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Reproducibility of aerobic granules in treating low-strength and low-C/N-ratio wastewater and associated microbial community structure

Reproducibility of aerobic granules in treating low-strength and low-C/N-ratio wastewater and associated microbial community structure
Reproducibility of aerobic granules in treating low-strength and low-C/N-ratio wastewater and associated microbial community structure
Long-term stability of the aerobic granular sludge system is essentially based on the microbial community structure of the biomass. In this study, the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of sludge and wastewater treatment performance were investigated regarding formation, maturation, and long-term maintenance of granules in two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBR), R1 and R2, under identical conditions. The aim was to explore the linkage between microbial community structure of the aerobic granules, their long-term stability, as well as the reproducibility of granulation and long-term stability. The two reactors were operated with a COD concentration of 400 mg/L and a chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of 4:1 under anoxic–oxic conditions. It was found that although SVI30, sludge size, and distributions in R1 and R2 were different, aerobic granules were formed, and they maintained long-term stability in both reactors for 320 days, implying that a certain level of randomness of granulation does not affect the long-term stability and performance for COD and N removal. In addition, a significant reduction in the richness and diversity of microbial production was observed after the sludge was converted from inoculum or flocs to granules, but this did not negatively affect the performance of wastewater treatment. Among the predominant microbial species in aerobic granules, Zoogloea was identified as the most important bacteria present during the whole operation with the highest abundance, while Thauera was the important genus in the formation and maturation of the aerobic granules, but it cannot be maintained long-term due to the low food-to-microorganisms ratio (F/M) in the system. In addition, some species from Ohtaekwangia, Chryseobacterium, Taibaiella, and Tahibacter were found to proliferate strongly during long-term maintenance of aerobic granules. They may play an important role in the long-term stability of aerobic granules. These results demonstrate the reproducibility of granulation, the small influence of granulation on long-term stability, and the robustness of aerobic granulation for the removal of COD and N. Overall, our study contributes significantly to the understanding of microbial community structure for the long-term stability of aerobic granular sludge in the treatment of low-COD and low-COD/N-ratio wastewater in practice.
Aerobic granular sludge, Low COD/N ratio, Low-strength COD, Microbial community structure, Reproducibility
2227-9717
Zhang, Hongxing
5856704f-cf9a-47d0-b125-4fdf5af1b016
Liu, Yongqiang
75adc6f8-aa83-484e-9e87-6c8442e344fa
Mao, Shichao
55754cfc-7cb5-4c08-a373-0349e5bb8a52
Steinberg, Christain
05109ea3-6dde-4361-a9bd-fd2c6d16adaa
Duan, Wenyan
5e3db26c-f6ac-4e4d-be78-c89c26faa01d
Chen, Fangyuan
04de0527-7726-4f68-810e-289bc2922dc2
Zhang, Hongxing
5856704f-cf9a-47d0-b125-4fdf5af1b016
Liu, Yongqiang
75adc6f8-aa83-484e-9e87-6c8442e344fa
Mao, Shichao
55754cfc-7cb5-4c08-a373-0349e5bb8a52
Steinberg, Christain
05109ea3-6dde-4361-a9bd-fd2c6d16adaa
Duan, Wenyan
5e3db26c-f6ac-4e4d-be78-c89c26faa01d
Chen, Fangyuan
04de0527-7726-4f68-810e-289bc2922dc2

Zhang, Hongxing, Liu, Yongqiang, Mao, Shichao, Steinberg, Christain, Duan, Wenyan and Chen, Fangyuan (2022) Reproducibility of aerobic granules in treating low-strength and low-C/N-ratio wastewater and associated microbial community structure. Processes, 10 (3), [444]. (doi:10.3390/pr10030444).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Long-term stability of the aerobic granular sludge system is essentially based on the microbial community structure of the biomass. In this study, the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of sludge and wastewater treatment performance were investigated regarding formation, maturation, and long-term maintenance of granules in two parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBR), R1 and R2, under identical conditions. The aim was to explore the linkage between microbial community structure of the aerobic granules, their long-term stability, as well as the reproducibility of granulation and long-term stability. The two reactors were operated with a COD concentration of 400 mg/L and a chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of 4:1 under anoxic–oxic conditions. It was found that although SVI30, sludge size, and distributions in R1 and R2 were different, aerobic granules were formed, and they maintained long-term stability in both reactors for 320 days, implying that a certain level of randomness of granulation does not affect the long-term stability and performance for COD and N removal. In addition, a significant reduction in the richness and diversity of microbial production was observed after the sludge was converted from inoculum or flocs to granules, but this did not negatively affect the performance of wastewater treatment. Among the predominant microbial species in aerobic granules, Zoogloea was identified as the most important bacteria present during the whole operation with the highest abundance, while Thauera was the important genus in the formation and maturation of the aerobic granules, but it cannot be maintained long-term due to the low food-to-microorganisms ratio (F/M) in the system. In addition, some species from Ohtaekwangia, Chryseobacterium, Taibaiella, and Tahibacter were found to proliferate strongly during long-term maintenance of aerobic granules. They may play an important role in the long-term stability of aerobic granules. These results demonstrate the reproducibility of granulation, the small influence of granulation on long-term stability, and the robustness of aerobic granulation for the removal of COD and N. Overall, our study contributes significantly to the understanding of microbial community structure for the long-term stability of aerobic granular sludge in the treatment of low-COD and low-COD/N-ratio wastewater in practice.

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processes-10-00444 - Version of Record
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Accepted/In Press date: 18 February 2022
Published date: March 2022
Additional Information: Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant number 41763016). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords: Aerobic granular sludge, Low COD/N ratio, Low-strength COD, Microbial community structure, Reproducibility

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 455342
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/455342
ISSN: 2227-9717
PURE UUID: 843ffa32-f153-4af6-9935-c299de4170d9
ORCID for Yongqiang Liu: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-1786

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Date deposited: 17 Mar 2022 17:35
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:32

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Contributors

Author: Hongxing Zhang
Author: Yongqiang Liu ORCID iD
Author: Shichao Mao
Author: Christain Steinberg
Author: Wenyan Duan
Author: Fangyuan Chen

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