How biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning: roles of infaunal species richness, identity and density in the marine benthos

Ieno, Elena N., Solan, Martin, Batty, Paul and Pierce, Graham J. (2006) How biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning: roles of infaunal species richness, identity and density in the marine benthos. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 311, 263-271. (doi:10.3354/meps311263).

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The extent to which changes in biodiversity are causally linked to key ecosystem processes is a primary focus of contemporary ecological research. Highly controlled manipulative experiments have revealed significant and positive effects of increased diversity on ecosystem functioning,
but uncertainties in experimental design have made it difficult to determine whether such effects are
related to the number of species or to effects associated with species identity and density. Using
infaunal marine invertebrates, we established 2 parallel laboratory experiments to examine the
hypothesis that changes in the composition of benthic macrofauna alter the biogeochemistry of
coastal intertidal mudflats. Our study identified clear effects of increased infaunal species diversity
on nutrient generation. However, significant species identity and density effects underpin the
observed response, reflecting species-specific traits associated with bioturbation. Post-hoc examination of our conclusions using power analysis revealed that, given our experimental design, the
probability of finding a correct significant effect, the minimum detectable difference necessary to
detect a significant effect, and the minimum number of replicates necessary in order to achieve an
acceptable power, all differed between species. Our study has important implications for the design
of biodiversity–ecosystem function experiments because the disparity between the contributions
that individual species make to ecosystem function demands the use of different levels of replication
for each species within an experiment.

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Contributors

Author: Martin Solan

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