to novel information and people. This work helps us understand people’s complex relationships with the algorithms that mediate their interactions with each another. We conclude by discussing the design implications of these findings."
1474397931,"Automated Methods for Identity Resolution across Heterogeneous Social Platforms","Jain",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2804448","Paridhi Jain","Paridhi Jain","Consortium Abstract","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2804448","","false","Users create identities on multiple social platforms for various purposes but often do not link them. Unlinked identities raise concerns for enterprises and security practitioners. To address the concerns, we propose novel methods to search and link user identities scattered across heterogenous social networks. Our methods are automated and access only public current and historic data of a user. Evaluation on fairly large datasets from multiple platforms prove our methods’ efficiency in identity resolution of an online user."
1474397933,"A Framework to Provide Customized Reuse of Open Corpus Content for Adaptive Systems","Bayomi",2,0,16,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2804450","Mostafa Bayomi","Mostafa Bayomi","Consortium Abstract","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2804450","Content Semantic Slicing, Open Corpus Content, Semantic Web","false","One of the main services that Adaptive Systems offer to their users is the provision of content that is tailored to individual user’s needs. Some Adaptive Systems use a closed corpus content that has been prepared for them a priori, hence, they accept only a narrow field of content. Furthermore, the content is tightly coupled with other parts of the system, which also hinders its re-usability. To address these limitations, recent systems started to make use of open Web content to provide a wider variety of content. Previous approaches have attempted to harness the information available on the web by providing adaptive systems with customizable information objects. Since adaptive systems are evolving towards the Semantic Web and the use of ontologies, existing systems are limited by their ability to service these documents solely through keyword-based queries. In this research we propose a novel framework that extends existing content provision system, Slicepedia. Our framework uses the conceptual representation of content to segment it in a semantic manner. The framework removes unnecessary content from web pages, such as navigation bars, and then semantically reveals the structural representation of text to build a tree-like hierarchy. This tree can be traversed to obtain different levels of content granularity that facilitate content discoverability and adaptivity."
1474397934,"VizTrails: An Information Visualization Tool for Exploring Geographic Movement Trajectories","Becker et al.",0,1,2,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791021","Martin Becker, Philipp Singer, Florian Lemmerich, Andreas Hotho, Denis Helic, Markus Strohmaier","Martin Becker","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791021","","false","Understanding the way people move through urban areas represents an important problem that has implications for a range of societal challenges such as city planning, public transportation, or crime analysis. In this paper, we present an interactive visualization tool called VizTrails for exploring and understanding such human movement. It features visualizations that show aggregated statistics of trails for geographic areas that correspond to grid cells on a map, e.g., on the number of users passing through or on cells commonly visited next. Amongst other features, system allows to overlay the map with the results of SPARQL queries in order to relate the observed trajectory statistics with its geo-spatial context, e.g., considering a city’s points of interest. The systems functionality is demonstrated using trajectory examples extracted from the social photo sharing platform Flickr. Overall, VizTrails facilitates deeper insights into geo-spatial trajectory data by enabling interactive exploration of aggregated statistics and providing geo-spatial context."
1474397936,"Sentiment Analysis with Incremental Human-in-the-Loop Learning and Lexical Resource Customization","Mishra et al.",0,3,20,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791022","Shubhanshu Mishra, Jana Diesner, Jason Byrne, Elizabeth Surbeck","Shubhanshu Mishra","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791022","","false","The adjustment of probabilistic models for sentiment analysis to changes in language use and the perception of products can be realized via incremental learning techniques. We provide a free, open and GUI-based sentiment analysis tool that allows for a) relabeling predictions and/or adding labeled instances to retrain the weights of a given model, and b) customizing lexical resources to account for false positives and false negatives in sentiment lexicons. Our results show that incrementally updating a model with information from new and labeled instances can substantially increase accuracy. The provided solution can be particularly helpful for gradually refining or enhancing models in an easily accessible fashion while avoiding a) the costs for training a new model from scratch and b) the deterioration of prediction accuracy over time."
1474397937,"Everything is Filed under 'File': Conceptual Challenges in Applying Semantic Search to Network Shares for Collaborative Work","Ahlers & Mehrpoor",1,0,6,"Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '15","2015","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2700171.2791046","Dirk Ahlers, Mahsa Mehrpoor","Dirk Ahlers","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2700171.2791046","","false","Lots of professional collaborative work relies on shared networked file systems for easy collaboration, documentation, and as a joint workspace. We have found that in an engineering setting with tens of thousands of files, usual desktop search does not work as well, especially if the project space is huge, contains a large number of non-textual files that are difficult to search for, and is partially unknown by the users due to information needs reaching into previous years or projects.
We therefore propose an approach that joins content and metadata analysis, link derivation, grouping, and other measures to arrive at high-level features suitable for semantic similarity and retrieval to improve information access for this case of professional search."
1474400419,"Killing the Hyperlink, Killing the Web: The Shift from Library-Internet to Television-Internet","Derakhshan",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914605","Hossein Derakhshan","Hossein Derakhshan","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914605","","false","The Web, as envisaged by its inventors, was founded on the idea of hyperlinks. Derived from the notion of hypertext in literary theory, a hyperlink is a relation rather than an object. It is a system of connections that connects distant pieces of text, resulting in a non-linear, open, active, decentralized, and diverse space we called the World Wide Web. But in the past few years, and with the rise of closed social networks, as well as mobile apps, the hyperlink—and thereby the Web—are in serious trouble. Most social networks have created a closed, linear, centralized, sequential, passive, and homogeneous space, where users are encouraged to stay in all the time—a space that is more like television.
The Web was imagined as an intellectual project that promoted knowledge, debate, and tolerance; as something I call library-internet. Now it has become more about entertainment and commerce; I call this tv-internet.
[no references]"
1474400423,"Assessing the Navigational Effects of Click Biases and Link Insertion on the Web","Geigl et al.",1,0,32,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914594","Florian Geigl, Kristina Lerman, Simon Walk, Markus Strohmaier, Denis Helic","Florian Geigl","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914594","Click Biases, Link Insertion, Random Surfer, Stationary Distribution","false","Websites have an inherent interest in steering user navigation in order to, for example, increase sales of specific products or categories, or to guide users towards specific information. In general, website administrators can use the following two strategies to influence their visitors’ navigation behavior. First, they can introduce click biases to reinforce specific links on their website by changing their visual appearance, for example, by locating them on the top of the page. Second, they can utilize link insertion to generate new paths for users to navigate over. In this paper, we present a novel approach for measuring the potential effects of these two strategies on user navigation. Our results suggest that, depending on the pages for which we want to increase user visits, optimal link modification strategies vary. Moreover, simple topological measures can be used as proxies for assessing the impact of the intended changes on the navigation of users, even before these changes are implemented."
1474400424,"Guiding Users through Asynchronous Meeting Content with Hypervideo Playback Plans","Girgensohn et al.",3,0,29,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914597","Andreas Girgensohn, Jennifer Marlow, Frank Shipman, Lynn Wilcox","Andreas Girgensohn","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914597","Hypervideo, interactive video, videoconferencing, visualization","false","We previously created the HyperMeeting system to support a chain of geographically and temporally distributed meetings in the form of a hypervideo. This paper focuses on playback plans that guide users through the recorded meeting content by automatically following available hyperlinks. Our system generates playback plans based on users’ interests or prior meeting attendance and presents a dialog that lets users select the most appropriate plan. Prior experience with playback plans revealed users’ confusion with automatic link following within a sequence of meetings. To address this issue, we designed three timeline visualizations of playback plans. A user study comparing the timeline designs indicated that different visualizations are preferred for different tasks, making switching among them important. The study also provided insights that will guide research of personalized hypervideo, both inside and outside a meeting context."
1474400425,"Patterns of Sculptural Hypertext in Location Based Narratives","Hargood et al.",8,5,29,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914595","Charlie Hargood, Verity Hunt, Mark J. Weal, David E. Millard","Charlie Hargood","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914595","Location Based Narrative, Mobile Narrative, Narrative, Narrative Systems","false","Location based narratives are an emerging form of digital storytelling that use location technologies to trigger content on smart devices according to a user’s location. In previous work on the Canyons, Deltas and Plains (CDP) model we argued that they are best considered as a form of sculptural hypertext, but sculptural hypertext is a relatively unexplored medium with few examples, and limited critical theory. This means that there is little guidance for authors on what is possible with the medium, and no common authoring tools, both of which impede adoption and experimentation. In this paper we describe our work to tackle this problem by working with creative writing students to create 40 location based sculptural hypertexts using an approach similar to paper-prototyping, and then analysing these for common patterns (structures of nodes, rules, and conditions used for a poetic purpose). We present seven key patterns: Parallel Threads, Gating, Concurrent Nodes, Alternative Nodes, Foldbacks, Phasing, and Unlocking. In doing so we see some overlap with the patterns identified in traditional (calligraphic) hypertext, but in many cases these patterns are particularly suited to sculptural hypertext, and hint at a different poetics for the form. Our findings refine our original CDP model, but also present a starting point for educating writers on how to approach sculptural stories, and form a foundation for future location-based authoring tools."
1474400426,"Teens Engage More with Fewer Photos: Temporal and Comparative Analysis on Behaviors in Instagram","Jang et al.",1,0,46,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914602","Jin Yea Jang, Kyungsik Han, Dongwon Lee, Haiyan Jia, Patrick C. Shih","Jin Yea Jang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914602","Instagram, Teens, age difference, comparative analysis","false","Research has suggested that teens are more active and engaged than adults on social media. Most of such observations, however, have been made through the analysis of limited ethnographic or cross-sectional data. Using a temporally extended, large-scale dataset and comparative analyses to remedy this shortcoming, we examined how and why the age difference in the behaviors of users in Instagram might have occurred through the lenses of social cognition, developmental psychology, and human-computer interaction. We proposed two hypotheses—teens as digital natives and the need for social interactions—as the theoretical framework for understanding the factors that help explain the behavioral differences. Our computational analysis identified the following novel findings: (1) teens post fewer photos than adults; (2) teens remove more photos based on the number of Likes the photos received; and (3) teens have less diverse photo content. Our analysis was also able to confirm prior ethnographic accounts that teens are more engaged in Liking and commenting, and express their emotions and social interests more than adults. We discussed theoretical and practical interpretations and implications as well as future research directions from the results. Our datasets are available at: https://goo.gl/LqTYNv"
1474400429,"Comparing Community-based Information Adoption and Diffusion Across Different Microblogging Sites","Liu et al.",1,0,45,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914665","Xiaozhong Liu, Xing Yu, Zheng Gao, Tian Xia, Johan Bollen","Xiaozhong Liu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914665","Information Comparison, Information Diffusion, Social Media","false","The proliferation of social media is bringing about significant changes in how people make sense of their world and adopt new information. However, social, cultural and political divisions continue to separate users and information into different social media systems. Twitter and Facebook, for example, are strictly forbidden in mainland China. As a result, 21.97% of all world-wide Internet users are thus excluded from participating in these platforms. In this study, we investigate whether the dynamics of information diffusion, modeled as the adoption patterns of topical hashtags, differ between the communities of the mentioned social media sites as a result of this separation. Specifically, we compare Weibo and Twitter, the two largest micro-blogging sites serving respectively the Chinese population and the rest of the world, by exploring the similarities and differences of how their respective users adopt new information. By leveraging sophisticated community detection algorithms and heterogeneous graph mining methods, we investigate and compare how the different characteristics of these communities influence information diffusion and adoption. Experimental results show that while community-specific information influences topic diffusion and adoption in both environments, novel features, extracted from heterogeneous graph based communities, have a greater effect on Weibo information adoption than Twitter. We also find that users sharing hashtags is an important factor in information diffusion on both Twitter and Weibo, whereas user mentions are important for Weibo, but less so for Twitter. Overall, we conclude that Weibo and Twitter differ sharply in how their users adopt information in response to similar factors."
1474400430,"Assessing Review Recommendation Techniques under a Ranking Perspective","Maroun et al.",0,1,41,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914598","Luciana B. Maroun, Mirella M. Moro, Jussara M. Almeida, Ana Paula C. Silva","Luciana B. Maroun","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914598","Ranking, Review Helpfulness, Review Recommendation, Top-n Recommendation Task","false","Reading online reviews before a purchase is a customary action nowadays. Nevertheless, the increasing volume of reviews works as a barrier to their effectiveness so that many approaches try to predict reviews’ quality, which is not standardized to all users due to different backgrounds and preferences. Thus, recommending reviews in a personalized fashion is probably more accurate. Here, we analyze methods for recommending reviews that have not been compared against each other yet. Our experiments consider parameter tuning and comparison through statistical tests. Such study allows to understand the state-of-the-art and to evidence potential improvement directions. Our results show that assessing under a ranking perspective, model simplicity and observed features are important traits for this problem, being Support Vector Regression the best solution."
1474400431,"Download and Cache Management for HTML5 Hypervideo Players","Meixner & Einsiedler",1,0,42,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914587","Britta Meixner, Christoph Einsiedler","Britta Meixner","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914587","Cache, Download, HTML5, Hypervideo, Media Source Extensions, Pre-fetching, Quality of Experience","false","Web videos are becoming more and more popular. Current web technologies make it simpler than ever to both stream videos and create complex constructs of interlinked videos with additional information (video, audio, images, and text); so called hypervideos. When viewers interact with hypervideos by clicking on links, new content has to be loaded. This may lead to excessive waiting times, interrupting the presentation - especially when videos are loaded into the hypervideo player. In this work, we propose hypervideo pre-fetching strategies, which can be implemented in players to minimize waiting times. We examine the possibilities offered by the HTML5"
1474400432,"Summarizing Situational Tweets in Crisis Scenario","Rudra et al.",1,0,32,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914600","Koustav Rudra, Siddhartha Banerjee, Niloy Ganguly, Pawan Goyal, Muhammad Imran, Prasenjit Mitra","Koustav Rudra","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914600","Disaster events, Twitter, classification, situational information, summarization","false","During mass convergence events such as natural disasters, microblogging platforms like Twitter are widely used by affected people to post situational awareness messages. These crisis-related messages disperse among multiple categories like infrastructure damage, information about missing, injured, and dead people etc. The challenge here is to extract important situational updates from these messages, assign them appropriate informational categories, and finally summarize big trove of information in each category. In this paper, we propose a novel framework which first assigns tweets into different situational classes and then summarize those tweets. In the summarization phase, we propose a two stage summarization framework which first extracts a set of important tweets from the whole set of information through an Integer-linear programming (ILP) based optimization technique and then follows a word graph and content word based abstractive summarization technique to produce the final summary. Our method is time and memory efficient and outperforms the baseline in terms of quality, coverage of events, locations et al., effectiveness, and utility in disaster scenarios."
1474400433,"Spatio-Temporal Parsing in Spatial Hypermedia","Schedel & Atzenbeck",4,5,17,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914596","Thomas Schedel, Claus Atzenbeck","Thomas Schedel","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914596","hypertext, spatial hypertext, spatial parsing, spatiotemporal parsing, time","true","Spatial hypertext represents associations between chunks of information by spatial or visual attributes (such as proximity, color, shape, etc.). This supports expressing information structures implicitly and in an intuitive way. However, automatic recognition of such informal, implicitly encoded structures by a machine (a so-called spatial parser) is still a challenge. Conventional parsers are conceptually restricted by their underlying source of information. Due to this limitation there are various possible structures that cannot be recognized properly, as the machine has no means to detect them. This inevitably limits both the quality of parser output and hence parser performance. In this paper we show that considering temporal aspects in spatial parser design will lead to significant increase in parsing accuracy, detection of richer structures and thus higher parser performance. We call machines that consider such spatial and temporal information spatio-temporal parsers.
For the purpose of providing evidence, parsers for recognizing spatial, visual, and temporal object relations have been implemented and tested in a series of user surveys. One aim was to find out how “close” the machine interpretetation of structures get to human interpretation. It turned out that in none of the test cases pure spatial or visual parser could outperform the spatio-temporal parser. Instead, the spatio-temporal parser was able to compensate limitations of conventional parsers. Furthermore, we have statistically tested parsing accuracy. The results indicate a non-trivial effect that is recognizable by humans. This shows that spatio-temporal parsers produce output that is significantly closer to what knowledge workers intend to express compared to traditional spatial parsers."
1474400434,"Social Media-Based Collaborative Information Access: Analysis of Online Crisis-Related Twitter Conversations","Tamine et al.",1,0,42,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914589","Lynda Tamine, Laure Soulier, Lamjed Ben Jabeur, Frederic Amblard, Chihab Hanachi, Gilles Hubert, Camille Roth","Lynda Tamine","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914589","Collaboration, Information Access, Social Networks, Topic Models, Twitter","false","The notion of implicit (or explicit) collaborative information access refers to systems and practices allowing a group of users to unintentionally (respectively intentionally) seek, share and retrieve information to achieve similar (respectively shared) information-related goals. Despite an increasing adoption in social environments, collaboration behavior in information seeking and retrieval is mainly limited to small-sized groups, generally restricted to working spaces. Much remains to be learned about collaborative information seeking within open web social spaces. This paper is an attempt to better understand either implicit or explicit collaboration by studying Twitter, one of the most popular and widely used social networks. We study in particular the complex intertwinement of human interactions induced by both collaboration and social networking. We empirically explore explicit collaborative interactions based on focused conversation streams during two crisis. We identify structural patterns of temporally representative conversation subgraphs and represent their topics using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling. Our main findings suggest that: 1) the critical mass of collaboration is generally limited to small-sized flat networks, with or without an influential user, 2) users are active as members of weakly overlapping groups and engage in numerous collaborative search and sharing tasks dealing with different topics, and 3) collaborative group ties evolve within the time-span of conversations."
1474400438,"Identifying Knowledge Anchors in a Data Graph","Al-Tawil et al.",1,0,34,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914637","Marwan Al-Tawil, Vania Dimitrova, Dhavalkumar Thakker, Brandon Bennett","Marwan Al-Tawil","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914637","Data graphs, basic level objects, exploratory search, knowledge utility","false","The recent growth of the Web of Data has brought to the fore the need to develop intelligent means to support user exploration through big data graphs. To be effective, approaches for data graph exploration should take into account the utility from a user’s point of view. We have been investigating knowledge utility—how useful the trajectories in a data graph are for expanding users’ knowledge. Following the theory for meaningful learning, according to which new knowledge is developed starting from familiar entities (anchors) and expanding to new and unfamiliar entities, we propose here an approach to identify knowledge anchors in a data graph. Our approach is underpinned by the Cognitive Science notion of basic level objects in domain taxonomies. Several metrics for extracting knowledge anchors in a data graph, and the corresponding algorithms, are presented. The metrics performance is examined, and a hybridization approach that combines the strengths of each metric is proposed."
1474400439,"The Effect of Synonym Substitution on Search Results","Antunovic, Lee & Ashman",2,0,25,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914635","Michael Antunovic, Ivan Lee, Helen Ashman","Michael Antunovic","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914635","Web search, query substitution, synonym discovery","false","Synonyms or other semantic associations can be used in web search in query substitution to improve or augment the query to retrieve more relevant search results. The value of substitution depends on how well the synonyms preserve semantic meaning, as any attrition in meaning can result in semantic drift of query results. Many synonyms are not synonyms in the traditional, thesaurus sense, but are semantic associations discovered automatically from online data, with the risk of semantic drift in substitution. This discovery of synonyms or other semantic associations arises from different methods applied over web search logs, and in this paper we review the candidate synonym pairs of words or phrases generated from three different methods applied over the same web search logs. The suitability of the candidate synonym pairs for the purpose of query substitution is evaluated in an experiment where 68 subjects assessed the search results generated by both the original query and the substituted query. It was found that two of the discovery methods returned significantly worse results with the substitution than were returned by the original query for the majority of queries, with only around 20-22% of substituted queries generating either improved or equally-relevant results. The third method however returned a very similar level of superior results as the original query, and saw over 71% of substituted queries generating either improved or equally-relevant results. These results indicate that even when candidate synonym pairs are confirmed as being semantically associated using other methods, they still may not be suitable for query substitution, depending on the method of synonym discovery."
1474400440,"Storyspace 3","Bernstein",15,3,43,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914624","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914624","Storyspace, design, education, fiction, history of computing, hypermedia, hypertext, implementation, links, literature, maps, support","true","Storyspace was introduced in one of the first papers presented at the first ACM Workshop of Hypertext, and gave rise to a number of significant hypertexts, both fiction and nonfiction. A new implementation of Storyspace for contemporary computing environments is clearly desirable. This has been undertaken, with modest resources and in a short time frame. A number of surprising new facilities, many of them originally proposed in contrast or opposition to Storyspace, can be supported without altering or complicating the underlying Storyspace node and link model."
1474400441,"Classical Hypermedia Virtues on the Web with Webstrates","Bouvin & Klokmose",12,1,41,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914622","Niels Olof Bouvin, Clemens Nylandsted Klokmose","Niels Olof Bouvin","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914622","Web, collaboration, dynamic documents, hypermedia","false","We show and analyze herein how Webstrates can augment the Web from a classical hypermedia perspective. Webstrates turns the DOM of Web pages into persistent and collaborative objects. We demonstrate how this can be applied to realize bidirectional links, shared collaborative annotations, and in-browser authorship and development."
1474400442,"ALAT: Finally an Easy To Use Adaptation Authoring Tool","De Bra et al.",5,1,17,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914627","Paul De Bra, Natalia Stash, Wouter Boereboom, Celine Chen, Joris Den Ouden, Martijn Kunstman, John Oostrum, Egon Verbakel","Paul De Bra","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914627","adaptive hypermedia, authoring, interface design, usability","false","Research papers about adaptive hypermedia systems, frameworks or applications tend to focus on the end-result: how the applications are used by end-users, how adaptation improves user satisfaction, learning, etc. What they do not describe is how difficult and labor-intensive the creation of the applications can be. In this paper we present ALAT, a new authoring tool for the Generic Adaptation Language and Engine GALE, developed at the TU/e. ALAT is specifically designed in close collaboration with an educational software company to ensure that specifying the desired adaptation can be done by non-technical authors. This is achieved by combining a simple responsive authoring-interface with underlying templates that help generate the adaptation code for GALE."
1474400443,"Mining Interaction Patterns in the Design of Web Applications for Improving User Experience","Gkantouna, Tsakalidis & Tzimas",1,0,23,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914631","Vassiliki Gkantouna, Athanasios Tsakalidis, Giannis Tzimas","Vassiliki Gkantouna","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914631","CMS, Design Evaluation, Design Patterns, Design Quality, Interaction Patterns, Web Applications","false","The key success factor for modern web applications is their acceptance by the end-users which heavily depends on the quality of the user experience that they offer to them. Users require applications designed in such a way that it enables them to learn the supported functionalities easily, so that they can quickly find the information that they are looking for. Therefore, the usability and the overall design quality of an application can determine its success or failure. In this paper, we analyze the conceptual model of CMS-based web applications in terms of the incorporated design fragments that support the various user interaction processes. We consider these fragments as recurrent interaction patterns occurring in the application model, consisting of a configuration of front-end interface components that interrelate each other and interact with the user to achieve certain functionality. We have developed a methodology that automatically extracts the conceptual model of a web application and subsequently performs a pattern-based analysis of the model in order to identify the occurrences of all the recurrent interaction patterns. Finally, we calculate evaluation metrics revealing whether these patterns are used consistently throughout the application design. By utilizing these patterns, developers can produce more consistent and predictable designs, improving the ease of use of web applications."
1474400446,"The Influence of Frequency, Recency and Semantic Context on the Reuse of Tags in Social Tagging Systems","Kowald & Lex",3,0,29,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914617","Dominik Kowald, Elisabeth Lex","Dominik Kowald","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914617","Boundary objects, Community Q&A, Community management, Online communities","false","In this paper, we study factors that influence tag reuse behavior in social tagging systems. Our work is guided by the activation equation of the cognitive model ACT-R, which states that the usefulness of information in human memory depends on the three factors usage frequency, recency and semantic context. It is our aim to shed light on the influence of these factors on tag reuse. In our experiments, we utilize six datasets from the social tagging systems Flickr, CiteULike, BibSonomy, Delicious, LastFM and MovieLens, covering a range of various tagging settings. Our results confirm that frequency, recency and semantic context positively influence the reuse probability of tags. However, the extent to which each factor individually influences tag reuse strongly depends on the type of folksonomy present in a social tagging system. Our work can serve as guideline for researchers and developers of tag-based recommender systems when designing algorithms for social tagging environments."
1474400447,"Understanding and Predicting Online Food Recipe Production Patterns","Kusmierczyk, Trattner & Nørvåg",1,0,18,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914632","Tomasz Kusmierczyk, Christoph Trattner, Kjetil Nørvåg","Tomasz Kusmierczyk","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914632","creational patterns, food recommender systems, ingredient usage, online food recipes, predictive modeling, recipe creation","false","Studying online food patterns has recently become an active field of research. While there are a growing body of studies that investigate how online food in consumed, little effort has been devoted yet to understand how online food recipes are being created. To contribute to this lack of knowledge in the area, we present in this paper the results of a large-scale study that aims at understanding how historical, social and temporal factors impact on the online food creation process. Several experiments reveal the extent to which various factors are useful in predicting future recipe production."
1474400448,"High Enough?: Explaining and Predicting Traveler Satisfaction Using Airline Reviews","Lacic, Kowald & Lex",0,1,23,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914629","Emanuel Lacic, Dominik Kowald, Elisabeth Lex","Emanuel Lacic","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914629","airline reviews, clustering analysis, feature analysis, sentiment analysis, skytrax, traveler satisfaction, user satisfaction prediction","false","Air travel is one of the most frequently used means of transportation in our every-day life. Thus, it is not surprising that an increasing number of travelers share their experiences with airlines and airports in form of online reviews on the Web. In this work, we thrive to explain and uncover the features of airline reviews that contribute most to traveler satisfaction. To that end, we examine reviews crawled from the Skytrax air travel review portal. Skytrax provides four review categories to review airports, lounges, airlines and seats. Each review category consists of several five-star ratings as well as free-text review content. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive feature study and we find that not only five-star rating information such as airport queuing time and lounge comfort highly correlate with traveler satisfaction but also inferred features in the form of the review text sentiment. Based on our findings, we create classifiers to predict traveler satisfaction using the best performing rating features. Our results reveal that given our methodology, traveler satisfaction can be predicted with high accuracy. Additionally, we find that training a model on the sentiment of the review text provides a competitive alternative when no five-star rating information is available. We believe that our work is of interest for researchers in the area of modeling and predicting user satisfaction based on available review data on the Web."
1474400452,"Analyzing the Perceptions of Change in a Distributed Collection of Web Documents","Meneses et al.",0,1,28,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914628","Luis Meneses, Sampath Jayarathna, Richard Furuta, Frank Shipman","Luis Meneses","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914628","Web resource management, distributed collections, web change classification","false","It is not unusual for documents on the Web to degrade and suffer from problems associated with unexpected change. In an analysis of the Association for Computing Machinery conference list, we found that categorizing the degree of change affecting digital documents over time is a difficult task. More specifically, we found that categorizing this degree of change is not a binary problem where documents are either unchanged or they have changed so dramatically that they do not fit within the scope of the collection. It is in part, a characterization of the intent of the change. In this paper, we present a case study that compares change detection methods based on machine learning algorithms against the assessment made by human subjects in a user study. Consequently, this paper will focus on two research questions. First, how can we categorize the various degrees of change that documents endure? And second, how did our automatic detection methods fare against the human assessment of change in the ACM conference list?"
1474400454,"Exploring Maintenance Practices in Crowd-Mapping","Quattrone, Dittus & Capra",1,0,36,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914621","Giovanni Quattrone, Martin Dittus, Licia Capra","Giovanni Quattrone","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914621","Collective Intelligence, DPN, Failure Detection, Network Control, SNSs, Telephony Failures, Twitter","false","Crowd-mapping is a form of collaborative work that empowers users to gather and share geographic knowledge. OpenStreetMap is one of the most successful examples of such paradigm, where the goal of building a global map of the world is collectively performed by over 2M contributors. Despite geographic information being intrinsically evolving, little research has so far gone into analysing maintenance practices in these domains. In this paper, we perform a preliminary exploration to quantitatively capture maintenance dynamics in geographic crowd-sourced datasets, in terms of: the extent to which different maintenance actions are taking place, the type of spatial information that is being maintained, and who engages in these practices. We apply this method to 117 countries in OSM, over one year of mapping activity. Our findings reveal that, although maintenance practices vary substantially from country to country in terms of how widespread they are, strong commonalities exist in terms of what metadata is being maintained and by whom."
1474400455,"Classification of Twitter Accounts into Targeting Accounts and Non-Targeting Accounts","Takemura & Tajima",1,0,16,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914639","Hikaru Takemura, Keishi Tajima","Hikaru Takemura","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914639","microblog, social network, target diversity, target specificity, target users, user intention","false","In this paper, we propose a method for classifying Twitter accounts into non-targeting accounts, which post messages to the general public, and targeting accounts, which post messages to specific people. For example, an account posting general news information is a non-targeting account, while an account posting announcements to members of a specific organization is a targeting account. An account posting information on very specific minor topic, and an account used for communication with friends, are also targeting accounts. Our method finds some properties that are common to most followers of a given account, and calculate how much a user set with such a consistency deviates from a random sample from the given universe of users (e.g., the set of all Twitter users in some country). If it largely deviates, the account is a targeting account. We use two types of properties of followers: (1) terms in their metadata and (2) their followees. The result of our experiment shows that one of our methods, which computes two scores based on these two types of properties and combines them using SVM, achieves the accuracy 0.944, and outperforms the baselines."
1474400458,"Human vs. Automated Text Analysis: Estimating Positive and Negative Affect","Ziemer & Korkmaz",1,0,27,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914634","Kathryn Schaefer Ziemer, Gizem Korkmaz","Kathryn Schaefer Ziemer","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914634","LIWC, Lasso, automated text analysis, expressive writing, feature selection, human coding, sentiment analysis","false","Automated text analysis (ATA) has been a widely used tool for determining the sentiment of writing samples. However, it is unclear how ATA compares to human ratings of text when estimating affect. There are costs and benefits associated with each method, and comparing the two approaches will help determine which one provides the most useful and accurate results. This study uses 279 journal entries from individuals with chronic pain in order to estimate the positive and negative affect scores reported directly by participants. We use Lasso to select the features that are most predictive of affect. Our results indicate that the model combining human coders and ATA accounts for the most variance in self-reported positive affect scores, resulting in adjusted R-squared=0.36. For negative affect scores, we obtain a lower adjusted R-squared=0.30 with the combined model, however, ATA results in significantly higher adjusted R-squared=0.27 compared to the model using only human coders, R-squared=0.14. This suggests that utilizing human coders may be the most beneficial when the focus is on positive affect, but automated text analysis may be sufficient when studying negative affect."
1474400465,"Improving Website Navigation with the Wisdom of Crowds","Nizam, Watters & Gruzd",1,0,10,"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","","HT '16","2016","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2914586.2914607","Naureen Nizam, Carolyn Watters, Anatoliy Gruzd","Naureen Nizam","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2914586.2914607","","false","In this paper, we explore how user-generated content, such as links (web page URLs) shared on social media can be used to recommend relevant and popular web pages to the website visitors. Based on our preliminary findings [8, 9], we have developed a set of guidelines and a prototype called the Social Media Panel (SMP). The SMP displays popular web pages as page thumbnails based on the aggregate information trending on social media sites. We evaluate the SMP via a focus group and a controlled user study, and compare it against conventional website navigation tools (i.e., menus, search, links, and browser tools), for effectiveness, efficiency and user engagement. We found SMP to be effective, efficient and engaging for browsing tasks. Subsequently, ANOVA tests were employed which proved that it took fewer clicks to complete the task using SMP. However, the use of SMP did not prove to make a significant difference in expediting the completion of the task."
1513449542,"Clarity is a Worthwhile Quality: On the Role of Task Clarity in Microtask Crowdsourcing","Gadiraju, Yang & Bozzon",2,2,37,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078715","Ujwal Gadiraju, Jie Yang, Alessandro Bozzon","Ujwal Gadiraju","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078715","Crowd Workers, Crowdsourcing, Goal Clarity, Microtasks, Performance, Prediction, Role Clarity, Task Clarity","false","Workers of microtask crowdsourcing marketplaces strive to find a balance between the need for monetary income and the need for high reputation. Such balance is often threatened by poorly formulated tasks, as workers attempt their execution despite a sub-optimal understanding of the work to be done.
In this paper we highlight the role of clarity as a characterising property of tasks in crowdsourcing. We surveyed 100 workers of the CrowdFlower platform to verify the presence of issues with task clarity in crowdsourcing marketplaces, reveal how crowd workers deal with such issues, and motivate the need for mechanisms that can predict and measure task clarity. Next, we propose a novel model for task clarity based on the goal and role clarity constructs. We sampled 7.1K tasks from the Amazon mTurk marketplace, and acquired labels for task clarity from crowd workers. We show that task clarity is coherently perceived by crowd workers, and is affected by the type of the task. We then propose a set of features to capture task clarity, and use the acquired labels to train and validate a supervised machine learning model for task clarity prediction. Finally, we perform a long-term analysis of the evolution of task clarity on Amazon mTurk, and show that clarity is not a property suitable for temporal characterisation."
1513449543,"Tiree Tales: A Co-operative Inquiry into the Poetics of Location-Based Narrative","Millard & Hargood",9,3,37,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078716","David E. Millard, Charlie Hargood","David E. Millard","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078716","Location-Based Narrative, Sculptural Hypertext","false","In a location-based story a reader’s movement through physical space is translated into movement through narrative space, typically by presenting them with text fragments on a smart device triggered by location changes. Despite the increasing popularity of such systems their poetics are poorly understood, meaning limited guidance for authors, and few authoring tools. To explore these poetics we present a co-operative inquiry into the authoring of an interactive location-based narrative, ‘The Isle of Brine’, set on the island of Tiree. Our inquiry reveals both pragmatic and aesthetic considerations driven by the locations themselves, that affect the design of both the Story (narrative structure) and Fabula (events within the story). These include the importance of paths, bottlenecks, and junctions as a physical manifestation of calligraphic patterns, the need for coherent narrative areas, and the requirement to use evocative places and to manage thematic and tonal discord between the landscape and the narrative."
1513449545,"Revisiting Hypertext Infrastructure","Atzenbeck et al.",24,10,69,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078718","Claus Atzenbeck, Thomas Schedel, Manolis Tzagarakis, Daniel Roßner, Lucas Mages","Claus Atzenbeck","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078718","Asgard, CB-OHS, hypertext infrastructure, navigational hypertext, open hypermedia systems, spatial hypertext, taxonomic hypertext","true","Specialized systems aiming at offering hypertext functionality in users’ computing have been discussed since the early days of hypertext. However, with the claim to also support other structure domains than node-link structures, hypertext systems had to overcome some challenges. Researchers came up with component-based approaches and low level structure services.
Due to the raising omnipresence of the Web, research on traditional hypertext systems has been fading out over the past decade. This paper focuses again on hypertext infrastructures and goes beyond ongoing Web discussions. Based on lessons learned from well thought through previous work, we present a novel design for multi-structure supporting, general purpose hypertext systems that can be used in a series of application domains. The system provides intelligence analysis which is needed for sophisticated user support. We argue that this lets us use the hypertext system also as a visual analytics tool. Furthermore, for demonstration purposes we describe the use of the system in combination with a Web-based software engineering platform, which is part of the ongoing project ODIN."
1513449546,"Hyperlocal Home Location Identification of Twitter Profiles","Poulston, Stevenson & Bontcheva",1,0,43,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078719","Adam Poulston, Mark Stevenson, Kalina Bontcheva","Adam Poulston","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078719","User geo-location, data mining, geographic clustering, home location identification","false","Knowledge of user’s location provides valuable information that can be used to build region-specific models (e.g. language used in a particular region and map-based visualisations of social media posts). Determining a user’s home location presents a challenge. Current approaches make use of geo-located tweets or textual cues but are often only able to predict location to a coarse level of granularity (e.g. city level), while many applications require finer-grained (hyperlocal) predictions.
A novel approach for hyperlocal home location identification, based on clustering of geo-located tweets, is presented. A gold-standard data set for home location identification is developed by making use of indicative phrases in geo-located tweets. We find that the cluster-based approaches outperform current techniques for hyperlocal location prediction."
1513449551,"The Nature of Real and Perceived Bias in Chilean Media","Elejalde, Ferres & Herder",2,0,31,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078724","Erick Elejalde, Leo Ferres, Eelco Herder","Erick Elejalde","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078724","Media bias, bias characterization, political quiz","false","News consumers expect news outlets to be objective and balanced in their reports of events. However, there is a body of evidence of bias in the media caused by underlying political and socio-economic viewpoints. Previous studies have tried to classify the partiality of the media, sometimes giving a quantitative evaluation, but there is little reported on its nature. The vast amount of content in the social media enables us to quantify the inclination of the press to either side of the political spectrum. To describe such tendencies, we use tweets to automatically compute a news outlet’s political and socio-economic orientation. We show that the media have a measurable bias, and illustrate this by showing the favoritism of Chilean media for the ruling political parties in this country. We also found that the nature of the bias is reflected in the vocabulary used and the entities mentioned by different news outlets. A survey conducted among news consumers confirms that media bias has an impact on the coverage of controversial topics and that this is perceivable by the general audience. Having a more accurate method to measure and characterize media bias will clarify to the readers where outlets stand within the socio-economic landscape, even when a self-declared position is stated. This will empower readers to better reflect on the content provided by their news outlets of choice."
1513523112,"There and Here: Patterns of Content Transclusion in Wikipedia","Anderson, Carr & Millard",2,1,25,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078726","Mark Anderson, Leslie Carr, David E. Millard","Mark Anderson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078726","Collaboration, Digital Curation, Hypertext, Transclusion, Wikipedia, Wikis","false","As large, collaboratively authored hypertexts such as Wikipedia grow so does the requirement both for organisational principles and methods to provide sustainable consistency and to ease the task of contributing editors. Large numbers of (potential) editors are not necessarily a suffcient bulwark against loss of coherence amongst a corpus of many discrete articles. The longitudinal task of curation may benefit from deliberate curatorial roles and techniques.
A potentially beneficial technique for the development and maintenance of hypertext content at scale is hypertext transclusion, by offering controllable re-use of a canonical source. In considering issues of longitudinal support of web collaborative hypertexts, we investigated the current degree and manner of adoption of transclusion facilities by editors of Wikipedia articles. We sampled 20 million articles from ten discrete language wikis within Wikipedia to analyse behaviour both within and across the individual Wikipedia communities.
We show that Wikipedia makes limited, inconsistent of use of transclusion (as at February 2016). Use is localised to subject areas, which differ between sampled languages. A limited number of patterns were observed including: Lists from transclusion, Lists of Lists, Episodic Media Listings, Tangles, Articles as Macros, and Self-Transclusion. We find little indication of deliberate structural maintenance of the hypertext."
1513523115,"Quantifying Location Sociality","Pang & Zhang",1,0,43,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078729","Jun Pang, Yang Zhang","Jun Pang","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078729","Online social networks, data mining, friendship prediction, location recommendation, location-based social networks","false","The emergence of location-based social networks provides an unprecedented chance to study the interaction between human mobility and social relations. This work is a step towards quantifying whether a location is suitable for conducting social activities, and the notion is named location sociality. Being able to quantify location sociality creates practical opportunities such as urban planning and location recommendation. To quantify a location’s sociality, we propose a mixture model of HITS and PageRank on a heterogeneous network linking users and locations. By exploiting millions of check-in data generated by Instagram users in New York and Los Angeles, we investigate the relation between location sociality and several location properties, including location categories, rating and popularity. We further perform two case studies, i.e., friendship prediction and location recommendation, experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of our quantification."
1513523120,"Demographics of News Sharing in the U.S. Twittersphere","Reis et al.",1,0,45,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078734","Julio C.S. Reis, Haewoon Kwak, Jisun An, Johnnatan Messias, Fabrício Benevenuto","Julio C.S. Reis","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078734","Demographics, News Sharing, Online News, Social Media, Twitter","false","The widespread adoption and dissemination of online news through social media systems have been revolutionizing many segments of our society and ultimately our daily lives. In these systems, users can play a central role as they share content to their friends. Despite that, little is known about news spreaders in social media. In this paper, we provide the first of its kind in-depth characterization of news spreaders in social media. In particular, we investigate their demographics, what kind of content they share, and the audience they reach. Among our main findings, we show that males and white users tend to be more active in terms of sharing news, biasing the news audience to the interests of these demographic groups. Our results also quantify differences in interests of news sharing across demographics, which has implications for personalized news digests."
1513523123,"Eatery: A Multi-Aspect Restaurant Rating System","Panchendrarajan et al.",1,0,39,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078737","Rrubaa Panchendrarajan, Nazick Ahamed, Prakhash Sivakumar, Brunthavan Murugaiah, Surangika Ranathunga, Akila Pemasiri","Rrubaa Panchendrarajan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078737","Rating system, aspect-level opinion mining, implicit aspect detection, text categorisation","false","This paper presents Eatery, a multi-aspect restaurant rating system that identifies rating values for different aspects of a restaurant by means of aspect-level sentiment analysis. Eatery uses a hierarchical taxonomy that represents relationships between various aspects of the restaurant domain that enables finding the sentiment score of an aspect as a composite sentiment score of its sub-aspects. The system consists of a word co-occurrence based technique to identify multiple implicit aspects appearing in a sentence of a review. An improved version of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain weights specific to a restaurant by utilizing the relationships between aspects, which allows finding the composite sentiment score for each aspect in the taxonomy. The system also has the ability to rate individual food items and food categories. An improved version of Single Pass Partition Method (SPPM) is used to categorise food names to obtain food categories."
1513523125,"A Hypervideo Model for Learning Objects","Busson et al.",1,0,36,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078739","Antonio José G. Busson, André Luiz de B. Damasceno, Roberto G. de A. Azevedo, Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, Thacyla de Sousa Lima, Sérgio Colcher","Antonio José G. Busson","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078739","Hypervideos, Learning Objects, SceneSync","false","Learning Objects (LOs) are entities that can be used, reused, or referred during the teaching process. They are commonly embedded into documents that establish spatial and temporal relationships on their contents. Hypervideos LOs allow students to individualize their learning experience with non-linear browsing mechanisms and content adaptation. This paper presents a survey of features for a set of documents representing such LOs as well as desirable aspects that should be expressed during the authoring phase. Also, this paper presents a conceptual model that fits such requirements. The model is implemented by SceneSync, a domain specific language focused on the synchronization and temporal behavior of LOs. As a result of the work, we present a set of LOs specified in SceneSync and a discussion about the identified features, which confirm the expressiveness and applicability of the model."
1513523127,"Tags, Titles or Q&As?: Choosing Content Descriptors for Visual Recommender Systems","Mutlu, Veas & Trattner",1,0,30,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078741","Belgin Mutlu, Eduardo Veas, Christoph Trattner","Belgin Mutlu","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078741","Recommending visualizations, information theory, personalization, user modeling","false","In today’s digital age with an increasing number of websites, social/learning platforms, and different computer-mediated communication systems, finding valuable information is a challenging and tedious task, regardless from which discipline a person is. However, visualizations have shown to be effective in dealing with huge datasets: because they are grounded on visual cognition, people understand them and can naturally perform visual operations such as clustering, filtering and comparing quantities. But, creating appropriate visual representations of data is also challenging: it requires domain knowledge, understanding of the data, and knowledge about task and user preferences. To tackle this issue, we have developed a recommender system that generates visualizations based on (i) a set of visual cognition rules/guidelines, and (ii) filters a subset considering user preferences. A user places interests on several aspects of a visualization, the task or problem it helps to solve, the operations it permits, or the features of the dataset it represents. This paper concentrates on characterizing user preferences, in particular: i) the sources of information used to describe the visualizations, the content descriptors respectively, and ii) the methods to produce the most suitable recommendations thereby. We consider three sources corresponding to different aspects of interest: a title that describes the chart, a question that can be answered with the chart (and the answer), and a collection of tags describing features of the chart. We investigate user-provided input based on these sources collected with a crowd-sourced study. Firstly, information-theoretic measures are applied to each source to determine the efficiency of the input in describing user preferences and visualization contents (user and item models). Secondly, the practicability of each input is evaluated with content-based recommender system. The overall methodology and results contribute methods for design and analysis of visual recommender systems. The findings in this paper highlight the inputs which can (i) effectively encode the content of the visualizations and user’s visual preferences/interest, and (ii) are more valuable for recommending personalized visualizations."
1513523128,"Linguistic Diversities of Demographic Groups in Twitter","Vikatos et al.",1,0,31,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078742","Pantelis Vikatos, Johnnatan Messias, Manoel Miranda, Fabrício Benevenuto","Pantelis Vikatos","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078742","Demographic Aspects, Linguistics, Twitter Analysis","false","The massive popularity of online social media provides a unique opportunity for researchers to study the linguistic characteristics and patterns of user’s interactions. In this paper, we provide an in-depth characterization of language usage across demographic groups in Twitter. In particular, we extract the gender and race of Twitter users located in the U.S. using advanced image processing algorithms from Face++. Then, we investigate how demographic groups (i.e. male/female, Asian/Black/White) differ in terms of linguistic styles and also their interests. We extract linguistic features from 6 categories (affective attributes, cognitive attributes, lexical density and awareness, temporal references, social and personal concerns, and interpersonal focus), in order to identify the similarities and differences in particular writing set of attributes. In addition, we extract the absolute ranking difference of top phrases between demographic groups. As a dimension of diversity, we also use the topics of interest that we retrieve from each user. Our analysis unveils clear differences in the writing styles (and the topics of interest) of different demographic groups, with variation seen across both gender and race lines. We hope our effort can stimulate the development of new studies related to demographic information in the online space."
1513523130,"Review Recommendation for Points of Interest's Owners","Prado & Moro",2,0,36,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078744","Thiago R.P. Prado, Mirella M. Moro","Thiago R.P. Prado","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078744","Review Recommendation, Social Networks","false","Websites that provide reviews for services and products deal with big volumes of data (many users writing many reviews for many items). Then, recommendation algorithms come to the rescue in matching reviews to the consumers who are reading them. Such online review applications usually recommend the most useful reviews for consumers to read. In this work, we propose a new perspective to this problem: how to evaluate the helpfulness of a review from the business owner’s perspective. Our solution uses the review’s aspects and sentiments, and ranks the most helpful ones seeking to assist establishment owners improve their businesses. Our experimental evaluations consider experts opinion and show that our solution is very close to the ideal ranking."
1513524013,"Stolperwege: An App for a Digital Public History of the Holocaust","Mehler et al.",4,1,12,"Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '17","2017","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3078714.3078748","Alexander Mehler, Giuseppe Abrami, Steffen Bruendel, Lisa Felder, Thomas Ostertag, Christian Spiekermann","Alexander Mehler","Demo","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3078714.3078748","","false","We present the Stolperwege app, a web-based framework for ubiquitous modeling of historical processes. Starting from the art project Stolpersteine of Gunter Demnig, it allows for virtually connecting these stumbling blocks with information about the biographies of victims of Nazism. According to the practice of public history, the aim of Stolperwege is to deepen public knowledge of the Holocaust in the context of our everyday environment. Stolperwege uses an information model that allows for modeling social networks of agents starting from information about portions of their life. The paper exemplifies how Stolperwege is informationally enriched by means of historical maps and 3D animations of (historical) buildings."
1531002414,"Detecting the Correlation between Sentiment and User-level as well as Text-Level Meta-data from Benchmark Corpora","Mishra & Diesner",1,1,26,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209562","Shubhanshu Mishra, Jana Diesner","Shubhanshu Mishra","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209562","Sentiment analysis, Social media data, Social media meta-data, Statistical analysis","false","Do tweets from users with similar Twitter characteristics have similar sentiments? What meta-data features of tweets and users correlate with tweet sentiment? In this paper, we address these two questions by analyzing six popular benchmark datasets where tweets are annotated with sentiment labels. We consider user-level as well as tweet-level meta-data features, and identify patterns and correlations of these feature with the log-odds for sentiment classes. We further strengthen our analysis by replicating this set of experiments on recent tweets from users present in our datasets; finding that most of the patterns are consistent across our analysis. Finally, we use our identified meta-data features as features for a sentiment classification algorithm, which results in around 2% increase in F1 score for sentiment classification, compared to text-only classifiers, along with a significant drop in KL-divergence. These results have potential to improve sentiment analysis applications on social media data."
1531002415,"Mining and Forecasting Career Trajectories of Music Artists","Arakelyan et al.",1,0,42,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209554","Shushan Arakelyan, Fred Morstatter, Margaret Martin, Emilio Ferrara, Aram Galstyan","Shushan Arakelyan","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209554","art and music, multidisciplinary topics and applications, networks","false","Many musicians, from up-and-comers to established artists, rely heavily on performing live to promote and disseminate their music. To advertise live shows, artists often use concert discovery platforms that make it easier for their fans to track tour dates. In this paper, we ask whether digital traces of live performances generated on those platforms can be used to understand career trajectories of artists. First, we present a new dataset we constructed by cross-referencing data from such platforms. We then demonstrate how this dataset can be used to mine and predict important career milestones for the musicians, such as signing by a major music label, or performing at a certain venue. Finally, we perform a temporal analysis of the bipartite artist-venue graph, and demonstrate that high centrality on this graph is correlated with success."
1531002421,"Privacy-Aware Tag Recommendation for Image Sharing","Tonge, Caragea & Squicciarini",2,0,33,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209574","Ashwini Tonge, Cornelia Caragea, Anna Squicciarini","Ashwini Tonge","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209574","Image tagging, Image’s privacy, Privacy-aware tag recommendation","false","Image tags are very important for indexing, sharing, searching, and surfacing images with private content that needs protection. As the tags are at the sole discretion of users, they tend to be noisy and incomplete. In this paper, we present a privacy-aware approach to automatic image tagging, which aims at improving the quality of user annotations, while also preserving the images’ original privacy sharing patterns. Precisely, we recommend potential tags for each target image by mining privacy-aware tags from the most similar images of the target image obtained from a large collection. Experimental results show that privacy-aware approach is able to predict accurate tags that can improve the performance of a downstream application on image privacy prediction. Crowd-sourcing predicted tags exhibit the quality of the recommended tags."
1531046390,"Bootstrapping Web Archive Collections from Social Media","Nwala, Weigle & Nelson",0,1,39,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209560","Alexander C. Nwala, Michele C. Weigle, Michael L. Nelson","Alexander C. Nwala","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209560","Collection evaluation, News, Social Media, Web Archiving","false","Human-generated collections of archived web pages are expensive to create, but provide a critical source of information for researchers studying historical events. Hand-selected collections of web pages about events shared by users on social media offer the opportunity for bootstrapping archived collections. We investigated if collections generated automatically and semi-automatically from social media sources such as Storify, Reddit, Twitter, and Wikipedia are similar to Archive-It human-generated collections. This is a challenging task because it requires comparing collections that may cater to different needs. It is also challenging to compare collections since there are many possible measures to use as a baseline for collection comparison: how does one narrow down this list to metrics that reflect if two collections are similar or dissimilar? We identified social media sources that may provide similar collections to Archive-It human-generated collections in two main steps. First, we explored the state of the art in collection comparison and defined a suite of seven measures (Collection Characterizing Suite - CCS) to describe the individual collections. Second, we calculated the distances between the CCS vectors of Archive-It collections and the CCS vectors of collections generated automatically and semi-automatically from social media sources, to identify social media collections most similar to Archive-It collections. The CCS distance comparison was done for three topics: “Ebola Virus,” “Hurricane Harvey,” and “2016 Pulse Nightclub Shooting.” Our results showed that social media sources such as Reddit, Storify, Twitter, and Wikipedia produce collections that are similar to Archive-It collections. Consequently, curators may consider extracting URIs from these sources in order to begin or augment collections about various news topics."
1531046397,"Studying the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Small-Scale Events in Twitter","Mousset, Pitarch & Tamine",1,0,34,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209561","Paul Mousset, Yoann Pitarch, Lynda Tamine","Paul Mousset","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209561","Small-scale event, entropy, focus, geo-tagged tweets","false","Small-scale events are emerging as attractive objects of research. On Twitter, small-scale events represent weak sensors that report things happening in specific times and places. While previous work addressed the issue of detecting such events, very little is known so far about their inherent properties. In this paper, our main objective was to analyse the spatio-temporal peculiarities of small-scale events w.r.t different levels of location granularity, and to understand the general trend of their propagation along their lifetimes. Our findings suggest that (1) users involved in small-scale events mostly gravitate not significantly far from the geographical focus; (2) events do not exhibit major peaks; and (3) there exists distinct events that we can identify from users’ posts that significantly differ from topic distribution, focus concentration and propagation distance perspectives across time."
1531046409,"Content Driven Enrichment of Formal Text using Concept Definitions and Applications","Jain et al.",0,1,15,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209566","Abhinav Jain, Nitin Gupta, Shashank Mujumdar, Sameep Mehta, Rishi Madhok","Abhinav Jain","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209566","Application Identification, Concept Graph, Content Enrichment, Deep Learning, Definition Extraction, Key Concepts","false","Formal text is objective, unambiguous and tends to have complex sentence construction intended to be understood by the target demographic. However, in the absence of domain knowledge it is imperative to define key concepts and their relationship in the text for correct interpretation for general readers. To address this, we propose a text enrichment framework that identifies the key concepts from input text, highlights definitions and fetches the definition from external data sources in case the concept is undefined. Beyond concept definitions, the system enriches the input text with concept applications and a pre-requisite concept graph that showcases the inter-dependency within the extracted concepts. While the problem of learning definition statements is attempted in literature, the task of learning application statements is novel. We manually annotated a dataset for training a deep learning network for identifying application statements in text. We quantitatively compared the results of both application and definition identification models with standard baselines. To validate the utility of the proposed framework for general readers, we report enrichment accuracy and show promising results."
1531046419,"SimilarHITs: Revealing the Role of Task Similarity in Microtask Crowdsourcing","Aipe & Gadiraju",2,0,27,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209558","Alan Aipe, Ujwal Gadiraju","Alan Aipe","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209558","Crowdsourcing, Microtasks, Performance, Task Similarity, Workers","false","Workers in microtask crowdsourcing systems typically consume different types of tasks. Task consumption is driven by the self-selection of workers in the most popular platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk and CrowdFlower. Workers typically complete tasks one after another in a chain. Prior works have revealed the impact of ordering tasks while considering aspects such as task complexity. However, little is understood about the benefits of considering task similarity in microtask chains. In this paper, we investigate the role of task similarity in microtask crowdsourcing and how it affects market dynamics. We identified different dimensions that affect the perception of task similarity among workers, and propose a supervised machine learning model to predict the overall task similarity of a task pair. Leveraging task similarity, we studied the effects of similarity on worker retention, satisfaction, boredom and fatigue. We reveal the impact of chaining tasks according to their similarity on worker accuracy and their task completion time. Our findings enrich the current understanding of crowd work and bear important implications on structuring workflow."
1531052851,"The StoryPlaces Platform: Building a Web-Based Locative Hypertext System","Hargood, Weal & Millard",12,4,35,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209559","Charlie Hargood, Mark J. Weal, David E. Millard","Charlie Hargood","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209559","Location-Based Narrative, Sculptural Hypertext","false","Locative narrative systems have been a popular area of research for nearly two decades, but they are often bespoke systems, developed for particular deployments, or to demonstrate novel technologies. This has meant that they are short-lived, the narratives have been constructed by the creators of the system, and that the barrier to creating locative experiences has remained high due to a lack of common tools. We set out to create a platform based on the commonalities of these historic systems, with a focus on hypertext structure, and designed to enable locative based narratives to be created, deployed, and experienced in-the-wild. The result is StoryPlaces, an open source locative hypertext platform and authoring tool designed around a sculptural hypertext engine and built with existing Web technologies. As well as providing an open platform for future development, StoryPlaces also offers novelty in its management of location, including the separation of location and nodes, of descriptions from locations, and of content from pages, as well as being designed to have run-time caching and disconnection resilience. It also advances the state of the art in sculptural hypertext systems delivery through conditional functions, and nested, geographic and temporal conditions. The StoryPlaces platform has been used for the public deployment of over twenty locative narratives, and demonstrates the effectiveness of a general platform for delivering complex locative narrative experiences. In this paper we describe the process of creating the platform and our insights on the design of locative hypertext platforms."
1531052856,"Mother: An Integrated Approach to Hypertext Domains","Atzenbeck, Roßner & Tzagarakis",15,4,44,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209570","Claus Atzenbeck, Daniel Roßner, Manolis Tzagarakis","Claus Atzenbeck","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209570","Asgard, CB-OHS, Hel, Midgard, Mother, hypertext infrastructure, navigational hypertext, open hypermedia systems","true","The idea to associate information with so-called links was developed by hypertext pioneers in the 1960s. In the 1990s the Dexter Hypertext Reference Model was developed with the goal to provide a general model for node-link hypertext systems. In the 1990s and 2000s there were important steps made for hypertext infrastructures, which led to component-based open hypermedia systems (CB-OHS). In this paper we provide a detailed description of node-link structures. We argue that Dexter does not match the need of CB-OHS, as it supports a mix of multiple structure domains. Based on the implementation of link support in our system Mother we demonstrate how Dexter needs to be tailored accordingly. We further describe Mother’s ability of node-link structures to interoperate with other available structure services and vice versa."
1531052860,"VAnnotatoR: A Framework for Generating Multimodal Hypertexts","Mehler et al.",7,1,37,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209572","Alexander Mehler, Giuseppe Abrami, Christian Spiekermann, Matthias Jostock","Alexander Mehler","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209572","augmented relatity, augmented virtuality, discourse annotation, discourse semantics, multimodal hypertexts, virtual reality","false","We present VAnnotatoR, a framework for generating so-called multimodal hypertexts. Based on Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), VAnnotatoR enables the annotation and linkage of semiotic aggregates (texts, images and their segments) with walk-on-able animations of places and buildings. In this way, spatial locations can be linked, for example, to temporal locations and Discourse Referents (ranging over temporal locations, agents, objects, or instruments etc. of actions) or to texts and images describing or depicting them, respectively. VAnnotatoR represents segments of texts or images, discourse referents and animations as interactive, manipulable 3D objects which can be networked to generate multimodal hypertexts. The paper introduces the underlying model of hyperlinks and exemplifies VAnnotatoR by means of a project in the area of public history, the so-called Stolperwege project."
1531053712,"Securing Social Media User Data: An Adversarial Approach","Beigi et al.",1,0,37,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209552","Ghazaleh Beigi, Kai Shu, Yanchao Zhang, Huan Liu","Ghazaleh Beigi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209552","","false","Social media users generate tremendous amounts of data. To better serve users, it is required to share the user-related data among researchers, advertisers and application developers. Publishing such data would raise more concerns on user privacy. To encourage data sharing and mitigate user privacy concerns, a number of anonymization and de-anonymization algorithms have been developed to help protect privacy of social media users. In this work, we propose a new adversarial attack specialized for social media data. We further provide a principled way to assess effectiveness of anonymizing different aspects of social media data. Our work sheds light on new privacy risks in social media data due to innate heterogeneity of user-generated data which require striking balance between sharing user data and protecting user privacy."
1531053734,"Sentiment-driven Community Profiling and Detection on Social Media","Salehi, Ozer & Davulcu",0,1,47,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3209565","Amin Salehi, Mert Ozer, Hasan Davulcu","Amin Salehi","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3209565","","false","Web 2.0 helps to expand the range and depth of conversation on many issues and facilitates the formation of online communities. Online communities draw various individuals together based on their common opinions on a core set of issues. Most existing community detection methods merely focus on discovering communities without providing any insight regarding the collective opinions of community members and the motives behind the formation of communities. Several efforts have been made to tackle this problem by presenting a set of keywords as a community profile. However, they neglect the positions of community members towards keywords, which play an important role for understanding communities in the highly polarized atmosphere of social media. To this end, we present a sentiment-driven community profiling and detection framework which aims to provide community profiles presenting positive and negative collective opinions of community members separately. With this regard, our framework initially extracts key expressions in users’ messages as representative of issues and then identifies users’ positive/negative attitudes towards these key expressions. Next, it uncovers a low-dimensional latent space in order to cluster users according to their opinions and social interactions (i.e., retweets). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework through quantitative and qualitative evaluations."
1531053738,"Intelligent Generative Locative Hyperstructure","Hargood, Charles & Millard",5,2,21,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3210574","Charlie Hargood, Fred Charles, David E. Millard","Charlie Hargood","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3210574","Location Querying, Location-Based Narrative, Narrative Generation","false","Locative Hypertext Narrative has seen a resurgence in the Hypertext and Interactive Narrative research communities over the last five years. However, while locative hypertext provides significant opportunities for rich locative applications for both education and entertainment, many applications in this space are tied to very specific locations, restricting their utility to local users. While this is necessary for some locative applications (such as tour guides), others make use of location as a thematic or contextual backdrop and as such could be effectively read in similar locations elsewhere. However, many locative systems are restricted to use specific prescribed locations, and systems that do generate locations do so in a simplistic manner, and often with mixed results. In this paper we propose a more intelligent generative approach to locative hypertext that will generate a locative structure for the user’s local area that both respects the thematic location demands of the piece and the effective patterns and structures of locative narrative.
[Winners of Blue Skies paper]"
1531053740,"As We May Hear: Our Slaves of Steel II","Bernstein",3,0,23,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3210575","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3210575","Hypertext, design, education, ethics, fiction, history of computing, hypermedia, implementation, literature","false","Our slaves of steel [4] explored some moral questions that arise from narrative with persistent digital agents. If we propose to her on the holodeck, can Ophelia conceivably consent to marry us? Here, we propose simple audio agents that are well within the capacity of current technology, and we explore the reader’s responsibility, if any, to care for persistent agents."
1531053743,"A Villain's Guide To Social Media And Web Science","Bernstein & Hooper",1,1,25,"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","","HT '18","2018","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3209542.3210576","Mark Bernstein, Clare Hooper","Mark Bernstein","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3209542.3210576","Hypertext, fiction, history of computing, implementation, literature, politics, social media, villainy","false","If we have not yet achieved planetary super-villainy on the desktop, it may be feasible to fit it into a suburban office suite. Social media and Web science permit the modern villain to deploy traditional cruelties to great and surprising effect. Because the impact of villainous techniques is radically asymmetric, our fetid plots are difficult and costly to foil."
1569103250,"Tear Down the Walls: An Exhibition of Hypertext & Participatory Narrative","Grigar",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3345459","Dene Grigar","Dene Grigar","Invited Talk","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3345459","","false","What does it mean to reunify different areas of scholarship surrounding hypertext and social media? The response this exhibition offers is: Reunification would include, not only papers by researchers, but also creative output by artists who use various hypertextual strategies and participatory involvement for producing highly experimental narratives. Included in this exhibition, therefore, are eight leading artists from Europe, North America, and Australia who explore 3D animation, mobile technology, hypertext platforms like Storyspace and Twine, and web languages for the purpose of storytelling. Coordinating with the conference theme, the exhibition shows how hypertext and social media can be used for human creative expression and so extends our understanding of these technologies. Works include John Barber & Greg Philbrook, Sound Spheres: Hyper Sound-Based Narratives; Mark Bernstein, Those Trojan Girls; Mez Breeze, A Place Called Ormalcy and V[R]ignettes: A VR Microstories Series; Serge BOUCHARDON and co-authors: Marion Coisnard, Martin Delabre, Maxime Garnier, Huichuan LI, Marie Margerand, Marion Schildknecht, Alexandre Truong, Nicolas Vigne, and Yihui Yang, “fred:-)”; J-B-W-E-L-L, TRAINING TO BE KING WHEN YOU BLOWN IT ONCE ALREADY: A short novel on the crime(s) of usurpation; Judy Malloy, The Yellow Bowl II; and John McDaid, We Knew The Glass Man.
[no references]"
1569103546,"Reflections on a Half-Century of Hypertext","van Dam",0,1,0,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344782","Andries van Dam","Andries van Dam","Keynote","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344782","","false","2019 marks not only the 30th anniversary of the falling of the Berlin Wall, but also the 50th anniversaries of equally momentous events of 1968-1969 in the US and elsewhere. Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were assassinated. Hippie “flower power” and the closely related anti-Vietnam war movement were socio-political revolutions. In Europe, 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the end of the “war to end all wars” and the 75th anniversary of D-Day. Counterpointing this societal turmoil, technology gave us hope. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon. Doug Engelbart and his team presented the “Mother of All Demos” of NLS at the ’68 Fall Joint Computer Conference. Ivan Sutherland’s pioneering Sketchpad (that demo’d interactive graphics in 1963) and Engelbart’s NLS demo were two landmark events that were early examples of interactive computing in an era of batch computation. Interactive computing on time-sharing systems, combined with microminiaturization, would lead more than a decade later to the birth of the personal computer. It caused a revolution in the dominant model of computing that was centered on large mainframes and minicomputers used for science and engineering, finance and commerce. Interactive computing based on computer graphics and its use in hypermedia systems characterizes most of my research career. In 2019, it is difficult to remember the impact that interaction-based information structuring and sharing had on society; it certainly shaped my research career. In this presentation, I will reflect on the development of five decades of hypermedia systems and will demo three systems that have been highlights of my journey in hyperland. First, I’ll show our FRESS hypertext system (still running 50-year old assembly code!), with the database of poetry used by a class of English students in 1976 in what is arguably the first online scholarly community. Next, I will demo our TAG (Touch Art Gallery) used by the Nobel Foundation a few years ago for a traveling exhibition on Alfred Nobel and all the Nobel Laureates. Finally, I’ll interweave the hypertext-centric parts of my talk with some source material stored in an unbounded 2D workspace, using our current hypermedia system Dash, which is still under development and in an early but already useful state. These systems will be presented in the context of the research trends that led, ultimately, to the interconnected society in which we live. All of us working on our first hypertext systems in the ‘60s understood the potential of this technology. What I did not predict is that 50 years later the revolution in human-centered computing would remain far too unfinished in terms of its positive societal impact. Indeed, that impact and utility are increasingly in jeopardy from a variety of forces, both economic and political. I will close with some thoughts on both deliberately designed and unanticipated societal issues of social media that I feel we technologists must urgently help address.
[no references]"
1569170866,"From NoteCards to Notebooks: There and Back Again","Bouvin",20,0,69,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343666","Niels Olof Bouvin","Niels Olof Bouvin","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343666","computational literacy, computational notebooks, end user programming, hypermedia, open hypermedia, world wide web","false","Fifty years since the beginning of the Internet, and three decades of the Dexter Hypertext Reference Model [38, 39] and the World Wide Web [6, 7] mark an opportune time to take stock and consider how hypermedia has developed, and in which direction it might be headed.
The modern Web has on one hand turned into a place where very few, very large companies control all major platforms with some highly unfortunately consequences. On the other hand, it has also led to the creation of a highly flexible and nigh ubiquitous set of technologies and practices, which can be used as the basis for future hypermedia research with the rise of computational notebooks as a prime example of a new kind of collaborative and highly malleable applications."
1569268719,"Hypertext as Method","Atzenbeck & Nürnberg",27,3,57,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343669","Claus Atzenbeck, Peter J. Nürnberg","Claus Atzenbeck","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343669","AI, augmentation, context, hypertext, hypertext history, infrastructure, intellect, intelligence, man-machine, research communities, structures","false","Historically, there has been a tendency to consider hypertext as a type of system, perhaps characterized by provision of links or other structure to users. In this paper, we consider hypertext as a method of inquiry, a way of viewing arbitrary systems. In this view, what are traditionally called “navigational hypertext systems” might be considered as information retrieval systems, “spatial hypertext systems” as brainstorming systems, etc., while their “hypertext” nature results from the way in which such systems are conceived, developed, and/or presented. The benefit of such a shift is the ability to apply this hypertextual method of inquiry to systems not normally considered part of the hypertext community. In this paper, we specifically apply this view to artificial intelligence, and examine how this application can be productive."
1569268720,"Man proposes, God disposes: Re-assessing Correspondences in Hypertext and Anti-Authorist Literary Theory","Brooker",5,2,80,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343649","Samuel Brooker","Samuel Brooker","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343649","Digital Humanities, Hypertext Fiction, Narrative","false","Second-wave criticism of literary hypertext fiction (2000-2010) consisted largely of reading studies and alternative semiotic models that challenged first wave assumptions (1992-1999) on empirical grounds. Focus on the phenomenology of reading did not directly question inconsistencies in the correspondence between Continental literary and hypertext theory. This paper argues that philosophical approaches to freedom found respectively in 1960s Continental literary theory and the Bay Area counterculture that influenced early digital computing are incompatible, despite being the foundation for early criticism of literary hypertext fiction. 1960s Continental literary theory emphasised a philosophical liberation from the author, with interpretation a demarcated and sacrosanct space outside the impositions of an author; contemporaneous computer and information science theorists, however, emphasised a framework within which the reader could access knowledge according to their need."
1569269736,"What is Hypertext Authoring?","Kitromili, Jordan & Millard",20,1,45,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343653","James Jordan, Sofia Kitromili, David E. Millard","Sofia Kitromili","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343653","authoring, authoring tools, digital interactive storytelling, hypertext, hypertext fiction, interactive fiction","false","Despite a proliferation of hypertext systems used for fiction, and accompanying authoring tools for those systems, relatively few studies have looked at what are the distinct activities involved in hypertext authoring. This has meant that research into authoring tools has not sufficiently targeted specific activities, leading to complexity for users, and confusion over what research findings actually mean. In this paper we present a systematic literature review and analysis of all the papers published in ACM Hypertext (since 1987) and the International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling (ICIDS since 2008, and preceding events ICVS and TIDSE 2001-2007) that describe a distinct authoring activity. We discover seventeen papers that between them cover six common activities: Training/Support, Planning, Visualising/Structuring. Writing, Editing, and Compiling/Testing, as well as a seventh category for non-common Advanced activities for specialist domains. Planning and Editing tend to treat structure and content as a duality, while Structuring and Writing treat them as separate aspects of the digital narrative. All six activities have foundations in the Hypertext conference in its first decade, and have seen somewhat of a resurgence of interest in ICIDS in the last decade - although overall numbers are surprisingly low, especially given the size of the proceedings reviewed, indicating how little is known about the human experience of hypertext authoring. Our findings will help structure the work of those studying hypertext authoring and help focus the efforts of those developing new authoring applications."
1569278524,"Using Multimodal and Hyperlinked Representations of Knowledge as Academic Writing Aids","Gómez-Zará, Chiuminatto & Nussbaum",5,0,39,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343645","Diego Gómez-Zará, Pablo Chiuminatto, Miguel Nussbaum","Diego Gómez-Zará","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343645","Hypermedia, information visualization, multimodality, text production, transmediation process","false","Representing knowledge in written papers may be one of the biggest challenges that students face in higher education. This study analyzes how hypermedia structures can facilitate students’ critical reflection on their papers by using multimodal resources. By converging academic writing, knowledge representation, and multimedia resources, we designed a hypermedia system that enables the visualization and representation of students’ papers using text, images, audio, hyperlinks, and videos. To test the system, we conducted a pilot study in which we instructed 160 undergraduate students to write a paper in the following three-step exercise: First, students submitted an initial draft of their papers. Then, they used the system to translate the papers’ content into different multimodal resources. Finally, they rewrote their papers with insights gained from the process. In a concluding survey, students reported that translating text to multimodal resources deepened their understanding of their papers’ content and improved their topic organization."
1569278525,"Visualization of the Relevance: Using Physics Simulations for Encoding Context","Roßner, Atzenbeck & Gross",10,2,34,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343659","Daniel Roßner, Claus Atzenbeck, Tom Gross","Daniel Roßner","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343659","Mother, semantics visualization, spatial hypertext","true","The task of organizing and retrieving knowledge is often elaborative and involves different types of media including digital or analog. In this paper we describe a system that is based on related research in the fields of spatial hypertext, information retrieval, and visualization. It utilizes a 2D space on which users can add, remove, or manipulate information entities (so-called user nodes) visually. A spatial parser recognizes the evolving structure and queries a knowledge base for helpful other information entities (so-called suggestions nodes). Similar to user nodes, those suggestions are presented as visual objects in the space. We propose a physics model to simulate their behavior. Their characteristics encode the relevance of suggestions to user nodes and to each other. This enables human recipients to interpret the given visual clues and, thus, identify information of interest. The way users organize nodes spatially influences the parsed spatial structures, i.e., the placement of suggestion nodes. This allows the creation of complex queries without any prior knowledge, yet the users do not have to be aware of that, because they can express their thoughts implicitly by manipulating their nodes. We discuss the strengths of a physics based simulation to encode context visually and point to open issues and potential solutions. On the basis of an implemented demonstrator we show the benefits compared to similar and related applications in the field of information visualization, especially when it comes to tasks where a high portion of creativity is involved and the information space is not well known."
1569278527,"Novella 2.0: A Hypertextual Architecture for Interactive Narrative in Games","Green, Hargood, & Charles",10,0,31,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343655","Daniel Green, Charlie Hargood, Fred Charles","Daniel Green","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343655","interactive narrative, narrative modeling, video games","false","The hypertext community has a history of research in Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN), including experimental works and systems to support authoring. Arguably the most prevalent contemporary form of IDN is within the world of computer games where a mixture of large-scale commercial works and smaller indie experimental pieces continue to develop new forms of interactive storytelling. We can explore these pieces through the lens of hypertextual theory and support them with hypertextual architectures, but there are unique challenges within modern game-based storytelling that these frameworks sometimes struggle to capture on a content level, leaving us in some cases with insufficient models and vocabulary. In this paper, we build upon previous work by presenting a discussion on techniques of modeling video game narrative. This is followed by thorough presentation and demonstration of our game-centric theoretical model of interactive narrative, Novella 2.0, which builds upon our previous contributions. This model is then positioned within a novel architecture for the authoring, interchange, integration, and simulation of video game narrative. We present alongside the architecture four key innovations towards supporting game narrative. We include support for Discoverable Narrative and other game narrative content alongside structural features in a deference of responsibility to game engines and our own approach to mixing calligraphic and sculptural hypertext structure."
1569278529,"Mapping Cultural Representations of Machine Vision: Developing Methods to Analyse Games, Art and Narratives","Rettberg, et al.",3,0,30,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343647","Jill Walker Rettberg, Marianne Gunderson, Linda Kronman, Ragnhild Solberg, Linn Heidi Stokkedal","Jill Walker Rettberg","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343647","Machine vision, computer games, computer vision, digital art, digital humanities, methodology, narratives, network analysis, science fiction","false","Machine vision technologies are increasingly ubiquitous in society and have become part of everyday life. However, the rapid adoption has led to ethical concerns relating to privacy, agency, bias and accuracy. This paper presents the methodology and preliminary results from a digital humanities project that maps and categorises references to and uses of machine vision in digital art, narratives and games in order to find patterns to help us analyse broader cultural understandings of machine vision in society. Understanding the cultural significance and valence of machine vision is crucial for developers of machine vision technologies, so that new technologies are designed to meet general needs and ethical concerns, and ultimately contribute to a better, more just society."
1569278530,"On Links: Exercises in Style","Mason & Bernstein",10,2,55,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343665","Stacey Mason, Mark Bernstein","Stacey Mason","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343665","Exercises in Style, hypertext, link poetics, links, poetics","false","Links are the most important new punctuation mark since the invention of the comma, but it has been years since the last in-depth discussions of link poetics. Taking inspiration Raymond Queneau’s Exercices De Style, we explore the poetics of contemporary link usage by offering exercises in which the same piece of text is divided and linked in different ways. We present three different exercises—varying the division of a text into lexia, varying links among lexia, and varying links within lexia—while pointing toward potential aesthetic considerations of each variation. Our exercises are intended descriptively, not prescriptively, as a conversational starting point for analysis and as a compendium of useful techniques upon which artists might build."
1569278531,"All We Do is 'Stalking': Studying New Forms of Reading in Social Networks","Antonini, Mejia, & Lupi",0,1,15,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343646","Alessio Antonini, Gustavo Gomez Mejia, Lucia Lupi","Alessio Antonini","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343646","Digital Humanities, Digital Reading, Profile Staking, Reading Experience, Social Media, Social Networks","false","A particular use of the term “stalking” is emerging in social networks to indicate a wide range of reading practices aimed to gain insight on a subject. As a new type of reading, “stalking” does not always have a negative connotation and it is not limited to the personal sphere but ranging from ludic to professional aims. Considering the preliminary results of a case study in the READ-IT project, this contribution wishes to engage the hypertext research community in considering “stalking” as a type of reading activity emerging from the unique features of social networks related both to “stalkers” (as hypertext readers), and to the “stalked” (as a type of contents) within the context of social networking platforms (as a type of medium and environment for reading)."
1569278532,"Narrating the Sociality of the Database: A Digital Hermeneutic Reading of The Atlas Group Archive and haikU","Ackermans",5,0,25,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343654","Hannah Ackermans","Hannah Ackermans","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343654","Database Narratives, Databases, Digital Hermeneutics, Digital Humanities, Electronic Literature","false","In this paper, I investigate the database characteristics of electronic literature that makes them into social forms. Database structures are both fragmented and relational, displaying hypertext characteristics. I approach The Atlas Group Archive [15] and haikU [24], two works of electronic literature, as examples of material and conceptual databases in order to explore the database function so saturated in our daily life. Both works highlight a database aesthetics [19], although the ways they do so are polar opposites. I analyze the works within the framework of digital hermeneutics [18], continuously considering the relationship between text and context, between parts and whole. I demonstrate how AGA is an explicit database, supposedly showing a ‘complete’ archive, whereas haikU is an implicit database that hides the corpus of sentences. I show the sociality of the databases, thematizing both the human process behind database formation as a whole, as well as how the individual elements influence the perception of the overall database. Finally, I take my findings to a broader perspective and consider what AGA and haikU can teach us about the materiality, conceptuality, and sociality of the omnipresent structure of the database."
1569278533,"Understanding User Search Behavior Across Varying Cognitive Levels","Kalyani & Gadiraju",1,0,31,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343643","Rishita Kalyani, Ujwal Gadiraju","Rishita Kalyani","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343643","","false","The ubiquitous accessibility of the world-wide web has led people to increasingly use web search to learn or acquire new knowledge. Recent research efforts have targeted the optimization of web search to satisfy learning related needs. However, there is little known about how one’s search interactions differ across varying cognitive levels that correspond to one’s learning. In this paper, we address this knowledge gap by investigating how the search interactions of 150 users vary across 6 search tasks corresponding to distinct cognitive levels. We also analyze how users’ knowledge gain varies across the cognitive levels. Our findings suggest that the cognitive learning level of a user in a search session has a significant impact on the user’s search behavior and knowledge gain. Estimating the cognitive level of users during their interactions with search systems will allow us to construct and improve learning experiences for the users. For example, learners can be served content that corresponds to their current cognitive level within their learning process."
1569278535,"Role of the Website Structure in the Diversity of Browsing Behaviors","Morales et al.",1,0,52,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343648","Pedro Ramaciotti Morales, Lionel Tabourier, Sylvain Ung, Christophe Prieur","Pedro Ramaciotti Morales","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343648","diversity, filter bubbles, log analysis, web-browsing patterns","false","The quantitative measurement of the diversity of information consumption has emerged as a prominent tool in the examination of relevant phenomena such as filter bubbles. This paper proposes an analysis of the diversity of the navigation of users inside a website through the analysis of server log files. The methodology, guided and illustrated by a case study, but easily applicable to other cases, establishes relations between types of users’ behavior, site structure, and diversity of web browsing. Using the navigation paths of sessions reconstructed from the log file, the proposed methodology offers three main insights: 1) it reveals diversification patterns associated with the page network structure, 2) it relates human browsing characteristics (such as multi-tabbing or click frequency) with the degree of diversity, and 3) it helps identifying diversification patterns specific to subsets of users. These results are in turn useful in the analysis of recommender systems and in the design of websites when there are diversity-related goals or constrains."
1569278536,"On the right track! Analysing and Predicting Navigation Success in Wikipedia","Koopmann et al.",1,0,30,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343650","Tobias Koopmann, Alexander Dallmann, Lena Hettinger, Thomas Niebler, Andreas Hotho","Tobias Koopmann","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343650","","false","Understanding and modeling user navigation behaviour in the web is of interest for different applications. For example, e-commerce portals can be adjusted to strengthen customer engagement or information sites can be optimized to improve the availability of relevant content to the user. In web navigation, the users goal and whether she reached it, is typically unknown. This makes navigation games particularly interesting to researchers, since they capture human navigation towards a known goal and allowbuilding labelled datasets suitable for supervised machine learning models. In this work, we show that a recurrent neural network model can predict game success from a partial click trail without knowledge of the users navigation goal. We evaluate our approach on data from WikiSpeedia and WikiGame, two well known navigation games and achieve an AUC of 86% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, we show that our model outperforms a baseline that leverages the navigation goal on the WikiSpeedia dataset. A detailed analysis of both datasets with regards to structural and content related properties reveals significant differences in navigation behaviour, which confirms the applicability of our approach to different settings."
1569283730,"Fake News Reading on Social Media: An Eye-tracking Study","Simko et al.",1,0,24,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343642","Jakub Simko, Martina Hanakova, Patrik Racsko, Matus Tomlein, Robert Moro, Maria Bielikova","Jakub Simko","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343642","eye tracking, fake news, misinformation, reading, social media, user study","false","The online spreading of fake news (and misinformation in general) has been recently identified as a major issue threatening entire societies. Much of this spreading was enabled by new media formats, namely social networks and online media sites. Researchers and practitioners have been trying to answer this by characterizing the fake news and devising automated methods for detecting them. The detection methods had so far only limited success, mostly due to the complexity of the news content and context and lack of properly annotated datasets. One possible way to boost the efficiency of automated misinformation detection methods, is to imitate the detection work of humans. In a broader sense of dealing with fake news spreading, it is also important to understand the news consumption behavior of online users. In this paper, we present an eye-tracking study, in which we let 44 participants to casually read through a social media feed containing posts with news articles. Some of the presented articles were fake. In a second run, we asked the participants to decide on the truthfulness of these articles. We present the description of the study, characteristics of the resulting dataset (which we hereby publish) and several findings."
1569283731,"Media Bias Characterization in Brazilian Presidential Elections","Sales, Balby & Veloso",1,0,38,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343656","Allan Sales, Leandro Balby, Adriano Veloso","Allan Sales","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343656","association, brazilian presidential elections, coverage, media bias, news outlets, subjectivity, text processing","false","News media bias is commonly associated with framing information so as to influence readers judgments. One way to expose such bias is to compare different news outlets on the same stories and look for divergences. In this paper, we investigate news media bias in the context of Brazilian presidential elections by comparing four popular news outlets during three consecutive election years (2010, 2014, and 2018). We analyse the textual content of news stories in search for three kinds of bias: coverage, association, and subjective language. Coverage bias has to do with differences in mention rates of candidates and parties. Association bias occurs when, for example, one candidate is associated with a negative concept while another not. Subjective bias, in turn, has to do with wording that attempts to influence the readers by appealing to emotion, stereotypes, or persuasive language. We perform a thorough analysis on a large scale news data set where several of such biases are exposed."
1569338374,"Identifying Biases in Politically Biased Wikis through Word Embeddings","Knoche et al.",1,0,18,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3343658","Florian Lemmerich, Markus Knoche, Markus Strohmaier, Radomir Popović","Markus Knoche","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3343658","Bias, Conservapedia, Embeddings, RationalWiki, Stereotypes, WEAT","false","With the increase of biased information available online, the importance of analysis and detection of such content has also significantly risen. In this paper, we aim to quantify different kinds of social biases using word embeddings. Towards this goal we train such embeddings on two politically biased MediaWiki instances, namely RationalWiki and Conservapedia. Additionally we included Wikipedia as an online encyclopedia, which is accepted by the general public. Utilizing and combining state-of-the-art word embedding models with WEAT and WEFAT, we display to what extent biases exist in the above-mentioned corpora. By comparing embeddings we observe interesting differences between different kinds of wikis."
1569338378,"An Infrastructure-Agnostic Model of Hypertext","Voß",5,0,14,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344922","Jakob Voß","Jakob Voß","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344922","","false","This short paper summarizes a new interpretation of the original vision of hypertext: infrastructure-agnostic hypertext is independent from specific formats and protocols. References to existing technologies for implementations are included nevertheless."
1569338382,"Privacy Preserving Text Representation Learning","Beigi et al.",1,0,7,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344925","Ghazaleh Beigi, Kai Shu, Ruocheng Guo, Suhang Wang, Huan Liu","Ghazaleh Beigi","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344925","","false","Online users generate tremendous amounts of textual information by participating in different online activities. This data provides opportunities for researchers and business partners to understand individuals. However, this user-generated textual data not only can reveal the identity of the user but also may contain individual’s private attribute information. Publishing the textual data thus compromises the privacy of users. It is challenging to design effective anonymization techniques for textual information which minimize the chances of re-identification and does not contain private information while retaining the textual semantic meaning. In this paper, we study this problem and propose a novel double privacy preserving text representation learning framework, DPText. We show the effectiveness of DPText in preserving privacy and utility."
1569338384,"Audience and Streamer Participation at Scale on Twitch","Flores-Saviaga et al.",1,0,9,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344926","Claudia Flores-Saviaga, Jessica Hammer, Juan Pablo Flores, Joseph Seering, Stuart Reeves, Saiph Savage","Claudia Flores-Saviaga","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344926","","false","Large-scale streaming platforms such as Twitch are becoming increasingly popular, but detailed audience-streamer interaction dynamics remain unexplored at scale. In this paper, we perform a mixed methods study on a dataset with over 12 million audience chat messages and 45 hours of streamed video to understand audience participation and streamer performance on Twitch. We uncover five types of streams based on size and audience participation styles, from small streams with close streamer-audience interactions to massive streams with the stadium-style audiences. We discuss challenges and opportunities emerging for streamers and audiences from each style and conclude by providing data-backed design implications that empower streamers, audiences, live streaming platforms, and game designers."
1569338388,"Multi-dataset-multi-task Neural Sequence Tagging for Information Extraction from Tweets","Mishra",3,0,12,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344929","Shubhanshu Mishra","Shubhanshu Mishra","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344929","","false","Multi-task learning is effective in reducing the required data for learning a task, while ensuring competitive accuracy with respect to single task learning. We study effectiveness of multi-dataset-multi-task learning in training neural models for four sequence tagging tasks for Twitter data, namely, part of speech (POS) tagging, chunking, super sense tagging, and named entity recognition (NER). We utilize—7 POS, 10 NER, 1 Chunking, and 2 super sense—tagged publicly available datasets. We use a multi-dataset-multi-task neural model based on pre-trained contextual text embeddings and compare it against single-dataset-single-task, and multi-dataset-single-task models. Even within a task, the tagging schemes may differ across datasets. The model learns using this tagging diversity across all datasets for a task. The models are more effective compared to single data/task models, leading to significant improvements for POS (1-2% acc., 7 datasets), NER (1-10% F1, 9 datasets), and chunking (4%). For super sense tagging there is 2% improvement in F1 for out of domain data. Our models and tools can be found at https://socialmediaie.github.io/"
1569338392,"Rewriting History: Towards Diagrammatic Hypertext for Digital Historiography","Frank",3,0,24,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3344932","Ingo Frank","Ingo Frank","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3344932","","false","It is argued that historians should make explicit their causal claims in their narrative explanations for better communication of research findings. The poster presents experiments for an approach towards visual historiography to support historical understanding. A case study from historical sociology demonstrates the added value of diagrammatic representation of causal narratives. The advantage of using diagrams with a hypertextual approach is that idiographic details can still be communicated through textual information in the hypertext nodes due to multimodal combination of diagram and written language. I suggest a semantic wiki with suitable domain ontologies as a tool for structured writing—i.e. modeling—of causal processes as described in causal narratives. As the approach enables the (re)presentation of history as diagram by means of diagrammatic reasoning according to Peircean semiotics I propose the label diagrammatic hypertext."
1569338398,"48 Hour Hypertext Challenge","Bernstein",3,0,10,"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","Tear Down The Wall","HT '19","2019","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3342220.3345458","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Panel","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342220.3345458","","false","A challenge was issued to members of the hypertext research community to create a complete hypertext fiction in no more than 48 hours of work. Writers were asked to submit the work as well as short reflections on issues of craft and technique they encountered in the course of the project. We expect the results of the challenge will present an opportunity for an engaging panel that could influence hypertext writing, pedagogy and technology."
1594732954,"What Authors Think about Hypertext Authoring","Kitromilli, Jordan & Millard",4,0,29,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404798","Sofia Kitromili, James Jordan, David E. Millard","Sofia Kitromili","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404798","authoring, authoring tools, authors, digital interactive narratives, digital interactive storytelling, hypertext fiction, interactive fiction","false","Despite significant research into authoring tools for interactive narratives and a number of established authoring platforms, there is still a lack of understanding around the authoring process itself, and the challenges that authors face when writing hypertext and other forms of interactive narratives. This has led to a monolithic view of authoring, which has hindered tool design, resulting in tools that can lack focus, or ignore important parts of the creative process. In order to understand how authors practise writing, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 interactive narrative authors. Using a qualitative analysis, we coded their comments to identify both processes and challenges, and then mapped these against each other in order to understand where issues occurred during the authoring process. In our previous work we were able to gather together a set of authoring steps that were relevant to interactive narratives through a review of the academic literature. Those steps were: Training/Support, Planning, Visualising/Structuring, Writing, Editing, and Compiling/Testing. In this work we discovered two additional authoring steps, Ideation and Publishing that had not been previously identified in our reviews of the academic literature - as these are practical concerns of authors that are invisible to researchers. For challenges we identified 18 codes under 5 themes, falling into 3 phases of development: Pre-production, where issues fall under User/Tool Misalignment and Documentation; Production, adding issues under Complexity and Programming Environment; and Post-production, replacing previous issues with longer term issues related to the narrative’s Lifecycle. Our work shows that the authoring problem goes beyond the technical difficulties of using a system, rather it is rooted in the common misalignment between the authors’ expectations and the tools capabilities, the fundamental tension between expressivity and complexity, and the invisibility of the edges of the process to researchers and tool builders. Our work suggests that a less monolithic view of authoring would allow designers to create more focused tools and address issues specifically at the places in which they occur."
1594732955,"Mediation as Calibration: A Framework for Evaluating the Author/Reader Relation","Antonini & Brooker",2,0,45,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404789","Alessio Antonini, Samuel Brooker","Alessio Antonini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404789","author-reader interaction, collaborative technologies, hypertext, media experience","false","Emerging communication technologies remediate and redefine relations between reader and author, but a comprehensive progressive framework for assessing this dynamic during the process of preparation, transmission, reception, and consumption of media remains elusive. Such a framework is of consequence for hypertext (and first generation electronic literature in particular). Speculative claims for its utility and equally reductive rejections of the reading experience it offers call for a model which assesses the calibration of the reader/author relationship from within the medium itself. This paper presents a first framework for assessing these dynamics both at the stage of authoring and reading. Within this analysis framework we identify eleven remediating factors conceived as scales between opposing tensions, and implement this model with reference to first generation electronic literature."
1594732956,"On Links To Be: Exercises in Style '2","Antonini, Benatti & Blackburn-Daniels",3,0,25,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404785","Alessio Antonini, Francesca Benatti, Sally Blackburn-Daniels","Alessio Antonini","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404785","annotation, marginalia, paratext","false","Conversion between different adaptive hypermedia systems has barely been proposed, yet alone tested in realistic settings. This paper presents the evaluation of the interoperability of two adaptive (educational) hypermedia systems, MOT and WHURLE. The evaluation is performed with the help of a class of thirty-one students enrolled in the fourth year of the “Politehnica” University of Bucharest, who were taking a one-week intensive course on Adaptive Hypermedia. This paper describes and interprets our first experiments of the “write once, deliver many” paradigm of adaptive hypermedia creation."
1594732959,"Augustine as “Naturalist of the Mind”","Simpson",5,0,15,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404814","Rosemary M. Simpson","Rosemary M. Simpson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404814","conceptual synthesis in a multi-dimensional concept space, digital humanities, representation of non-linear structure in humanities literature, scholarly research, scientific analysis of philosophical writing","false","This paper, Augustine as “Naturalist of the Mind”, is a linear portal to its associated graph-structured Tinderbox hypertext. The hypertext is one component of a research project arising out of a Philosophy seminar on Augustine as the preeminent bridge philosopher between the ancient world of Greece and Rome and the subsequent 1000 years of Western philosophy. The research project explores some surprising insights that emerged during this seminar from a deep study of Augustine’s Confessions: Book 10-Memory. The purpose of the Augustine as “Naturalist of the Mind” Tinderbox hypertext is not only to be a multi-dimensional resource base for the research but also to provide an exploratorium where new materials can be added, new relationships created, and new research directions can be discovered and pursued."
1594849417,"How to Assess the Exhaustiveness of Longitudinal Web Archives: A Case Study of the German Academic Web","Paris & Jäschke",2,0,22,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404836","Michael Paris, Robert Jäschke","Michael Paris","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404836","dataset, exhaustive, focused web crawl, longitudinal, web archive","false","Longitudinal web archives can be a foundation for investigating structural and content-based research questions. One prerequisite is that they contain a faithful representation of the relevant subset of the web. Therefore, an assessment of the authority of a given dataset with respect to a research question should precede the actual investigation. Next to proper creation and curation, this requires measures for estimating the potential of a longitudinal web archive to yield information about the central objects the research question aims to investigate. In particular, content-based research questions often lack the ab-initio confidence about the integrity of the data. In this paper we focus on one specifically important aspect, namely the exhaustiveness of the dataset with respect to the central objects. Therefore, we investigate the recall coverage of researcher names in a longitudinal academic web crawl over a seven year period and the influence of our crawl method on the dataset integrity. Additionally, we propose a method to estimate the amount of missing information as a means to describe the exhaustiveness of the crawl and motivate a use case for the presented corpus."
1594849422,"Thoughts Reflection Machine","Atzenbeck & Roßner",10,0,24,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404837","Claus Atzenbeck, Daniel Roßner","Claus Atzenbeck","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404837","ai, augmentation, context, cooperation, hypertext, infrastructure, intellect, intelligence, man-machine, structures, thinking","false","This blue sky paper presents the Thoughts Reflection Machine (TRM) which combines hypertext technologies and intelligent components. Using hypertext, the TRM provides means to its users to express or communicate their thoughts and ideas. Furthermore, the machine suggests relevant information that trigger users’ creative thinking. The TRM is an approach towards a tight cooperation between human and machine supporting both in their specific tasks in which they are most excellent in: creative problem solving respective computation of huge data sets."
1594849423,"Games/Hypertext","Millard",12,0,37,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404775","David E. Millard","David E. Millard","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404775","digital narrative, hypermedia, hypertext, interactive fiction, transmedia","false","The relationship between hypertext research and games design is not clear, despite the striking similarity between literary hypertexts and narrative games. This matters as different communities are now exploring hypertext, interactive fiction, electronic literature, and narrative games from different perspectives - but lack a common critical vocabulary or shared body of work with which they can communicate. In this paper I attempt to deconstruct the relationship between literary hypertext and narrative games. I do this through two lenses. Firstly, by looking at Hypertext as Games; with a specific set of mechanics based around textual lexia and link-following (but with a tradition of exploring alternative Strange Hypertext approaches) resulting in a dynamic of exploration and puzzle solving depending on whether agency is expressed at the level of Syuzhet or Fabula. Secondly, by looking at Games as Hypertexts; that depend heavily on textual content, use guard fields, patterns, and sculptural hypertext models to manage agency, that experiment with aporia and epiphany, and that take place within a wider interlinked transmedia experience. This analysis reveals that Narrative Games are both more and less than Hypertext, with a wider set of mechanics and interfaces, but possessed of a core hypertextuality and situated within a greater hypertext context. This suggests that there is much value to be gained from interactions between the communities invested in interactive narrative, and significant potential in the cross-pollination of ideas."
1594849427,"Hypertext as a Tool for Exploring Personal Data on Social Media","Herder, Roßner & Atzenbeck",1,0,3,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404831","Eelco Herder, Daniel Roßner, Claus Atzenbeck","Eelco Herder","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404831","","true","Social networks such as Facebook are required to provide users with their personal data. However, these dumps do not provide users insight in overarching themes in their online behavior. In this poster, we discuss the development of Mother, a spatial hypertext system for visual data exploration. First insights include that the less obvious connections are more interesting and relevant to the user than very close semantic or temporal connections."
1594891980,"Personalizing Information Exploration with an Open User Model","Rahdari, Brusilovsky & Babichenko",4,0,37,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404797","Behnam Rahdari, Peter Brusilovsky, Dmitriy Babichenko","Behnam Rahdari","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404797","exploratory search, information exploration, intelligent interface, knowledge graph, open user model, recommender system","false","Over the past two decades, several information exploration approaches were suggested to support a special category of search tasks known as exploratory search. These approaches creatively combined search, browsing, and information analysis steps shifting user efforts from recall (formulating a query) to recognition (i.e., selecting a link) and helping them to gradually learn more about the explored domain. More recently, a few projects demonstrated that personalising the process of information exploration with models of user interests can add value to information exploration systems. However, the current model-based information exploration interfaces are very sophisticated and focus on highly experienced users. The project presented in this paper attempted to assess the value of open user modeling in supporting personalized information exploration by novice users. We present an information exploration system with an open and controllable user model, which supports undergraduate students in finding research advisors. A controlled study of this system with target users demonstrated its advantage over a traditional search interface and revealed interesting aspects of user behavior in a model-based interface."
1594891981,"Text2SceneVR: Generating Hypertexts with VAnnotatoR as a Pre-processing Step for Text2Scene Systems","Abrami et al.",5,0,85,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404791","Giuseppe Abrami, Alexander Henlein, Attila Kett, Alexander Mehler","Giuseppe Abrami","Full paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404791","3d annotations, spatial hypertext, text2scene, vannotator, virtual reality","false","The automatic generation of digital scenes from texts is a central task of computer science. This task requires a kind of text comprehension, the automation of which is tied to the availability of sufficiently large, diverse and deeply annotated data, which is freely available. This paper introduces Text2SceneVR, a system that addresses this bottleneck problem by allowing its users to create a sort of spatial hypertexts in Virtual Reality (VR). We describe Text2SceneVR’s data model, its user interface and a number of problems related to the implicitness of natural language in the manifestation of spatial relations that Text2SceneVR aims to address while trying to remain language independent. Finally, we present a user study with which we evaluated Text2SceneVR."
1594892756,"Docuverse Despatch: Information Farming for the Collective","Anderson",7,0,33,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404774","Mark W. R. Anderson","Mark W. R. Anderson","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404774","collaborative working, docusphere, hypertext, information farming, knowledge management, linkbases, links, metadata, trails, transclusion, wikipedia, wikis","false","Since the 1993 paper on Information Farming[5], hypertext has grown in scale and in the degree of its collective editing and use. This paper reflects on what these changes in scale and volume mean for the task of the information farmer and asks if we understand the skills and tools needed for the task of sustaining the docusphere."
1594892762,"Bad Character: Who do We Want our Hypertexts to Be?","Bernstein",3,0,32,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404777","Mark Bernstein","Mark Bernstein","Short paper","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404777","hypertext, literature fiction agents design","false","We frequently assume that adaptive hypertexts ought to adopt the customs, habits and inclinations of the reader, that our computational assistants ought to act as reliable servants, and that users - even new users - ought to like the hypertextual artifacts we create. This might be a mistake."
1594896751,"Towards Extending Wikipedia with Bidirectional Links","Olewniczak, Boiński & Szymański",2,0,5,"Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media","HYPERTEXT for Social Good","","2020","https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3372923.3404841","Szymon Olewniczak, Tomasz Boiński, Julian Szymański","Szymon Olewniczak","Poster","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3372923.3404841","","false","In this paper, we present the results of our WikiLinks project which aims at extending current Wikipedia linkage mechanisms. Wikipedia has become recently one of the most important information sources on the Internet, which still is based on relatively simple linkage facilities. A WikiLinks system extends the Wikipedia with bidirectional links between fragments of articles. However, there were several attempts to introduce bidirectional fragment-fragment links to the Web, WikiLinks project is the first attempt to bring the new linkage mechanism directly to Wikipedia."