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A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19

A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19
A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19
Inherited genetic factors can influence the severity of COVID-19, but the molecular explanation underpinning a genetic association is often unclear. Intracellular antiviral defenses can inhibit the replication of viruses and reduce disease severity. To better understand the antiviral defenses relevant to COVID-19, we used interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression screening to reveal that 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), through ribonuclease L, potently inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We show that a common splice-acceptor single-nucleotide polymorphism (Rs10774671) governs whether patients express prenylated OAS1 isoforms that are membrane-associated and sense-specific regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs or if they only express cytosolic, nonprenylated OAS1 that does not efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2. In hospitalized patients, expression of prenylated OAS1 was associated with protection from severe COVID-19, suggesting that this antiviral defense is a major component of a protective antiviral response.
0036-8075
eabj3624
Wickenhagen, Arthur
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Sugrue, Elena
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Lytras, Spyros
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Noerenberg, Marko
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Turnbull, Matthew L
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Allan, Jay
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Jarmson, Innes
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Palmalux, Natasha
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Da Silva Filho, Joao Luiz
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Marti, Matthias
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Dushianthan, Ahilanandan
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ISARIC4C Investigators
Wickenhagen, Arthur
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Sugrue, Elena
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Noerenberg, Marko
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Turnbull, Matthew L
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Herder, Vanessa
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Allan, Jay
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Jarmson, Innes
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Palmalux, Natasha
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Freire Santana, Monique
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de Lima Ferreira, Luiz Carlos
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Murphy, Lee
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Hartley, Catherine
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Dushianthan, Ahilanandan
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Wickenhagen, Arthur, Sugrue, Elena, Lytras, Spyros, Kuchi, Srikeerthana, Noerenberg, Marko, Turnbull, Matthew L and et al., , ISARIC4C Investigators (2021) A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19. Science (New York, N.Y.), 374 (6567), eabj3624, [eabj3624]. (doi:10.1126/science.abj3624).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Inherited genetic factors can influence the severity of COVID-19, but the molecular explanation underpinning a genetic association is often unclear. Intracellular antiviral defenses can inhibit the replication of viruses and reduce disease severity. To better understand the antiviral defenses relevant to COVID-19, we used interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression screening to reveal that 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), through ribonuclease L, potently inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We show that a common splice-acceptor single-nucleotide polymorphism (Rs10774671) governs whether patients express prenylated OAS1 isoforms that are membrane-associated and sense-specific regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs or if they only express cytosolic, nonprenylated OAS1 that does not efficiently detect SARS-CoV-2. In hospitalized patients, expression of prenylated OAS1 was associated with protection from severe COVID-19, suggesting that this antiviral defense is a major component of a protective antiviral response.

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Accepted/In Press date: 23 September 2021
e-pub ahead of print date: 28 September 2021
Published date: 29 October 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: Thi work was partly funded by UKRI/NIHR through the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium (UK-CIC MR/V028448/1 to M.P. and S.J.W.) and the MRC through the following grants: MR/K024752/1 (to S.J.W.), MC_UU_12014/10 (to M.P. and S.J.W.), MC_UU_12014/12 (to J.H., D.L.R., and S.K.) and MR/P022642/1 (to S.J.W. and S.J.R.), MR/V000489/1 (to E.C.Y.W. and R.J.S.), MR/S00971X/1 (to R.J.S. and E.C.Y.W.), MR/P001602/1 (to E.C.Y.W.), and MR/V011561/1 (to P.J.L.). Support was also provided by a Wellcome Principal Research Fellowship 210688/Z/18/Z (to P.J.L.), a Wellcome Trust Fellowship 201366/Z/16/Z (to S.J.R.), a Wellcome Investigator Award 209412/Z/17/Z (to I.D.), the Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (to P.J.L.), support from the German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; project number 406109949 (to V.H.), and German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture through BMEL F?rderkennzeichen: 01KI1723G (to V.H.), and a Daphne Jackson Fellowship funded by Medical Research Scotland (to S.S.). A.C. is supported by MRC grants MR/R021562/1, MC_UU_12014/10, and MC_UU_12014/12. J.Y.L. is funded by a Medial Sciences Graduate Studentship, University of Oxford. L.I. is funded by BBSRC DTP scholarship number BB/M011224/1. MAIC analysis was supported by the SHIELD Consortium (MRC grant MRNO2995X/1). ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (grant MC_PC_19059), the NIHR (award CO-CIN-01) and by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford (award 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927), Wellcome Trust and Department for International Development (215091/Z/18/Z), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1209135), and Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (IS-BRC-1215-20013), EU Platform foR European Preparedness Against (Re-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) (FP7 project 602525) and NIHR Clinical Research Network provided infrastructure support for this research. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 452070
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/452070
ISSN: 0036-8075
PURE UUID: f2970682-bcfb-4389-9669-05af0eebf7b3
ORCID for Ahilanandan Dushianthan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-3359

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Date deposited: 10 Nov 2021 17:36
Last modified: 16 Apr 2024 01:54

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Contributors

Author: Arthur Wickenhagen
Author: Elena Sugrue
Author: Spyros Lytras
Author: Srikeerthana Kuchi
Author: Marko Noerenberg
Author: Matthew L Turnbull
Author: et al.
Author: Colin Loney
Author: Vanessa Herder
Author: Jay Allan
Author: Innes Jarmson
Author: Natalia Cameron-Ruiz
Author: Margus Varjak
Author: Rute M Pinto
Author: Jeffrey Y Lee
Author: Louisa Iselin
Author: Natasha Palmalux
Author: Douglas G Stewart
Author: Simon Swingler
Author: Edward J D Greenwood
Author: Thomas W M Crozier
Author: Quan Gu
Author: Emma L Davies
Author: Sara Clohisey
Author: Bo Wang
Author: Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
Author: Monique Freire Santana
Author: Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira
Author: Lee Murphy
Author: Angie Fawkes
Author: Alison Meynert
Author: Graeme Grimes
Author: Joao Luiz Da Silva Filho
Author: Matthias Marti
Author: Joseph Hughes
Author: Christopher A Green
Author: Matthew R Lewis
Author: Clare Jackson
Author: Anthony Evans
Author: Catherine Hartley
Author: Christopher B Jones
Author: Nicholas Barrett
Author: David Baxter
Author: Luke Hodgson
Author: Michael Jacobs
Author: Natalie Pattison
Author: Richard Smith
Author: Chris Thompson
Author: Robert Thompson
Author: Paul Whittaker
Author: Peter Young
Author: Ahilanandan Dushianthan ORCID iD
Corporate Author: ISARIC4C Investigators

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