READ ME File For 'X-ray micro-CT image data of heterogeneous sandstone' Dataset DOI: 10.5258/SOTON/D1441 Date that the file was created: June, 2020 ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- ReadMe Author: BEN CALLOW, University of Southampton [ORCID ID. 0000-0003-2296-1702] Date of data collection: May 2018 Information about geographic location of data collection: - Image data Collected at Beamline I13-2, Diamond Light Source, Oxford, United Kingdom. - The sandstone samples were collected from Panoche Hills, California. The specific geographical coordinates are provided for each sample. Related projects: STEMM-CCS: https://www.stemm-ccs.eu/ CHIMNEY: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/oes/research/projects/chimney.page PhD Thesis of Ben James Callow: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/447349 -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- Licenses/restrictions placed on the data, or limitations of reuse: open, no restrictions. Recommended citation for the data: B. Callow, "X-ray micro-CT image data of heterogeneous sandstone", Univesity of Southampton, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1441. [Accessed: day-month-year] This dataset supports the publication: AUTHORS: Ben Callow, Ismael H. Falcon-Suarez, Hector Marin-Moreno, Jonathan M. Bull and Sharif Ahmed. TITLE: Optimal X-ray micro-CT image based methods for porosity and permeability quantification in heterogeneous sandstones. JOURNAL: Geophysical Journal International. PAPER DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggaa321 This dataset also supports the publication: AUTHORS: Ben Callow, Ismael H. Falcon-Suarez, Jonathan M. Bull, Thomas Gernon, Sean Ruffell, Antonio Grippa, Andrew Hurst. TITLE: Permeability heterogeneity of sandstone intrusion fluid-escape systems, Panoche Hills, California: Implications for sedimentary basins globally. JOURNAL: Sedimentology PAPER DOI IF KNOWN: n/a Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: n/a Links/relationships to ancillary or related data sets: n/a -------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW -------------------- This dataset contains: Raw (greyscale) and processed (segmented) tomographic image data of heterogeneous sandstone samples. Micro-CT scans of 10 mm diameter sandstone (smectite clay and opal-CT-rich sandstones) acquired usng a synchrotron parallel beam source, at beamline I13-2, Diamond Light Source, United Kingdom. 4000 projections were acquired with an exposure time of 0.5s each. Data was acquired using a pink beam in the energy range of 20–30 KeV. The samples consist of air/void space (low grey values), clay and quartz cement (intermediate grey values) and quartz (high grey values). Pore network model and Stokes-Flow derived image-based simulation calculations of absolute permeability on these images were compared to permeameter measurements in Callow et al. 2020. There are 29 datafiles in total: 15 Raw (greyscale) files and 14 Processed (segmented) files: Raw (greyscale) files: D1_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D1a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_greyscale_filtered.raw.zip D2_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D2a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D3_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D3a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D4_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D4a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D5_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D6_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip D7_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale_filtered.raw.zip S1_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip S2_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip S2a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip P1_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_greyscale.raw.zip Processed (segmented) files: D1_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D1a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D2a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D2_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D3_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D3a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D4_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D4a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D5_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D6_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip D7_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip S1_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip S2_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip S2a_1728_1728_1728_8bit_0.81um_Segmented.raw.zip Each file has the following name structure: - SAMPLE NUMBER_ - Number_Of_Voxels_In_X_Dimension_ - Number_Of_Voxels_In_Y_Dimension_ - Number_Of_Voxels_In_Z_Dimension_ - Bit_Type - Voxel_Length - Greyscale_Or_Segmented_ - File type A list of variables for each file are contained within the Excel File: Sample_Information.xlsx Relationship between files, if important for context: n/a Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: n/a If data was derived from another source, list source: n/a If there are there multiple versions of the dataset, list the file updated, when and why update was made: n/a -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- A detailed methodological description can be found in the following publication: AUTHORS: Ben Callow, Ismael H. Falcon-Suarez, Hector Marin-Moreno, Jonathan M. Bull and Sharif Ahmed. TITLE: Optimal X-ray micro-CT image based methods for porosity and permeability quantification in heterogeneous sandstones. JOURNAL: Geophysical Journal International. PAPER DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggaa321 The following methodological publication contains the following information: - Description of methods used for collection/generation of data. - Methods for processing the data. - Software- or Instrument-specific information needed to interpret the data, including software and hardware version numbers. - Standards and calibration information. - The experimental conditions. - Description of any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Ben Callow, Ismael H. Falcon-Suarez, Hector Marin-Moreno, Jonathan M. Bull and Sharif Ahmed were directly involved in sample collection, processing, analysis and submission of the written publication associated with this manuscript. We give our thanks to Hans Deyhle, Laurence North, Christina Reinhard, Shashi Marathe, Andrew Bodey and the Diamond Support Scientists at I13–2 for their support during the image data acquisition. We are also very grateful for the advice and guidance with image data reconstruction provided by Kaz Wanelik. We would also like to thank Andrew Hurst and Antonio Grippa (University of Aberdeen, Sand Injection Research Group) for their assistance and advice with sample collection in California. We would like to thank our colleagues at the µ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, University of Southampton for their helpful advice and support. We acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 654462 - STEMM-CCS. We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline I13–2 under Proposal MT18758. We acknowledge the use of the IRIDIS High Performance Computing Facility, and associated support services at the University of Southampton, in the completion of the image data analysis. We would like to thank the FEI Visualization Sciences Group for providing the use of the Avizo 9.3.0 software for image data processing. -------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION -------------------------- There are 29 datafiles in total: 15 Raw (greyscale) files and 14 Processed (segmented) files: A list of variables for each file is contained within the Excel File: Sample_Information.xlsx Number of variables: 33 Number of cases/rows: 15 Variable list, defining any abbreviations, units of measure, codes or symbols used: - Experiment no. - Scan no. - Final sample no. - Sandstone Sample type - Sampling Geographic Location - Latitude - Sampling Geographic Location - Longitude - Way up / orientation known? - Image Type - Width - Height - Number of slices - Byte order - Cubic Voxel Length (𝛍m) Physical Properties Acquired from teh segmented data: - Total Void Space (%) - Total Clay & Cement fraction (%) - Total Particle fraction (%) - Estimated Total Porosity (%) (if Clay = 100%pores) - Estimated Total Porosity (%) (if Clay = 50% pores) - Connected Porosity 1728^3(%) - Core porosity % - Minimum Grain Size (𝛍m) - Mean Grain Size (𝛍m) - Maximum Grain Size (𝛍m) - Minimum Pore Diameter (𝛍m) - Mean Pore Diameter (𝛍m) - Maximum Pore Diameter (𝛍m) - Mean Coordination Number / Pore Connectivity - kh (mD) - kv (mD) - Mean k (mD) - Cement Removed kh (mD) - Cement Removed kv (mD) - Cement Removed Mean k (mD) Missing data codes: n/a, which is an abbreviation for 'not available'. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: k - Absolute Permeability h - horizontal v - vertical 𝛍m - Micrometers mD - milidarcies no. - number .raw files can be opened using a number of image processing software, such as Image-J/Fiji.