The University of Southampton
University of Southampton Institutional Repository

# Global symmetries and partial confinement

Hanada, Masanori, Holden, Jack, Knaggs, Matthew and O'bannon, Andrew (2022) Global symmetries and partial confinement. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2022 (3), [118].

Record type: Article

## Abstract

In gauge theories, spontaneous breaking of the centre symmetry provides a precise definition of deconfinement. In large-$N$ gauge theories, evidence has emerged recently that between confined and deconfined phases a partially-deconfined phase can appear, in which only a subset of colours deconfine. In the partially-deconfined phase, the centre symmetry is spontaneously broken, raising the question of whether an order parameter exists that can distinguish completely- and partially-deconfined phases. We present two examples in gauge theories of global symmetries that are spontaneously broken in the confined phase and preserved in the deconfined phase, and we show that this symmetry is spontaneously broken in the partially-deconfined phase. As a result, in these theories the transition from complete to partial deconfinement is accompanied by the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry. The two examples are CP symmetry in $\mathcal{N}=1$ super-Yang-Mills with a massive gluino and theta-angle $\theta=\pi$, and chiral symmetry in a strongly-coupled lattice gauge theory. For $\mathcal{N}=1$ SYM we also present numerical evidence that the same phenomenon occurs at finite $N \geq 30$. We thus conjecture that global symmetries may provide order parameters to distinguish completely and partially deconfined phases generically, including at finite $N$.

Text
2112.11398v1 - Author's Original
Text

e-pub ahead of print date: 25 February 2022
Published date: 18 March 2022
Additional Information: 42 pages + 2 appendices, 37 figure files in 18 figures
Keywords: hep-lat, hep-ph, hep-th

## Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 457597
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/457597
ISSN: 1029-8479
PURE UUID: c3210907-0f42-4a97-bf5d-2cb8b3df5335
ORCID for Andrew O'bannon: orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-783X

## Catalogue record

Date deposited: 13 Jun 2022 16:53

## Contributors

Author: Jack Holden
Author: Matthew Knaggs
Author: Andrew O'bannon