A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19
A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19
Inherited genetic factors can influence the severity of COVID-19, but the molecular explanation underpinning a genetic association is often unclear. Intracellular antiviral defenses can inhibit the replication of viruses and reduce disease severity. To better understand the antiviral defenses relevant to COVID-19, we used interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression screening to reveal that 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), through ribonuclease L, potently inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We show that a common splice-acceptor single-nucleotide polymorphism (Rs10774671) governs whether patients express prenylated OAS1 isoforms that are membrane-associated and sense-specific regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs or if they only express cytosolic, nonprenylated OAS1 that does not efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2. In hospitalized patients, expression of prenylated OAS1 was associated with protection from severe COVID-19, suggesting that this antiviral defense is a major component of a protective antiviral response.
eabj3624
Wickenhagen, Arthur
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Sugrue, Elena
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Lytras, Spyros
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Noerenberg, Marko
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Turnbull, Matthew L
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et al.,
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Allan, Jay
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Jarmson, Innes
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Cameron-Ruiz, Natalia
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Lee, Jeffrey Y
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Iselin, Louisa
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Palmalux, Natasha
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Stewart, Douglas G
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Swingler, Simon
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Greenwood, Edward J D
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Clohisey, Sara
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de Lima Ferreira, Luiz Carlos
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Da Silva Filho, Joao Luiz
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Jackson, Clare
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Hartley, Catherine
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Jones, Christopher B
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Barrett, Nicholas
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Baxter, David
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Smith, Richard
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Thompson, Chris
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Thompson, Robert
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Whittaker, Paul
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Young, Peter
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Dushianthan, Ahilanandan
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29 October 2021
Wickenhagen, Arthur
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Sugrue, Elena
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Lytras, Spyros
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Kuchi, Srikeerthana
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Noerenberg, Marko
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Turnbull, Matthew L
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et al.,
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Loney, Colin
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Herder, Vanessa
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Allan, Jay
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Jarmson, Innes
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Cameron-Ruiz, Natalia
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Varjak, Margus
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Pinto, Rute M
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Lee, Jeffrey Y
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Iselin, Louisa
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Palmalux, Natasha
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Stewart, Douglas G
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Swingler, Simon
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Greenwood, Edward J D
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Crozier, Thomas W M
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Gu, Quan
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Davies, Emma L
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Clohisey, Sara
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Freire Santana, Monique
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de Lima Ferreira, Luiz Carlos
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Murphy, Lee
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Fawkes, Angie
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Meynert, Alison
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Grimes, Graeme
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Da Silva Filho, Joao Luiz
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Marti, Matthias
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Hughes, Joseph
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Evans, Anthony
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Hartley, Catherine
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