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Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID)

Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID)
Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID)
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 100 million cases worldwide. The UK has had over 4 million cases, 400 000 hospital admissions and 100 000 deaths. Many patients with COVID-19 suffer long-term symptoms, predominantly breathlessness and fatigue whether hospitalised or not. Early data suggest potentially severe long-term consequence of COVID-19 is development of long COVID-19-related interstitial lung disease (LC-ILD).

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The UK Interstitial Lung Disease Consortium (UKILD) will undertake longitudinal observational studies of patients with suspected ILD following COVID-19. The primary objective is to determine ILD prevalence at 12 months following infection and whether clinically severe infection correlates with severity of ILD. Secondary objectives will determine the clinical, genetic, epigenetic and biochemical factors that determine the trajectory of recovery or progression of ILD. Data will be obtained through linkage to the Post-Hospitalisation COVID platform study and community studies. Additional substudies will conduct deep phenotyping. The Xenon MRI investigation of Alveolar dysfunction Substudy will conduct longitudinal xenon alveolar gas transfer and proton perfusion MRI. The POST COVID-19 interstitial lung DiseasE substudy will conduct clinically indicated bronchoalveolar lavage with matched whole blood sampling. Assessments include exploratory single cell RNA and lung microbiomics analysis, gene expression and epigenetic assessment.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: All contributing studies have been granted appropriate ethical approvals. Results from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.

CONCLUSION: This study will ensure the extent and consequences of LC-ILD are established and enable strategies to mitigate progression of LC-ILD.
COVID-19/complications, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology, Observational Studies as Topic, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, United Kingdom/epidemiology
2052-4439
Wild, Jim M
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Wild, Jim M, Porter, Joanna C, Molyneaux, Philip L, George, Peter M, Stewart, Iain, Allen, Richard James, Aul, Raminder, Baillie, John Kenneth, Barratt, Shaney L, Beirne, Paul, Bianchi, Stephen M, Blaikley, John F, Brooke, Jonathan, Chaudhuri, Nazia, Collier, Guilhem, Denneny, Emma K, Docherty, Annemarie, Fabbri, Laura, Gibbons, Michael A, Gleeson, Fergus V, Gooptu, Bibek, Hall, Ian P, Hanley, Neil A, Heightman, Melissa, Hillman, Toby E, Johnson, Simon R, Jones, Mark G, Khan, Fasihul, Lawson, Rod, Mehta, Puja, Mitchell, Jane A, Platé, Manuela, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Quint, Jennifer K, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Semple, Malcolm, Simpson, A John, Smith, Djf, Spears, Mark, Spencer, LIsa G, Stanel, Stefan C, Thickett, David R, Thompson, A A Roger, Walsh, Simon Lf, Weatherley, Nicholas D, Weeks, Mark Everard, Wootton, Dan G, Brightling, Chris E, Chambers, Rachel C, Ho, Ling-Pei, Jacob, Joseph, Piper Hanley, Karen, Wain, Louise V and Jenkins, R Gisli (2021) Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID). BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 8 (1), [e001049]. (doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001049).

Record type: Article

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 100 million cases worldwide. The UK has had over 4 million cases, 400 000 hospital admissions and 100 000 deaths. Many patients with COVID-19 suffer long-term symptoms, predominantly breathlessness and fatigue whether hospitalised or not. Early data suggest potentially severe long-term consequence of COVID-19 is development of long COVID-19-related interstitial lung disease (LC-ILD).

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The UK Interstitial Lung Disease Consortium (UKILD) will undertake longitudinal observational studies of patients with suspected ILD following COVID-19. The primary objective is to determine ILD prevalence at 12 months following infection and whether clinically severe infection correlates with severity of ILD. Secondary objectives will determine the clinical, genetic, epigenetic and biochemical factors that determine the trajectory of recovery or progression of ILD. Data will be obtained through linkage to the Post-Hospitalisation COVID platform study and community studies. Additional substudies will conduct deep phenotyping. The Xenon MRI investigation of Alveolar dysfunction Substudy will conduct longitudinal xenon alveolar gas transfer and proton perfusion MRI. The POST COVID-19 interstitial lung DiseasE substudy will conduct clinically indicated bronchoalveolar lavage with matched whole blood sampling. Assessments include exploratory single cell RNA and lung microbiomics analysis, gene expression and epigenetic assessment.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: All contributing studies have been granted appropriate ethical approvals. Results from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.

CONCLUSION: This study will ensure the extent and consequences of LC-ILD are established and enable strategies to mitigate progression of LC-ILD.

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Accepted/In Press date: 19 August 2021
Published date: 23 September 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: The UKILD-Long COVID study is a prospective multi-centre observational cohort study that will be managed through the Imperial College National Heart and Lung Institute and funded by the UKRI Medical Research Council and an NIHR professorship (RGJ). The primary study aims to define the prevalence and risk factors for LC-ILD using data from 10 000 stratified patients, collected from the UK’s national PHOSP for COVID platform study, together with 2000 non-hospitalised patients referred for assessment up to 3 months for investigation of persistent respiratory symptoms post-COVID-19, such as breathlessness and cough (figure 1A). These patients will be recruited from Long COVID clinics or community Post-COVID-19 clinical trials (REACT Long COVID Study19). We will assess the clinical and genetic risk factors for post-COVID-19 ILD and radiological classification, as well as the trajectory and pathogenic mechanisms of progression following acute COVID with longitudinal analysis of biomarkers and the undertaking of two substudies (figure 1B). 1. Up to 80 participants will undergo detailed longitudi-nal xenon and proton MRI coupled with measures of flow-mediated endothelial function in the microvascu-lature measured by EndoPat. 2. Up to 50 participants will undergo bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for single cell and/or bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), with matched flow cytometry analysis, as well as microbiome analysis. Funding Information: Funding The collaborative research programme entitled, The UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID-19 study (UKILD-Long COVID): understanding the burden of Interstitial Lung Disease in Long COVID is funded by UK Research and Innovation MRC research grant award (grant reference MR/W006111/1). The collaborative research programme entitled PHOSP-COVID Posthospitalisation COVID-19 study: a national consortium to understand and improve long-term health outcomes is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health Research (grant references: MR/V027859/1 and COV0319 and ISRCTN number 10980107). In addition, PM is supported by MRC—GlaxoSmithKline GSK Experimental Medicine and co-funding NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. JB is supported by MRC transition award (MR/ T032529/1). BG is funded by MRC-UK, the British Lung Foundation, The Alpha-1 Foundation and supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. IPH is supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator Award. SRJ is supported by Nottingham NIHR BRC. PLM is supported by an Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis Mike Bray fellowship. AART is supported by a British Heart Foundation Intermediate Clinical Fellowship (FS/18/13/3328). L-PH is supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. JJ is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship (209553/Z/17/Z) and the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, UK. LW holds a GSK/British Lung Foundation Chair in Respiratory Research (C17-1). The research was partially supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. RGJ is supported by an NIHR Research Professorship (RP-2017-08-ST2-014). AJS is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. Disclaimer The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Competing interests None declared. Publisher Copyright: ©
Keywords: COVID-19/complications, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology, Observational Studies as Topic, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, United Kingdom/epidemiology

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 453657
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/453657
ISSN: 2052-4439
PURE UUID: 80baa571-3a99-471e-8f1b-f1091936aad2
ORCID for Mark G Jones: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-6014

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Date deposited: 20 Jan 2022 17:44
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:12

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Contributors

Author: Jim M Wild
Author: Joanna C Porter
Author: Philip L Molyneaux
Author: Peter M George
Author: Iain Stewart
Author: Richard James Allen
Author: Raminder Aul
Author: John Kenneth Baillie
Author: Shaney L Barratt
Author: Paul Beirne
Author: Stephen M Bianchi
Author: John F Blaikley
Author: Jonathan Brooke
Author: Nazia Chaudhuri
Author: Guilhem Collier
Author: Emma K Denneny
Author: Annemarie Docherty
Author: Laura Fabbri
Author: Michael A Gibbons
Author: Fergus V Gleeson
Author: Bibek Gooptu
Author: Ian P Hall
Author: Neil A Hanley
Author: Melissa Heightman
Author: Toby E Hillman
Author: Simon R Johnson
Author: Mark G Jones ORCID iD
Author: Fasihul Khan
Author: Rod Lawson
Author: Puja Mehta
Author: Jane A Mitchell
Author: Manuela Platé
Author: Krisnah Poinasamy
Author: Jennifer K Quint
Author: Pilar Rivera-Ortega
Author: Malcolm Semple
Author: A John Simpson
Author: Djf Smith
Author: Mark Spears
Author: LIsa G Spencer
Author: Stefan C Stanel
Author: David R Thickett
Author: A A Roger Thompson
Author: Simon Lf Walsh
Author: Nicholas D Weatherley
Author: Mark Everard Weeks
Author: Dan G Wootton
Author: Chris E Brightling
Author: Rachel C Chambers
Author: Ling-Pei Ho
Author: Joseph Jacob
Author: Karen Piper Hanley
Author: Louise V Wain
Author: R Gisli Jenkins

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