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Labeling and probing the silica surface using mechanochemistry and 17O NMR spectroscopy

Labeling and probing the silica surface using mechanochemistry and 17O NMR spectroscopy
Labeling and probing the silica surface using mechanochemistry and 17O NMR spectroscopy
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing cost-efficient, fast, and user-friendly 17O enrichment protocols to help to understand the structure and reactivity of materials by using 17O NMR spectroscopy. Here, we show for the first time how ball milling (BM) can be used to selectively and efficiently enrich the surface of fumed silica, which is widely used at industrial scale. Short milling times (up to 15 min) allowed modulation of the enrichment level (up to ca. 5 %) without significantly changing the nature of the material. High-precision 17O compositions were measured at different milling times by using large-geometry secondary-ion mass spectrometry (LG-SIMS). High-resolution 17O NMR analyses (including at 35.2 T) allowed clear identification of the signals from siloxane (Si−O−Si) and silanols (Si−OH), while DNP analyses, performed by using direct 17O polarization and indirect 17O{1H} CP excitation, agreed with selective labeling of the surface. Information on the distribution of Si−OH environments at the surface was obtained from 2D 1H−17O D-HMQC correlations. Finally, the surface-labeled silica was reacted with titania and using 17O DNP, their common interface was probed and Si−O−Ti bonds identified.
17O, mechanochemistry, silica, solid state nmr spectroscopy, surface chemistry
0947-6539
12574-12588
Chen, Chia Hsin
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Mentink-Vigier, Frédéric
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Trébosc, Julien
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Goldberga, Ieva
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Gaveau, Philippe
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Thomassot, Emilie
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Iuga, Dinu
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Smith, Mark
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Chen, Kuizhi
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Gan, Zhehong
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Fabregue, Nicolas
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Métro, Thomas Xavier
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Alonso, Bruno
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Laurencin, Danielle
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Chen, Chia Hsin
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Mentink-Vigier, Frédéric
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Trébosc, Julien
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Goldberga, Ieva
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Gaveau, Philippe
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Thomassot, Emilie
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Iuga, Dinu
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Smith, Mark
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Chen, Kuizhi
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Gan, Zhehong
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Fabregue, Nicolas
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Métro, Thomas Xavier
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Alonso, Bruno
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Laurencin, Danielle
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Chen, Chia Hsin, Mentink-Vigier, Frédéric, Trébosc, Julien, Goldberga, Ieva, Gaveau, Philippe, Thomassot, Emilie, Iuga, Dinu, Smith, Mark, Chen, Kuizhi, Gan, Zhehong, Fabregue, Nicolas, Métro, Thomas Xavier, Alonso, Bruno and Laurencin, Danielle (2021) Labeling and probing the silica surface using mechanochemistry and 17O NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry - A European Journal, 27 (49), 12574-12588. (doi:10.1002/chem.202101421).

Record type: Article

Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing cost-efficient, fast, and user-friendly 17O enrichment protocols to help to understand the structure and reactivity of materials by using 17O NMR spectroscopy. Here, we show for the first time how ball milling (BM) can be used to selectively and efficiently enrich the surface of fumed silica, which is widely used at industrial scale. Short milling times (up to 15 min) allowed modulation of the enrichment level (up to ca. 5 %) without significantly changing the nature of the material. High-precision 17O compositions were measured at different milling times by using large-geometry secondary-ion mass spectrometry (LG-SIMS). High-resolution 17O NMR analyses (including at 35.2 T) allowed clear identification of the signals from siloxane (Si−O−Si) and silanols (Si−OH), while DNP analyses, performed by using direct 17O polarization and indirect 17O{1H} CP excitation, agreed with selective labeling of the surface. Information on the distribution of Si−OH environments at the surface was obtained from 2D 1H−17O D-HMQC correlations. Finally, the surface-labeled silica was reacted with titania and using 17O DNP, their common interface was probed and Si−O−Ti bonds identified.

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e-pub ahead of print date: 15 June 2021
Published date: 1 September 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 772204; 2017 ERC‐COG, MISOTOP project). A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR‐1644779, the State of Florida and the United States Department of Energy. The MAS‐DNP system at the NHMFL is funded in part by NIH S10 OD018519 and P41 GM122698. Financial support from the IR‐RMN‐THC Fr3050 CNRS for conducting part of the high‐field NMR experiments is gratefully acknowledged. The UK 850 MHz solid‐state NMR Facility used in this research was funded by EPSRC and BBSRC, as well as the University of Warwick including via part funding through Birmingham Science City Advanced Materials Projects 1 and 2 supported by Advantage West Midlands (AWM) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Powder X‐ray diffraction, SEM and TEM characterizations were performed with the support of the local Balard Plateforme d'Analyses et de Caractérisation (PAC Balard). The CRPG Ion Probe facility (Nancy, France) where SIMS analyses were performed is acknowledged, and Nordine Bouden is thanked for his assistance in the measurements. Prof. C. Gervais (Sorbonne Université, Paris) is acknowledged for discussions on silica surface modeling. We thank Dr. Anne Alexandre in CEREGE (Aix en Provence) for IRMS measurements. Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 772204; 2017 ERC-COG, MISOTOP project). A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1644779, the State of Florida and the United States Department of Energy. The MAS-DNP system at the NHMFL is funded in part by NIH S10 OD018519 and P41 GM122698. Financial support from the IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS for conducting part of the high-field NMR experiments is gratefully acknowledged. The UK 850 MHz solid-state NMR Facility used in this research was funded by EPSRC and BBSRC, as well as the University of Warwick including via part funding through Birmingham Science City Advanced Materials Projects 1 and 2 supported by Advantage West Midlands (AWM) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Powder X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM characterizations were performed with the support of the local Balard Plateforme d'Analyses et de Caract?risation (PAC Balard). The CRPG Ion Probe facility (Nancy, France) where SIMS analyses were performed is acknowledged, and Nordine Bouden is thanked for his assistance in the measurements. Prof. C. Gervais (Sorbonne Universit?, Paris) is acknowledged for discussions on silica surface modeling. We thank Dr. Anne Alexandre in CEREGE (Aix en Provence) for IRMS measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
Keywords: 17O, mechanochemistry, silica, solid state nmr spectroscopy, surface chemistry

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Local EPrints ID: 450564
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/450564
ISSN: 0947-6539
PURE UUID: 82d1a12c-66d0-4e1a-9a3a-14d81ccf49f2

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Date deposited: 04 Aug 2021 16:31
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 13:15

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Contributors

Author: Chia Hsin Chen
Author: Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
Author: Julien Trébosc
Author: Ieva Goldberga
Author: Philippe Gaveau
Author: Emilie Thomassot
Author: Dinu Iuga
Author: Mark Smith
Author: Kuizhi Chen
Author: Zhehong Gan
Author: Nicolas Fabregue
Author: Thomas Xavier Métro
Author: Bruno Alonso
Author: Danielle Laurencin

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