The University of Southampton
University of Southampton Institutional Repository

XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows

XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows
XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars and, perhaps, black holes. Above the Eddington rate the disc is expected to thicken and to launch powerful winds through radiation pressure. Winds have been recently discovered in several ULXs. However, it is yet unclear whether the thickening of the disc or the wind variability causes the switch between the classical soft and supersoft states observed in some ULXs. In order to understand such phenomenology and the overall super-Eddington mechanism, we undertook a large (800 ks) observing campaign with XMM-Newton to study NGC 247 ULX-1, which shifts between a supersoft and classical soft ULX state. The new observations show unambiguous evidence of a wind in the form of emission and absorption lines from highly ionized ionic species, with the latter indicating a mildly relativistic outflow (−0.17c) in line with the detections in other ULXs. Strong dipping activity is observed in the light curve and primarily during the brightest observations, which is typical among soft ULXs, and indicates a close relationship between the accretion rate and the appearance of the dips. The latter is likely due to a thickening of the disc scale height and the wind as shown by a progressively increasing blueshift in the spectral lines.

Accretion, accretion discs, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: NGC 247 ULX-1
1365-2966
5058-5074
Pinto, C.
3331e9ac-b6c6-4967-af51-3bbce228c1c4
Soria, R.
578c744c-5826-4464-8e8d-8b4a311a7c45
Walton, D.J.
bae7f86c-ae92-47fa-b0da-598690f46549
D’A`ı, A.
520e7ad8-df43-411a-a43e-1b2094ceb73d
Pintore, Fabio
72e13609-e283-4888-9d6d-a07279db9cd3
Alston, W.N.
9f6f1ebc-0d00-4dac-8380-f232a530de2b
Fuerst, F.
c2ae803d-d7e8-46fa-a04f-5b57ceb3303a
Middleton, Matthew
f91b89d9-fd2e-42ec-aa99-1249f08a52ad
Roberts, T.P.
edf48700-c271-4251-9c66-d393461442cc
Del Santo, M.
b192413a-dcb9-4bd4-b3ba-1c689b75cb93
Barret, D.
d433f77a-8014-4933-83c7-1720f0561168
Ambrosi, E.
436195d6-def4-441d-bb71-14851b10523f
Robba, A.
ae496fde-8e23-4e98-b83f-5dab84907533
Earnshaw, H.
dea29876-6a76-4f8d-82f2-be267bc26494
Fabian, A.C.
0c353376-f159-4129-b03e-d3993c0c5406
Pinto, C.
3331e9ac-b6c6-4967-af51-3bbce228c1c4
Soria, R.
578c744c-5826-4464-8e8d-8b4a311a7c45
Walton, D.J.
bae7f86c-ae92-47fa-b0da-598690f46549
D’A`ı, A.
520e7ad8-df43-411a-a43e-1b2094ceb73d
Pintore, Fabio
72e13609-e283-4888-9d6d-a07279db9cd3
Alston, W.N.
9f6f1ebc-0d00-4dac-8380-f232a530de2b
Fuerst, F.
c2ae803d-d7e8-46fa-a04f-5b57ceb3303a
Middleton, Matthew
f91b89d9-fd2e-42ec-aa99-1249f08a52ad
Roberts, T.P.
edf48700-c271-4251-9c66-d393461442cc
Del Santo, M.
b192413a-dcb9-4bd4-b3ba-1c689b75cb93
Barret, D.
d433f77a-8014-4933-83c7-1720f0561168
Ambrosi, E.
436195d6-def4-441d-bb71-14851b10523f
Robba, A.
ae496fde-8e23-4e98-b83f-5dab84907533
Earnshaw, H.
dea29876-6a76-4f8d-82f2-be267bc26494
Fabian, A.C.
0c353376-f159-4129-b03e-d3993c0c5406

Pinto, C., Soria, R., Walton, D.J., D’A`ı, A., Pintore, Fabio, Alston, W.N., Fuerst, F., Middleton, Matthew, Roberts, T.P., Del Santo, M., Barret, D., Ambrosi, E., Robba, A., Earnshaw, H. and Fabian, A.C. (2021) XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1: outflows. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 505 (4), 5058-5074. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1648).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accreting neutron stars and, perhaps, black holes. Above the Eddington rate the disc is expected to thicken and to launch powerful winds through radiation pressure. Winds have been recently discovered in several ULXs. However, it is yet unclear whether the thickening of the disc or the wind variability causes the switch between the classical soft and supersoft states observed in some ULXs. In order to understand such phenomenology and the overall super-Eddington mechanism, we undertook a large (800 ks) observing campaign with XMM-Newton to study NGC 247 ULX-1, which shifts between a supersoft and classical soft ULX state. The new observations show unambiguous evidence of a wind in the form of emission and absorption lines from highly ionized ionic species, with the latter indicating a mildly relativistic outflow (−0.17c) in line with the detections in other ULXs. Strong dipping activity is observed in the light curve and primarily during the brightest observations, which is typical among soft ULXs, and indicates a close relationship between the accretion rate and the appearance of the dips. The latter is likely due to a thickening of the disc scale height and the wind as shown by a progressively increasing blueshift in the spectral lines.

Text
XMM-Newton campaign on the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 247 ULX-1_ outflows - Accepted Manuscript
Download (4MB)

More information

Accepted/In Press date: 3 June 2021
Published date: 1 August 2021
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society
Keywords: Accretion, accretion discs, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: NGC 247 ULX-1

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 450921
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/450921
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: 93e92073-2017-4d09-86e7-bd274b0e3676

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 20 Aug 2021 16:40
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 13:37

Export record

Altmetrics

Contributors

Author: C. Pinto
Author: R. Soria
Author: D.J. Walton
Author: A. D’A`ı
Author: Fabio Pintore
Author: W.N. Alston
Author: F. Fuerst
Author: T.P. Roberts
Author: M. Del Santo
Author: D. Barret
Author: E. Ambrosi
Author: A. Robba
Author: H. Earnshaw
Author: A.C. Fabian

Download statistics

Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.

View more statistics

Atom RSS 1.0 RSS 2.0

Contact ePrints Soton: eprints@soton.ac.uk

ePrints Soton supports OAI 2.0 with a base URL of http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/cgi/oai2

This repository has been built using EPrints software, developed at the University of Southampton, but available to everyone to use.

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we will assume that you are happy to receive cookies on the University of Southampton website.

×