Effects of interactions between heavy metals and salinity on the physiological responses of the amphipod, Gammarus duebeni
Effects of interactions between heavy metals and salinity on the physiological responses of the amphipod, Gammarus duebeni
Ninety-six-hour toxicity tests demonstrated the relative toxicities of mercuric chloride, cupric chloride and sodium selenite to three Gammarus spp. Mercury was by far the most toxic of the metals tested to all three gammarids. The estuarine species of gammarid was more tolerant to the toxic effects of each metal than the freshwater or marine form.Studies using I51Crj-EDTA as a measure of clearance indicated that 96-hour sublethal concentrations of the three metals significantly increased the rate of urine, production by G. duebeni in 100% sea water. Moreover, diuresis was observed in animals in simulated land conditions. In 2% sea water diuresis, due to metal poisoning, was masked by the naturally more rapid urine production rate by G. duebeni in dilute media. Mercury-induced diuresis continued for at least five days after the animals were transferred to clean sea water.Accumulation and loss of inorganic mercury by Gammarus spp. were investigated using mercury-203. Metal concentration and salinity of the medium, size of the test animal, surface adsorption of mercury to the animal and presence of other metals influenced accumulation. The possible interactive effect of copper and mercuryto G. duebeni in 100% sea water was examined using the following indices: (i) 96 h LC50 values, (ii) urine production rates and (iii) degree of mercury accumulation. Both (a) the interaction of the chlorides of mercury and copper together in solution and (b) the influence of cupric chloride pretreatment of animals prior to exposure to mercury were investigated. Presence of a sublethal level of cupric chloride protected G. duebeni against the toxic action of mercuric chloride. Copper pretreatment was not so effective. The nature of the interaction between mercury and copper is fully discussed.
University of Southampton
Moulder, Shelagh M
acb05ab0-2569-463b-8b38-4f1920808a49
1978
Moulder, Shelagh M
acb05ab0-2569-463b-8b38-4f1920808a49
Moulder, Shelagh M
(1978)
Effects of interactions between heavy metals and salinity on the physiological responses of the amphipod, Gammarus duebeni.
University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.
Record type:
Thesis
(Doctoral)
Abstract
Ninety-six-hour toxicity tests demonstrated the relative toxicities of mercuric chloride, cupric chloride and sodium selenite to three Gammarus spp. Mercury was by far the most toxic of the metals tested to all three gammarids. The estuarine species of gammarid was more tolerant to the toxic effects of each metal than the freshwater or marine form.Studies using I51Crj-EDTA as a measure of clearance indicated that 96-hour sublethal concentrations of the three metals significantly increased the rate of urine, production by G. duebeni in 100% sea water. Moreover, diuresis was observed in animals in simulated land conditions. In 2% sea water diuresis, due to metal poisoning, was masked by the naturally more rapid urine production rate by G. duebeni in dilute media. Mercury-induced diuresis continued for at least five days after the animals were transferred to clean sea water.Accumulation and loss of inorganic mercury by Gammarus spp. were investigated using mercury-203. Metal concentration and salinity of the medium, size of the test animal, surface adsorption of mercury to the animal and presence of other metals influenced accumulation. The possible interactive effect of copper and mercuryto G. duebeni in 100% sea water was examined using the following indices: (i) 96 h LC50 values, (ii) urine production rates and (iii) degree of mercury accumulation. Both (a) the interaction of the chlorides of mercury and copper together in solution and (b) the influence of cupric chloride pretreatment of animals prior to exposure to mercury were investigated. Presence of a sublethal level of cupric chloride protected G. duebeni against the toxic action of mercuric chloride. Copper pretreatment was not so effective. The nature of the interaction between mercury and copper is fully discussed.
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Published date: 1978
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Local EPrints ID: 458545
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/458545
PURE UUID: 551415aa-90cb-41a2-ac49-b364ba33aeeb
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Date deposited: 04 Jul 2022 16:51
Last modified: 23 Jul 2022 00:21
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Author:
Shelagh M Moulder
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