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New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae

New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae
New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae
Spinosaurids are among the most distinctive and yet poorly-known of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs, a situation exacerbated by their mostly fragmentary fossil record and competing views regarding their palaeobiology. Here, we report two new Early Cretaceous spinosaurid specimens from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight. Large-scale phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian techniques recover the pair in a new clade within Baryonychinae that also includes the hypodigm of the African spinosaurid Suchomimus. Both specimens represent distinct and novel taxa, herein named Ceratosuchops inferodios gen. et sp. nov. and Riparovenator milnerae gen. et sp. nov. A palaeogeographic reconstruction suggests a European origin for Spinosauridae, with at least two dispersal events into Africa. These new finds provide welcome information on poorly sampled areas of spinosaurid anatomy, suggest that sympatry was present and potentially common in baryonychines and spinosaurids as a whole, and contribute to updated palaeobiogeographic reconstructions for the clade.
2045-2322
Barker, Christopher, Tijani
38e55dfa-2358-4f84-9a1f-e2d0c60ea8c2
Hone, David W.E.
34ab053c-9e0d-4a46-818b-ca1b8d89381a
Naish, Darren
6cd448f6-99cc-4c45-93d1-bdd24ee3d281
Cau, Andrea
664e02a9-f4ff-460c-b5ff-2c4c9cc41247
Lockwood, Jeremy A.F.
df85e113-c842-45b2-8d23-1e034c61aa9d
Foster, Brian
d91181bb-cc7d-4d61-bc5a-0e2e224b070c
Clarkin, Claire E.
05cd2a88-1127-41aa-a29b-7ac323b4f3c9
Schneider, Philipp
a810f925-4808-44e4-8a4a-a51586f9d7ad
Gostling, Neil J.
4840aa40-cb6c-4112-a0b9-694a869523fc
Barker, Christopher, Tijani
38e55dfa-2358-4f84-9a1f-e2d0c60ea8c2
Hone, David W.E.
34ab053c-9e0d-4a46-818b-ca1b8d89381a
Naish, Darren
6cd448f6-99cc-4c45-93d1-bdd24ee3d281
Cau, Andrea
664e02a9-f4ff-460c-b5ff-2c4c9cc41247
Lockwood, Jeremy A.F.
df85e113-c842-45b2-8d23-1e034c61aa9d
Foster, Brian
d91181bb-cc7d-4d61-bc5a-0e2e224b070c
Clarkin, Claire E.
05cd2a88-1127-41aa-a29b-7ac323b4f3c9
Schneider, Philipp
a810f925-4808-44e4-8a4a-a51586f9d7ad
Gostling, Neil J.
4840aa40-cb6c-4112-a0b9-694a869523fc

Barker, Christopher, Tijani, Hone, David W.E., Naish, Darren, Cau, Andrea, Lockwood, Jeremy A.F., Foster, Brian, Clarkin, Claire E., Schneider, Philipp and Gostling, Neil J. (2021) New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), [19340]. (doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97870-8).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Spinosaurids are among the most distinctive and yet poorly-known of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs, a situation exacerbated by their mostly fragmentary fossil record and competing views regarding their palaeobiology. Here, we report two new Early Cretaceous spinosaurid specimens from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight. Large-scale phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian techniques recover the pair in a new clade within Baryonychinae that also includes the hypodigm of the African spinosaurid Suchomimus. Both specimens represent distinct and novel taxa, herein named Ceratosuchops inferodios gen. et sp. nov. and Riparovenator milnerae gen. et sp. nov. A palaeogeographic reconstruction suggests a European origin for Spinosauridae, with at least two dispersal events into Africa. These new finds provide welcome information on poorly sampled areas of spinosaurid anatomy, suggest that sympatry was present and potentially common in baryonychines and spinosaurids as a whole, and contribute to updated palaeobiogeographic reconstructions for the clade.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 26 August 2021
Published date: 29 September 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: We thank Martin Munt and Alex Peaker (Dinosaur Isle Museum, Sandown) for access to specimens and help with the stratigraphic relationship of the fossils; Gary Blackwell, Martin New, Eleanor Foxwell (Dinosaur Isle Museum) and Shaun Smith for preparation of the material; Martin Munt, Gary Blackwell and Alex Peaker, as well as volunteers Eleanor Foxwell, Callum Atkinson, Steve Hutt and Trudie Wilson, who helped excavate the site in 2017; Tim Medland, Andrew Cocks, Jon and Lou Moody, and Shaun Smith for donating their finds to the museum; Kai Bailey for finding and preparing remains attributable to Ceratosuchops; Replicate 3D for providing printed models; Susie Maidment (Natural History Museum, London) for providing access to the Baryonyx type specimen; Serjoscha Evers (University of Fribourg), Simone Maganuco (Natural History Museum of Milan) and Marco Schade (University of Greifswald) for providing additional imagery and discussion of Suchomimus, spinosaurid material from the Kem Kem beds, and Irritator respectively; Christophe Hendrickx for comments regarding spinosaurid dental variation, and John Radley for discussions regarding Wealden geology. We also thank Dan Folkes (University of Bristol), Scott Hartman (University of Wisconsin-Maddison) and Alex Vieira for the skeletals and silhouettes used in the figures. The program TNT was made available thanks to the Willi Hennig Society. We would like to extend out gratitude to the editorial team at Scientific Reports, and also to the reviewers for the thorough comments that helped improve this manuscript. This study was funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) (Grant No. 2283360) and Institute for Life Sciences (University of Southampton). The acquisition of material was supported by the Friends of Dinosaur Isle (Charity No. 1170688). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 451633
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/451633
ISSN: 2045-2322
PURE UUID: 9a4623d8-aebe-4ca4-9bec-b73daac8e495
ORCID for Christopher, Tijani Barker: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-3307
ORCID for Philipp Schneider: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-3576
ORCID for Neil J. Gostling: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-7769

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Date deposited: 15 Oct 2021 16:33
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:34

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Contributors

Author: Christopher, Tijani Barker ORCID iD
Author: David W.E. Hone
Author: Darren Naish
Author: Andrea Cau
Author: Jeremy A.F. Lockwood
Author: Brian Foster

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