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Route to zero emission shipping: hydrogen, ammonia or methanol?

Route to zero emission shipping: hydrogen, ammonia or methanol?
Route to zero emission shipping: hydrogen, ammonia or methanol?
To achieve climate change targets, new ship orders should be capable of delivering zero emission propulsion from 2025. The pathway towards this is unclear and requires significant investment. This study analyses the engineering considerations of the storage of alternative fuels on board large scale international vessels, with a particular focus on ammonia, hydrogen and methanol. Analysis of raw shipping data shows the maximum expected propulsion demand per voyage was 9270 MWh. The volume and mass requirements for alternative fuels to deliver this are projected and compared
to three further methods for estimating fuel storage considering: storage infrastructure; desired design range; both. This shows that a reduction of fuel storage quantities to closer to actual expected usage results in more realistic storage requirements. Also, hydrogen has a perceived low volumetric energy density, however the calculated volume required (6500 m3
for liquid storage) is not sufficiently high to be considered inviable.
Ammonia, electrolysis, future fuels, hydrogen, methanol, zero emission shipping
0360-3199
28282-28297
McKinlay, Charles, John
70c883f4-2e6c-4790-a120-ee6caf41cb57
Turnock, Stephen
d6442f5c-d9af-4fdb-8406-7c79a92b26ce
Hudson, Dominic
3814e08b-1993-4e78-b5a4-2598c40af8e7
McKinlay, Charles, John
70c883f4-2e6c-4790-a120-ee6caf41cb57
Turnock, Stephen
d6442f5c-d9af-4fdb-8406-7c79a92b26ce
Hudson, Dominic
3814e08b-1993-4e78-b5a4-2598c40af8e7

McKinlay, Charles, John, Turnock, Stephen and Hudson, Dominic (2021) Route to zero emission shipping: hydrogen, ammonia or methanol? International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46 (55), 28282-28297. (doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.06.066).

Record type: Article

Abstract

To achieve climate change targets, new ship orders should be capable of delivering zero emission propulsion from 2025. The pathway towards this is unclear and requires significant investment. This study analyses the engineering considerations of the storage of alternative fuels on board large scale international vessels, with a particular focus on ammonia, hydrogen and methanol. Analysis of raw shipping data shows the maximum expected propulsion demand per voyage was 9270 MWh. The volume and mass requirements for alternative fuels to deliver this are projected and compared
to three further methods for estimating fuel storage considering: storage infrastructure; desired design range; both. This shows that a reduction of fuel storage quantities to closer to actual expected usage results in more realistic storage requirements. Also, hydrogen has a perceived low volumetric energy density, however the calculated volume required (6500 m3
for liquid storage) is not sufficiently high to be considered inviable.

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Accepted/In Press date: 9 June 2021
e-pub ahead of print date: 9 July 2021
Published date: 10 August 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: For my PhD, I am funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the Centre for Doctoral Training in Energy Storage and its Applications (Grant No. EP/L016818/1 ), and also partially (49%) by an industrial sponsor: Shell International Trading and Shipping Company Limited. Our work is impartial and we have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Keywords: Ammonia, electrolysis, future fuels, hydrogen, methanol, zero emission shipping

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 450738
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/450738
ISSN: 0360-3199
PURE UUID: 141ad530-dcbd-425e-bce7-7a568b78fdc6
ORCID for Charles, John McKinlay: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-0271
ORCID for Stephen Turnock: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-0400
ORCID for Dominic Hudson: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-6255

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Date deposited: 10 Aug 2021 16:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 06:45

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Contributors

Author: Charles, John McKinlay ORCID iD
Author: Stephen Turnock ORCID iD
Author: Dominic Hudson ORCID iD

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